Pop Culture Theories
Summary
TLDRThis lecture explores theories of Philippine pop culture, starting with Yuri Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which examines the various systems influencing an individual's identity. It discusses the impact of social media influencers and traditional media on pop culture. The lecture also covers historical perspectives like the mass society theory from the 19th-century industrial revolution, the aristocratic critique of mass society, and the culture industry's influence on consumerism. It concludes with progressive evolution and postmodern ideologies, emphasizing the power struggle and sensitivity in modern society, and encourages a mind map activity for deeper understanding.
Takeaways
- 🌟 Yuri Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory is a key framework for understanding the context of an individual's life, including their surroundings and reality.
- 👶 The Microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory refers to the immediate environment of a child, including their identity, family, and personal interests.
- 🏘️ The Mesosystem is the layer that encompasses the child's immediate surroundings outside of their personal microsystem, such as neighborhood, friends, and school.
- 🏢 The Exosystem includes the broader social structures that influence an individual, such as the workplace, community services, and extended family, including the impact of social media.
- 📱 Social media plays a significant role in shaping an individual's identity, with influencers on platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram being primary sources of influence.
- 📺 Traditional mass media, including television, radio, and print ads, continues to influence individuals and is part of the Exosystem.
- 🌐 The Macrosystem involves the cultural and societal values, customs, and laws that affect an individual, such as Filipino family values and national laws.
- ⏳ The Chronosystem emphasizes the importance of time and generation, recognizing how societal realities and pop culture evolve across different generations.
- 🏭 The Theory of Mass Society originated during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution, highlighting the shift from agrarian to industrialized societies and the rise of urban populations.
- 🏛️ The Aristocratic Theory of Mass Society views the rise of mass society as a moral crisis due to the weakening of traditional authority centers, predicting a society without moral or cultural guidance.
- 🏭 The Theory of Culture Industry, developed by the Frankfurt School, suggests that the culture industry caters to consumer happiness, often influenced by capitalist interests.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the lecture on Philippine pop culture?
-The lecture focuses on pop culture theories, specifically discussing how various ideas influence the study of pop culture, with an emphasis on ecological systems theory and its application to understanding the context of individuals within the Philippine culture.
What does the ecological systems theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner propose?
-Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory proposes that a child's development is influenced by multiple interconnected systems, starting from the microsystem (the child and immediate family), moving outward to the mesosystem (neighborhood and peer groups), exosystem (workplace, community services, extended family), and macrosystem (culture, customs, values, and laws).
How does social media fit into the ecological systems theory?
-In the ecological systems theory, social media is considered part of the exosystem, as it influences an individual's identity and is a key element in their life, providing influences, likes, dislikes, and terminologies that pertain to the individual's identity.
What is the significance of the term 'social media influencer' in pop culture?
-The term 'social media influencer' refers to individuals who have a significant impact on their followers' behaviors and preferences. These influencers, who can be YouTubers, TikTokers, or celebrities on various platforms, are primary sources of influence in pop culture today.
How does the theory of mass society relate to the development of pop culture?
-The theory of mass society, which originated during the 19th century, suggests that industrialization led to a division of labor, urbanization, and the centralization of decision-making. This created a mass culture that is often associated with pop culture, where the values and practices of industrialized society are disseminated through mass media.
What is the aristocratic theory of mass society, and how does it view the impact of mass society on traditional authority?
-The aristocratic theory of mass society links the rise of mass society to a moral crisis caused by the weakening of traditional centers of authority, such as the church and government. It predicts a society dominated by the masses without moral or cultural guidance, which is seen as a negative outcome.
How does the culture industry theory view the role of consumer capitalism in shaping pop culture?
-The culture industry theory, developed by the Frankfurt School, posits that the masses are dominated by an all-encompassing culture industry that follows the logic of consumer happiness. This implies that consumer capitalism drives the production of cultural products, which are designed to appeal to and be consumed by the masses.
What is the progressive evolution theory's perspective on the democratization of culture?
-The progressive evolution theory, a liberal pluralist ideology, views the economy as creating opportunities for individuals to participate in a fully democratized culture through mass education, expansion of leisure time, and the availability of affordable cultural products like records and paperbacks.
How does the lecture discuss the impact of technology and information availability on society and individual evolution?
-The lecture suggests that the availability of information through technology has significantly changed society and individual evolution. It has led to the emergence of new terminologies like 'woke' and 'snowflake', which are part of a postmodern and left-wing ideology, and has facilitated power struggles and forms of bullying in the digital age.
What activity does the lecturer suggest for visualizing the lecture's content?
-The lecturer suggests creating a mind map as an activity to visualize the content learned during the lecture. This involves drawing lines and branches on a blank piece of paper to represent the main idea and supporting details without the constraints of a notebook's lines, allowing for a free flow of ideas.
Outlines
🌟 Introduction to Pop Culture Theories
The lecture begins with an introduction to Philippine pop culture and delves into pop culture theories. It starts with Yuri Bronson Brenner's Ecological Systems Theory, which is crucial in understanding the context of a child's world, including their identity, family, and surroundings. The microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem are discussed as layers of influence on an individual's identity. The lecture also touches on the impact of social media as a modern influencer in pop culture, highlighting the role of social media influencers and traditional mass media.
🏞️ Exploring the Macrosystem and Chronosystem
This section expands on the macrosystem, which includes cultural and societal values, laws, and customs. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these elements to grasp the identity of an individual within the context of Philippine culture. The chronosystem is introduced as the in-depth aspect of the ecological systems theory, focusing on the influence of time and generational differences. The discussion highlights the evolution of societal realities and the recognition of different generations, such as Baby Boomers, Gen X, Millennials, and the current youth, to better understand pop culture.
🏭 The Industrial Revolution and Mass Society
The lecture continues with the theory of mass society, which originated during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. It discusses the transformation of labor, urban populations, and the rise of complex communication systems leading to globalization. The term 'mass society' is explored, with its roots in anti-capitalist and aristocratic ideologies, and its association with a perceived moral crisis due to the weakening of traditional authority centers. The aristocratic theory of mass society is also examined, which predicts a society dominated by the masses without moral or cultural guidance.
🎭 The Culture Industry and Progressive Evolution
The concept of the culture industry is introduced, where culture becomes a business driven by consumer capitalism. The Frankfurt School's critical theory is mentioned, which posits that the culture industry caters to consumer happiness, leading to changes in entertainment and pop culture values. The theory of progressive evolution is discussed as a liberal perspective that sees the economy as an opportunity for individuals to participate in a democratized culture through mass education and leisure expansion. The lecture also touches on the impact of information availability and the rise of terms like 'woke' and 'snowflake', which are part of a postmodern and left-wing ideology.
🌐 Power Struggles and the Impact of Technology
The final section addresses the power struggles within society, particularly the influence of technology on individuality and the rise of cyberbullying. It discusses how the mass society can lead to the loss of individual identity and the detrimental effects of power struggles on society. The lecture concludes with an activity suggestion—a mind map exercise—to help visualize the concepts learned during the lecture. The mind map is presented as a tool for branching out ideas and supporting details to encapsulate the lecture's teachings.
📘 Conclusion and Upcoming Lecture
The lecture concludes with a reminder of the upcoming session, encouraging participants to apply the knowledge gained from the discussion on pop culture theories. It sets the expectation for continued learning and exploration of Philippine pop culture in the subsequent lectures.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ecological Systems Theory
💡Microsystem
💡Mesosystem
💡Exosystem
💡Macrosystem
💡Chronosystem
💡Mass Society
💡Culture Industry
💡Progressive Evolution
💡Postmodern Ideology
💡Cyberbullying
Highlights
Introduction to Philippine Pop Culture theories
Yuri Brunson Brenner's Ecological Systems Theory as a framework for understanding context
Microsystem as the smallest element of a child's identity and immediate surroundings
Mesosystem includes the child's neighborhood, friends, and peer groups
Exosystem encompasses the workplace, community services, and extended family
Social media as a key element in an individual's life and identity
The role of social media influencers in shaping pop culture
Macrosystem includes culture, customs, values, and laws
Chrono system emphasizes the importance of generation and time in pop culture
Understanding pop culture through the lens of different generations
Transition to traditional pop culture theories
Theory of Mass Society originating from the 19th-century Industrial Revolution
Aristocratic Theory of Mass Society linking moral crisis to weakening traditional authority
Culture Industry Theory by the Frankfurt School critiquing consumer capitalism in pop culture
Progressive Evolution Theory viewing mass education and leisure as democratizing forces
Postmodern ideology and its impact on pop culture and individuality
The power struggle and bullying in the context of mass society and individual identity
Activity: Creating a mind map to visualize learning from the lecture
Conclusion and anticipation for the next lecture
Transcripts
hello everybody and welcome to another
lecture
in our subject philippine pop culture
today we'll be discussing pop culture
theories
what are those ideas for um
thinking that influences how
we study pop culture
let's start with
yuri brunson brenner's ecological
systems theory
so as we are in education
brenton brenner's ecological systems
theory is one of
the major theories that we study
as teachers because it is understanding
the context of the child his
world his surroundings his reality
and every individual has a set of
systems so as filipinos let's look at
brandon brenner's ecological systems
theory
beginning with the microsystem so the
microsystem
is the smallest um element
of a child this includes himself
his identity his name his age
how he looks okay what is important to
him
um his personality it also
includes his family his immediate family
this includes his brothers and sisters
his
mother his father
beyond the microsystem is the muscle
system
so this is the immediate uh surrounding
the child
apart from his personal
microsystem this would include his
neighborhood friends
his school peer groups or
older individuals and
beyond that is his egg exo system
so the exo system would be his workplace
uh his community services
such as the public hospitals
the police the fire department
and his extended family so as you see
it goes outward and becoming
wider and yet these are all still
elements that
influences the identity of
an individual the exosystem also
includes
the social media so today social media
is
one um key
element in an individual's life
one can can spend
so many hours in a day in social media
and since we are discussing pop culture
you will see
that social media is a big part
and it's a very essential part in the
identity of an individual
so in social media it will
give him his influences
his dislikes his dislikes
and even social media themselves
uses terminologies that
um kind of pertains
to how they are to an individual
you would hear words such as
a social media influencer so our social
media influencer is what
we now call celebrities uh
these are youtube vloggers tick-tockers
um facebook uh celebrities or instagram
tweet twitter and
whatever they do whatever they
endorse uh their followers will
also do it that's why they are called in
influencers so these are primary
sources of influences
in pop culture today
also with excel system is the more
traditional
media the mass media this includes your
television
cable television your radios your print
ads
and they are still influencing
the individual
beyond the exo system is the macro
system
so the macro system includes one's
culture
or customs your customs here in the
philippines
what are they with your customs here in
aklan what are
they so this encompasses
all people that is living in this area
this country
also your values what are the values of
a filipino okay you have your family
values you have your
nationalistic values so
these are part of the macro system
and then your loss so laws are something
that
everybody has to contend with everybody
has to follow
and so whatever the laws are here in the
philippines
is uh applicable here and
other countries will also have their own
laws okay
now uh the ecological systems theory
doesn't only just
come outward in a circle it also goes
in depth the in-depth is what you call
the chrono system
or the the importance of generation and
time
okay so you would notice that what was
what was the reality 10 years ago
is it has changed to what it is now
and 20 years ago okay so
here we recognize
the different generations of course you
have your baby boomers
your they were born during the 1970s
1960s okay
so and then you have your gen x okay
i think i am part of gen x so we
we the highlight of our lives were the
1990s
and then we have your millennials okay
they are the adults now
and then you have your seniors they are
your young adults and your teenagers
today
so we have to recognize this because
you would understand pop culture in the
philippines
better if you identify which
generation a certain individual belongs
in
so having having understood
the random brand or psychological
systems theory
we can move forward to the more
traditional
um pop culture theory
we start with the theory of mass society
so the theory of mass society began
during the 19th century
the 19th century is also called the
industrial revolution
industrial revolution is when
mankind discovered steam engine
steam steam power
and so they began to start creating
steel metal iron
you have your big factories your big
machineries
and somehow what used to be
farmlands and nature started to become
the kind of cities we see
we see now yeah lots of big buildings
and the type of works are becoming
office related and we have
factory workers industrial workers
so what like the 19th century brought
is a division of labor so
what used to be like a farmer can be a
miller
and uh also a merchant
now there is a division of labor a
merchant is a merchant a farmer is a
farmer
uh a journalist is a journalist
and as you see growing up
now our labor system our
employment has all these kinds of
new um titles right we have your
electrical engineers chemical engineers
but you also have
like district supervisors
and
computer lab technicians uh these are
new titles for jobs that were not
uh that did not exist before
then um so yes the 19th century
brought the large-scale industrial
organization
and there were concentration of urban
populations so as i've mentioned before
in our overview
pop culture began with the urban
populations
so there becomes an identity
in the cities okay now of course here in
the philippines our 19th century
is kind of different from the western
what we had were spanish era
and uh
so it was a different reality for
filipinos here
however you can still see the changes
in their culture in our culture we have
um uh the values
of proto aspect spanish and also
the filipino values uh we have
the type of dresses and what
what does what a particular filipino
spends his time
with during the spanish columnization of
the 19th century
okay so that is that is one uh new ones
that we have to
consider then we have your growing
centralization of
decision making so
when we were villages and
uh small cities the centralization of
decision making
is through small leaders
or just small group leaders
but with with the industrial revolution
with the 19th century
you have uh the centralization of
decision making
has grown to
to cover
governments and
religious organizations they influence
the lives of the people
then you have development of a complex
and
international communication system
so here they discovered the telephone
and all of a sudden you
have a way of
communicating far farther than before
you have telegraph and uh the postal
service
was in in complete service then
and so with it with with the growing
complex and international communication
system
you find a hint of globalization
you now know what's happening in other
countries
and what are the politics and what are
the
trends in other countries
then you have the growth of mass
political movements
so you have your of course during the
19th century you have your unions
the workers banding part of
fascism socialism communism
and of course democracy
it was during the 19th century that the
term math society was coined
of course we now have mass media so
mass meaning the general public right
and this was introduced by
anti-capitalists
and aristocratic ideologists
mass society term was used against the
values and practices
of industrialized society
and pop culture are often subjected to
bias
so even now
we have um oppositions from
from the pop culture from the mass
society because
of course we don't want to use our ident
uh
our personal identity
so mass society term also originated
from a general
perspective next
the there is the aristocratic theory of
mass society
so when you say aristocratic this is
the hierarchy of the ethics
the rich people the royals so
they have a theory of on their own about
the mass society
they linked it to the moral crisis
caused by the weakening
of traditional centers of authority so
your traditional centers of authority
you have your church you have your
government but then
with the with the growth of people they
started to
rebel against them now
elliot and others predicted a society
the
society dominated by tennessee masses
without centers of hierarchies
of moral or cultural absorption
this is kind of a very negative
outlook because what would what would a
society be like
if you have no moral or cultural
authority but
as as we move towards the
uh
uh bit by bit this is becoming a reality
the next theory we'll discuss is the
theory of culture
industry so now
culture itself became an industry it
became a business
okay and you have
here in the philippines you have um
music industries you have network
industries
movie industries right and
this uh culture industry was developed
by the frankfurt school
who are critical theorists and they met
they mentioned that masses are dominated
by an
all-encompassing culture industry
and obeying only to the logic of
consumer happiness
so we see the the word capitalism for
the first time
and is this kind of something that we
have to contend with
when we are studying pop culture because
consumer capitalism is saying that
the culture industry follows
the people and what the people wants
what the people
um would pay for
okay and for a while
you would see that uh
the values in entertainment and in
the pop culture is also changing
so if you if if i personally
watch netflix now there
are elements in the
[Music]
[Music]
but then they are available now
is this because of capitalism because
people would want to pay
to see these or is it something that
they would say
uh it's it's the freedom of the people
to see
the realities now of course you have to
you have to have a bit of responsibility
there because
we are also responsible for the next
generation
for the children who will be seeing
these things
on tv and yes it is a big influence in
them
as i have mentioned in brother brenner's
ecological systems
next there is the theory of progressive
evolution
the progressive evolution is a liberal
pluralist ideology it sees
economy as creating opportunities
for every individual to participate in a
culture
which is fully democratized through
mass education expansion of leisure time
chief records and paperbacks
so here we are with all the information
available to us and what would
people do with this information
um when i was in college in high school
it was so hard to to research on
something that
i am i am interested in
i have to look for it in the library i
have to look into
magazines you cannot simply find it in
there were no google search engines
so but now that any information
is just one click away how did it
change the society how did it change
the way people think so even
even the growth of people
their evolution has changed because
of the availability of information
now with this i have heard
terminology such as woke or
snowflake or castle culture
and the thing about these is that it
pertains to
a postmodern ideology and
a bit of
a left-wing ideology so when you say
left-wing it is a bit of marxism
wherein uh you look into
way people
think about okay for example
um i would i would be watching
something like i don't know if you know
duck dynasty
and i i like the people there they
they're funny and the patriarch was
an interesting guy who built a dynasty
who built an empire
out of uh an instrument for
calling ducks okay so these are kind of
hilly buildings with
long hair and long beards and the
patriarchs
imagine something that connotes to
the lgbtq community in a negative way
and then the doc dynasty tv series was
cancelled
um there are a lot of elements that went
into that
one is that people especially
from the probably the lgbtq
community protested
against the network against the
production
and also the tv
tv networks now are trying to
put themselves in a in a place
where they are um
they are pleasing the consumer
capitalists
so instead of losing these consumer
capitalists
they would simply cancel one tv show
and then you would have heard of
snowflake
so snowflake is your
your sensitivity okay and the problem
with this is that um
you cannot take everything personally
okay uh if if something
uh hurts us or um
negativity to a certain specific
can't just go marching and
talking about it right we have uh
i i guess it was technology that
facilitated this
and somehow you would see that it is
also
a power struggle a power struggle and
forms of bullying you've heard of
cyberbullying also
then it also goes after the reputation
of individuals so they would
they would attack somebody to
destroy their reputation
and usually the fundamental guide here
is power if that happens
your individuality um disappears
right now part of the mob regarding that
mass society and
the individual becomes the mountains of
their roof
and it's a power struggle between
so it's something that
in the long run is
detrimental to a society
and it will it it only looks
for what was what has evolved into
a modern world
i hope i i was able to explain that
sensitively and
would end my talk today with
an activity for you guys this is
uh what we're going to do is a mind map
a mind map is a good exercise for us to
visualize what we have learned during
this lecture
so in the middle of the mind now is the
the main idea that you got from this
lecture
and you can you can let it go
go beyond and branch out into other
ideas
and you don't have to use lines on a
notebook to do this
because like a notebook would kind of
control your
your thinking too much but with a blank
piece of paper
and just drawing lines and
nothing letting your ideas
have uh go into details
right uh supporting details it can
give you a very good picture of what you
have learned
from this lecture and i will end my
lecture here and hope to see
or i will see you on our next one
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