ARTS Grade 9 (1st Quarter MAPEH) - Architectures from the Ancient Periods
Summary
TLDRThis lesson delves into the architectural marvels of ancient classical and medieval art periods. It begins with prehistoric megalithic structures like menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs, highlighting Stonehenge. It then traverses through Egyptian pyramids and mastabas, Greek temples with Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders exemplified by the Parthenon, Roman innovations like concrete and the Colosseum, Byzantine mosaics and Hagia Sophia, and concludes with Gothic architecture featuring pointed arches and the Cathedral of Chartres. The lesson is a comprehensive journey through the evolution of architectural styles.
Takeaways
- 🏰 The last module in the arts series focuses on architectural structures from ancient classical and medieval periods.
- 🗿 Prehistoric architecture featured megaliths, large stone structures like menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs, often associated with divinity.
- 🌟 The famous Stonehenge is an example of a prehistoric megalithic monument, likely used for rituals.
- 🔺 Egyptian architecture, emerging in 4000 BC, is known for pyramids like the Pyramids of Giza, which served as funerary structures for kings.
- 🏛 Egyptian mastabas were flat-roofed, rectangular tombs made of mud bricks or stone, a precursor to the pyramid.
- 🏟 The Greek period introduced temple architecture with three distinct orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, exemplified by the Parthenon.
- 🏛 Roman architecture, peaking during Pax Romana, innovated with concrete and structures like the Colosseum for public games.
- 🕍 Byzantine era architecture perfected mosaic decoration and the use of clerestory windows, as seen in Hagia Sophia.
- 🏰 The Gothic era introduced pointed arches and ribbed vaults, allowing for taller structures, with Chartres Cathedral being a notable example.
- 📚 Students are encouraged to engage with the material through online activities or answer sheets after the discussion of these topics.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of the last module in the arts series?
-The primary focus of the last module in the arts series is to explore different architectural structures made during the ancient classical and medieval art periods.
What does the term 'megalith' refer to in the context of prehistoric architecture?
-In the context of prehistoric architecture, 'megalith' refers to large stone blocks, derived from the Greek words 'lithos' meaning stone and 'megas' meaning big, used in the construction of various structures.
What are the three types of megalithic stones mentioned in the script?
-The three types of megalithic stones mentioned are menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs.
What is the significance of menhir stones in prehistoric architecture?
-Menhir stones are upright monumental stones, standing alone or in a group, and are significant as they represent an early form of monumental art, often associated with rituals or as markers.
Describe the structure of a dolmen as mentioned in the script.
-A dolmen is a structure consisting of two large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab on top, believed to have served as a grave or an altar.
What does the term 'cromlech' signify and what is its characteristic shape?
-Cromlech is a term derived from the Breton words 'curm' meaning bent or curved and 'lech' meaning slab or flagstone, signifying a circle of standing stones, often arranged in a circular form.
Which ancient megalithic monument is shown in the script and where is it located?
-The Stonehenge is the ancient megalithic monument shown in the script, located in southern England.
What is the significance of the Pyramids of Giza in Egyptian architecture?
-The Pyramids of Giza are significant as they are the funerary structures of the three kings of the Fourth Dynasty and are iconic examples of ancient Egyptian monumental architecture.
What are the three architectural orders of ancient Greek temples?
-The three architectural orders of ancient Greek temples are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each characterized by distinct column and capital designs.
How does the Parthenon exemplify classical Greek architecture?
-The Parthenon exemplifies classical Greek architecture through its use of the Doric order, the golden ratio, and its role as a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.
What innovation in building material was significant during the Roman era?
-The significant innovation in building material during the Roman era was the use of concrete, which allowed for the construction of larger and more complex structures.
What is the primary use of the Colosseum in Roman architecture?
-The primary use of the Colosseum in Roman architecture was as an arena for public games, spectacles, and processions.
How did the Byzantine era contribute to the evolution of architectural design?
-The Byzantine era contributed to architectural design by perfecting mosaic decoration and the use of clerestory windows to bring light into buildings.
What is the Hagia Sophia and what is its significance?
-The Hagia Sophia is a famous Byzantine structure in Istanbul, Turkey, built in 537 A.D., known for its architectural innovation and as a symbol of Byzantine architectural and artistic achievement.
What are the two new architectural devices introduced during the Gothic era?
-The two new architectural devices introduced during the Gothic era are the pointed arch and the ribbed vault, which enabled the construction of taller buildings with more complex structural systems.
What is the significance of the Cathedral of Chartres in Gothic architecture?
-The Cathedral of Chartres is significant in Gothic architecture for its use of the pointed arch, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, which are characteristic of the era and exemplify the height and grandeur of Gothic cathedrals.
Outlines
🏰 Ancient Architectural Styles
This paragraph introduces the last module of an arts course, focusing on architectural structures from the ancient classical and medieval periods. It discusses prehistoric architecture, particularly megaliths, which are large stone structures like menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. The paragraph also touches on the development of architecture during the Egyptian period, highlighting the pyramids of Giza and the mastaba tombs. It then briefly mentions the transition to Greek architecture, characterized by temples with columns and three distinct orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
🏟️ Roman, Byzantine, and Gothic Architecture
The second paragraph delves into Roman architecture, noting its peak during Pax Romana and innovations like concrete. The Colosseum is highlighted as a significant structure from this era. The Byzantine period is characterized by advancements in mosaic decoration and the use of light through high windows, exemplified by the Hagia Sophia. The Gothic era is introduced with its unique architectural features like pointed arches and ribbed vaults, with the Cathedral of Chartres as a notable example. The paragraph concludes with instructions for students to complete activities related to the arts module, either online or through a written answer sheet.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Megaliths
💡Menhirs
💡Dolmens
💡Cromlechs
💡Egyptian Architecture
💡Mastaba
💡Architectural Orders
💡Doric Order
💡Ionic Order
💡Corinthian Order
💡Roman Architecture
💡Byzantine Era
💡Gothic Architecture
Highlights
Focus on architectural structures from ancient classical and medieval art periods.
Prehistoric architecture featured megaliths, large stone structures.
Megalithic monuments, such as menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs, were significant during prehistoric times.
Menhirs are upright monumental stones, standing alone or in groups.
Dolmens are table-like structures with two large stones supporting a horizontal slab, possibly used as graves or altars.
Cromlechs are circular arrangements of standing stones, like a combination of menhirs and dolmens.
Stonehenge is an ancient megalithic monument in southern England, likely used for rituals.
Egyptian architecture emerged post-prehistoric period, with pyramids as a hallmark.
Pyramids of Giza are funerary structures for the kings of the Fourth Dynasty.
Mastabas are flat-roofed, rectangular tombs with sloping sides, made of mud bricks or stone.
Greek architecture is known for temples with columns and three distinct orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
Doric style is characterized by fluted columns with a convex circular molding.
Ionic style features columns with scrolled capitals, easily recognizable.
Corinthian style uses ornate capitals with acanthus leaves and small scrolls.
The Parthenon is a famous classical Greek structure that utilized the golden ratio.
Roman architecture peaked during Pax Romana, with concrete as a significant innovation.
The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheater, was used for public games and processions.
Byzantine era perfected mosaic decoration and the use of clerestory windows for light.
Hagia Sophia is a famous work from the Byzantine period, built in 537 A.D. in Istanbul.
Gothic architecture introduced pointed arches and ribbed vaults, allowing for taller structures.
Cathedral of Chartres is a renowned structure from the Gothic period.
Completion of the arts module topics for the first quarter.
Students are directed to complete activities for Arts Module 3, either online or via answer sheets.
Transcripts
this is the last module in arts which
is module 3 and in this lesson we will
focus on the different architectural
structures
made during the ancient classical and
medieval art periods
this is the continuation of our arts
module 1 in module 2 lessons
the main focus of this last module
lesson is the different architectural
styles developed
during the ancient classical and
medieval period
first let's talk about the prehistoric
architecture
during this time man has developed a
form of architecture
based on megaliths which is a big rock
from the greek word lithos meaning stone
and megas meaning big
this architecture is made of huge stone
blocks
which were probably intended for boreal
megalithic monuments have always ignited
man's imagination
it provided plenty of legends and
superstition
during this era stones and rocks were
associated
with divinity
during the prehistoric period three
types of megalith stones were developed
the men here dolmens and chromelec
let's first talk about the main hair
stones men hear stones are an upright
monumental stone
standing by itself or in a group
the stones are standing vertically or in
an upright position
and they are sometimes a group of many
stones or
only one standing stone
the second type of megalith stone is
called the dolmens
these structures are in the form of
table consisting of two huge standing
stones
supporting a horizontal giant stone
it is believed that it is served as a
grave or as an
altar so as you can see in the picture
dolmen stones ai parang a table or manga
stones
form or table during this time
a doll means
altar
and the last kind of megalith stone is
called the chromelec
chromelec is a braytonic word where
chrome means
bent or curved and lek means slab
or flagstones it is a circle of standing
stones
as you can see in the picture chromeleck
stones
combination men here at dolmens
pero they are in a circular form or
paiko tankaka
this structure in the picture is called
the stonehenge
this is an ancient megalithic monument
in southern england
probably used in rituals
after the prehistoric period the
egyptian architecture emerged
this architectural style was developed
during the pre-dynastic period
in 4000 bc and of course
kappapinagusapa non-egyptian
architectures
and famous structure in the gawanila are
the pyramids
one of the most famous pyramids in
nagawa during this period
is called the pyramids of giza
these three pyramids in the pyramids of
giza
are the funerary structures of the three
kings of the fourth dynasty
aside from the pyramids egyptian people
also made what they called as mastaba
it is a type of egyptian tomb in the
form of a flat roofed
rectangular structure with outward
sloping sides
it was made of mud bricks or stone
paraben pyramid pero
after egyptian period is the greek
period
the most famous architecture during this
period
are temples that consist of a central
shrine or room in an
isle surrounded by a row of columns
these buildings were designed in one of
three architectural style
or orders the doric
ionic and corinthian
three kinds of orders
buildings
now let's see the difference among the
three architectural
orders first is the doric style
this is typically characterized by a
float column
having a capital convex circular molding
supporting a square slab or abacus
second is the ionic style it can be most
easily recognized
by the scrolled capital on top of the
columns
and the last one is the corinthian style
it uses a column topped with an ornate
capital
with acanthus leaves and small scrolls
one of the most famous architectural
structure
made in the greek period is the
parthenon
this is a classical greek architecture
that used
the golden ratio the word petra in greek
means stone which are easily found in
this area
and used in their structures
after the greek period comes the roman
era
the roman architecture was at its peak
during pax romana
tax romana is the period in which the
roman empire
didn't expand and wasn't invaded
this is the architecture of the nordic
tribes that besieged the roman
empire napoleon bonaparte commissioned
several works that would in a sense
recreate paris
as a new rome and also
concrete was the biggest innovation of
roman architecture
one of the most famous structure made
during the roman period is
the colosseum it is also known as
flavian amphitheater
mostly used as arenas for public games
buts and procession
next period is the byzantine era
during this time mosaic decoration was
perfected
by the byzantines as was the use of
claire's story
to bring light in from high windows
one of the most famous work in this
period is the hagia sofia
also known as holy wisdom of istanbul
turkey
it was built in 537 a.d
by isidoros and anthem use
and now the last period is the gothic
era
the term gothic was first used by a
florentine historiographer
named giorgio vasari this architecture
design included
two new devices pointed arch
which enabled builders to construct much
higher sailing vaults
and stone vaulting born on a network of
stone ribs
supported by peers and clustered pillars
one of the most famous structure in this
period is a cathedral
named cathedral of chartres
and that ends all our topics in arts for
the first quarter
now here are the activities that you
need to do in arts module 3.
you may answer them online in the links
that i will post in our fb group
or if you cannot answer online just
write an answer sheet
here are the activities for this last
arts module
these are all a total of 20 items after
our discussion
you may proceed in answering all the
activities and
we will start with another module next
meeting
Weitere ähnliche Videos ansehen
ARTS - Module 1 ( Western Classical Art Traditions) Grade 9
(PART 2) CHAPTER 3: WESTERN ART HISTORY
Differences between Romanesque and Gothic Architecture || Medieval Art History
The classical orders
EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE-HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 5 -GATE ARCHITECTURE TUTORIAL
ARTS Grade 9 (1st Quarter MAPEH)-Western Classical Art Sculptures of Medieval, Renaissance & Baroque
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)