Artigo Científico: Entendendo a estrutura. Papo Científico | Anatomia e etc

Anatomia e etc. com Natalia Reinecke
23 Jul 201707:46

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script outlines the structure of a scientific article, guiding viewers through sections like the title, authors, abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. It emphasizes the importance of understanding each part, from the significance of a p-value in results to the role of references. Aimed at enhancing comprehension of scientific literature, the script encourages engagement with scientific research.

Takeaways

  • 🔍 Scientific articles are structured in a standard way to facilitate understanding and navigation.
  • 📝 The title of a scientific article often conveys the most important finding or the main objective of the work.
  • 👤 Authors are listed after the title, with numbers linking to their affiliations which are detailed elsewhere in the article.
  • 📑 The abstract summarizes the entire work, highlighting the main points, objectives, results, and conclusion.
  • 📘 Introductions set the stage for the main subject of the article, providing context and objectives.
  • 🔬 The 'Materials and Methods' or 'Methodology' section details the techniques, materials, and procedures used in the research.
  • 📊 'Results' section presents the findings, often accompanied by graphs and tables, and includes statistical analysis to determine relevance.
  • ✅ A 'p-value' less than 0.05 indicates a statistically significant result, a key concept in scientific research.
  • 🔍 The 'Discussion' interprets the results in light of existing literature and provides theoretical explanations for the findings.
  • 🔚 'Conclusion' offers the author's opinion on the main findings and often suggests directions for future research.
  • 📚 'References' lists all sources cited in the article, formatted according to the journal's style.

Q & A

  • What is the primary purpose of a scientific article's title?

    -The title of a scientific article typically conveys the most important finding or the main objective of the work, aiming to capture the reader's attention and encourage them to continue reading the article.

  • Why are authors and their affiliations important in a scientific article?

    -Authors and their affiliations are crucial as they provide credibility to the research and allow readers to understand the context and institution backing the study. They are linked with numbers that correspond to their institutions, which are detailed elsewhere in the article.

  • What does the abstract of a scientific article summarize?

    -The abstract summarizes the entire work, highlighting the main points of the objectives, results, and conclusion. It serves as a quick overview for readers to determine if the article is of interest and worth reading in full.

  • What is the role of the introduction section in a scientific article?

    -The introduction section introduces the main topic of the article in a way that allows the reader to understand the context and sets the stage for the rest of the article. It also includes the rationale for conducting the study and the objectives of the research.

  • Why is the methodology section crucial in a scientific article?

    -The methodology section is crucial as it details the techniques, materials, equipment, and procedures used in the research. This information is essential for understanding the research process and for other researchers to potentially replicate the study.

  • What does the results section of a scientific article contain?

    -The results section presents the findings from the research, often including graphs and tables. It also includes the statistical analysis of the work, which is used to determine the relevance of the results.

  • What does a 'p-value' signify in the context of scientific research?

    -In scientific research, a 'p-value' less than 0.05 indicates that a result is statistically significant, meaning that the observed difference or effect is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone.

  • How do symbols like asterisks in scientific articles typically function?

    -Symbols like asterisks are often used to denote statistical significance, indicating that there was a difference when comparing two groups in a specific analysis.

  • What is the purpose of the discussion section in a scientific article?

    -The discussion section is where authors interpret the results, comparing them with existing literature and theoretical foundations. It aims to explain why the results were obtained and places them in the context of the broader scientific discourse.

  • Why are limitations important to mention in a scientific article?

    -Mentioning limitations in a scientific article is important for transparency and to provide a balanced view of the research. It acknowledges the constraints of the study and can guide future research to address these limitations.

  • What can readers expect to find in the conclusion of a scientific article?

    -The conclusion of a scientific article typically summarizes the main findings and the author's opinion on the significance of the results. It often includes suggestions for future research.

  • Why are references important at the end of a scientific article?

    -References are important as they provide a list of all the sources cited in the article, allowing readers to trace the origins of the information and ideas presented, and to verify the claims made by the authors.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding Scientific Article Structure

This paragraph introduces the structure of a scientific article, emphasizing that most scientific articles follow a similar organization to facilitate understanding. The speaker uses their own published article as an example, highlighting the importance of the title, which often conveys the main finding or objective of the study. Titles should grab the reader's attention and prompt them to continue reading. The paragraph also mentions authors and their affiliations, which are linked to numbers that correspond to institutions within the article. The speaker suggests starting with the abstract to gauge interest in the full article. The abstract summarizes the main points, including objectives, results, and conclusions. The speaker then briefly describes the subsequent sections: introduction, materials and methods, results, and the importance of understanding the methodology for reproducibility and grasping results. The paragraph concludes with an overview of the statistical significance discussed in the results section, with a focus on p-values and their interpretation.

05:01

📊 Significance Symbols and Scientific Discussion

Paragraph two delves into the representation of statistical significance in scientific articles, often indicated by symbols like asterisks. The speaker explains that these symbols denote differences found in statistical analyses, such as comparing pre- and post-exercise nitric oxide levels between healthy and diseased groups. The significance of each symbol is detailed in the footnotes of figures or tables. After results are presented, authors engage in a discussion section where they confront and contextualize their findings with existing literature. The discussion aims to explain the results based on theoretical foundations without direct interpretation, which is reserved for the conclusion. The speaker also mentions that discussions often include the work's limitations. The conclusion summarizes the author's perspective on the main findings and may suggest future research directions. The paragraph ends by noting that after the conclusion, there are bibliographic references formatted according to the journal's style, which list all sources cited in the article.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Scientific Article

A scientific article is a formal document that presents original research, reviews existing research, or offers new insights in a specific field of study. In the video, the speaker discusses the structure of a scientific article, which is crucial for understanding how scientific findings are communicated. The article serves as the primary medium for researchers to share their work with the scientific community.

💡Title

The title of a scientific article is its heading and is meant to capture the essence of the research in a concise manner. It often includes the most significant finding or the main objective of the work. In the script, the speaker mentions that a good title grabs the reader's attention and encourages them to continue reading the article, as exemplified by the title 'Exercise Capacity in Polycystic Kidney Disease'.

💡Authors

Authors are the individuals who have contributed to the research and writing of a scientific article. They are listed at the beginning of the article, and their affiliations are often indicated by numbers corresponding to institutions. The script explains that authors are integral to the article as they are responsible for the research and are accountable for the findings presented.

💡Abstract

An abstract is a brief summary of a scientific article that highlights the main points, including the objectives, results, and conclusion. It serves as a quick overview for readers to determine if the full article is of interest. The speaker in the video suggests reading the abstract first to gauge the relevance of the article to the reader's interests.

💡Introduction

The introduction section of a scientific article sets the stage for the research by providing background information and stating the main topic. It also includes the rationale for the study and the objectives of the research. In the script, the introduction is described as a way to give readers a preliminary understanding of the article's content.

💡Methodology

Methodology refers to the methods, techniques, materials, and procedures used in conducting a scientific study. This section is crucial as it allows other researchers to understand how the study was conducted and potentially replicate the procedures. The speaker mentions that even if one is not from the same field, having a general overview of the methodology is important for grasping the study's results.

💡Results

The results section presents the findings obtained from the research, often accompanied by graphs, tables, and statistical analysis. This section is factual and objective, detailing what was discovered during the study. The script mentions that understanding the significance of statistical results, such as p-values, is important for interpreting the relevance of the findings.

💡Statistical Significance

Statistical significance is a measure used in research to determine if results are not due to chance. A common threshold for significance is a p-value less than 0.05, indicating that the result is likely not a random occurrence. The video script uses this concept to explain how researchers assess the relevance of their findings.

💡Discussion

The discussion section of a scientific article interprets and elaborates on the results. It compares the findings with existing literature and theoretical frameworks to provide context and explain the implications of the results. The speaker in the video emphasizes that this section is where researchers discuss their results in the broader context of scientific knowledge.

💡Conclusion

A conclusion in a scientific article summarizes the main findings and offers the author's perspective on the significance of the results. It often includes recommendations for future research. The script describes the conclusion as the section where the author synthesizes the research and provides insights into the study's outcomes.

💡References

References are the citations of all the sources used in a scientific article. They are listed at the end of the article and are formatted according to the style guide of the journal in which the article is published. The speaker mentions that references are essential for giving credit to the original sources of information and for allowing readers to trace the research background.

Highlights

Introduction to the structure of a scientific article

Articles are organized into sections for easier understanding

The importance of reading the abstract first to gauge interest in the article

The title of the article usually conveys the main finding or objective

Authors are listed with affiliations indicated by numbers

The introduction section sets the stage for the rest of the article

Materials and methods section details the methodology and procedures

Results section presents findings, including graphs and statistical analysis

A p-value less than 0.05 indicates a statistically significant result

Discussion section compares results with existing literature and theoretical foundations

Limitations of the study are often discussed towards the end of the article

Conclusion section summarizes the main findings and may suggest future research

References section lists all sources cited in the article

Most scientific publications are in English, but the structure is the same in other languages

The importance of understanding the structure to effectively read and review scientific articles

The video provides a practical example of a scientific article structure

Engagement call to like and comment on the video for more scientific content

Transcripts

play00:00

Olá pessoal tudo bem com vocês hoje em

play00:02

mais um papo científico a gente vai

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falar sobre a estrutura de um artigo

play00:08

[Música]

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científico bom a maior parte dos artigos

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científicos são organizados da mesma

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maneira eles são divididos em tópicos

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que facilitam o entendimento daquele

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artigo e conhecer mais ou menos a

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respeito do que cada um desses tópicos

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abordam ajuda e muito na hora de você

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ler um artigo científico a gente vai

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abrir um artigo aqui pra gente entender

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um pouco melhor e conseguir visualizar

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esses tópicos conforme eu for falando

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deles então o artigo que a gente vai ver

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aqui é um artigo publicado por mim mesma

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no meu mestrado e ele foi publicado na

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língua inglesa Mas já dá pra gente

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entender um pouco melhor a respeito da

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estrutura de um artigo científico

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Lembrando que eu falei no último vídeo

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falando a respeito de publicações

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científicas que a maior parte dessas

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publicações é feita na língua inglesa

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mas os artigos publicados em português

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também vão seguir o mesmo padrão Então a

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primeira coisa que a gente se depara

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quando a gente abre um artigo científico

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é no título daquele trabalho no título

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daquele artigo o título do artigo

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geralmente Traz algo como o achado mais

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importante do trabalho ou o objetivo

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principal do trabalho bons títulos

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geralmente chamam a atenção do leitor

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para que ele queira continuar lendo

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aquele artigo no caso desse artigo aqui

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que a gente tá usando como exemplo o

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título é a capacidade de exercício na

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doença renal policística logo depois do

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título a gente tem aqui também os

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autores que fizeram parte daquele

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trabalho e os autores que fizeram parte

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do trabalho eles vão estar sempre

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linkados aí com um numer inho do lado

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dos nomes dos autores que vai mostrar

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qual instituição aquele autor pertence

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Então se vocês procurarem vai ter algum

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lugar aí no artigo científico onde

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aquele numer inho vai aparecer novamente

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para que vocês possam ver aí enxergar de

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onde que são cada um daqueles autores

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depois disso a gente tem o resumo do

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trabalho que Como o próprio nome diz

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resume o trabalho como um todo trazendo

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os pontos principais dos objetivos dos

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resultados e da conclusão uma boa dica é

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você ler primeiro o resumo do trabalho

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para ver se ele realmente te interessa e

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para ver se realmente vale a pena você

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ler aquele artigo inteiro depois do

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resumo a gente começa com um trabalho

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mesmo propriamente dito e a primeira

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parte desse trabalho é a introdução na

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introdução a gente tem o assunto

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principal daquele artigo sendo

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introduzido de maneira que o leitor

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consiga entender pelo menos em parte o

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restante do artigo no final da

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introdução também é comum a gente

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encontrar a justificativo porque aquele

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trabalho foi feito e quais que foram os

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objetivos do trabalho depois da

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introdução Geralmente vem os materiais e

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método ou a metodologia eu disse

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geralmente porque algumas revistas

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específicas pedem que a metodologia seja

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trazida no final do artigo depois dos

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resultados mas na maior parte das

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revistas a metodologia vai vir logo

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depois da introdução aqui nós

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encontramos toda a metodologia do

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trabalho assim como as técnicas

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materiais equipamentos e procedimentos

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utilizados para realizar aquela pesquisa

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é uma parte bem técnica e se você não

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for exatamente daquela área não se

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preocupe se você não entender exatamente

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todas as técnicas que estão sendo

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realizadas o importante é você ter um

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Panorama geral a respeito daquilo que

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eles fizeram naquele trabalho para que

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você entenda os resultados Depois ainda

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assim essa parte do trabalho precisa ser

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muito bem descrita porque se algum outro

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pesquisador quiser reproduzir algum

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procedimento que você fez ele precisa

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conseguir fazer isso a próxima sessão é

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a dos resultados onde os autores

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explicam e expõem os resultados obtidos

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para cada análise que eles fizeram aqui

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também a gente encontra gráficos e

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tabelas assim como os resultados do

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trabalho analisados estatisticamente A

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análise estatística é feita para saber

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se aquele resultado foi relevante ou não

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mesmo que você não entenda de análise

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estatística para você pelo menos ter uma

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noção quando você for ler algum trabalho

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quando tiver indicado que algum

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resultado teve um valor de p menor do

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que

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0,05 significa que aquele resultado foi

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estatisticamente significante e na área

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da ciência a gente só considera

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realmente relevante algo que tenha

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significância estatística o p menor que

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0,05 é o parâmetro normalmente utilizado

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mas a gente tem pesquisas que são mais

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estritas ainda e que consideram valores

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menores do que esse o meu objetivo aqui

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não é ficar explicando análise

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estatística é só dar uma noção para

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vocês porque quando vocês forem ler um

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trabalho vocês vão ver em algum lugar

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dos resultados escrito que aquele valor

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aquela diferença aquele resultado tem um

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p menor do que

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0,05 e quando vocês virem isso saibam

play05:01

que isso significa que aquele resultado

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é um resultado estatisticamente

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significante para demonstrar

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significância estatística muitos autores

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utilizam alguns símbolos como asteriscos

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por exemplo para mostrar que houve

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diferença quando ele comparou os dois

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grupos naquela análise específica então

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por exemplo nessa análise estatística eu

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comparei os níveis di óxido nítrico

play05:25

antes e depois do exercício em um grupo

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saudável e um grupo doente e a gente vê

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aqui que esse segundo ponto possui um

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asterisco e um joguinho da velha esses

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símbolos significam que houve diferença

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estatística neste valor em comparação

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com antes do exercício e quando eu

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comparo Um grupo com o outro o

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significado de cada um desses símbolos

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você pode encontrar no rodapé de cada

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imagem ou de cada tabela depois de Expor

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os resultados os autores discutem a

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respeito dos resultados obtidos Então a

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gente tem a discussão onde aqueles

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resultados são discutidos confrontados

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com aquilo que já foi encontrado e já

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existe na literatura científica e

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tenta-se explicar com base em

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fundamentação teórica o porquê do autor

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ter chegado naqueles resultados vejam

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que aqui os resultados eles são

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discutidos Mas eles ainda não são

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interpretados Isso vai ser feito lá na

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frente na conclusão geralmente também no

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final da discussão a gente encontra as

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limitações daquele trabalho porque

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convenhamos nenhhum trabalho científico

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é perfeito né e por fim chegamos à

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conclusão onde o autor coloca a sua

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opinião a respeito dos principais

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resultados encontrados naquele trabalho

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e geralmente você também encontra

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sugestões para pesquisas futuras na

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conclusão termina a redação do artigo em

play06:55

si Mas vocês vão ver que depois da

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conclusão a gente ainda tem tem as

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referências bibliográficas onde todas as

play07:03

fontes citadas naquele artigo são

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colocadas aí em uma formatação que vai

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depender um pouco da revista em que

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aquele artigo foi publicado É isso aí

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pessoal agora você já consegue entender

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o que é o título o resumo a introdução a

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metodologia a discussão os resultados e

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a conclusão de um trabalho científico se

play07:25

você gostou desse vídeo Não esquece de

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dar um joinha aqui embaixo e comentar tá

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se você tem gostado dos papos

play07:31

científicos e desse conteúdo novo que a

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gente tem trazido aí para vocês eu vou

play07:35

ficando por aqui e até o próximo vídeo

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