Understanding the Self - Sociological Perspective of the Self (The Self, Society, and Culture)
Summary
TLDRIn this video lesson, students are introduced to the sociological perspective of the self, focusing on the relationship between self, society, and culture. The instructor discusses key sociologists like George Mead, Charles Cooley, and Erving Goffman, explaining how the self develops through social interaction and experiences. The lesson explores Mead's theory of the social self, Cooley's concept of the looking glass self, and Goffman's ideas on impression management. Through these theories, students learn how societal expectations and interactions shape identity. An activity encourages students to reflect on their self-development across different life stages.
Takeaways
- đ The lesson covers the sociological perspective of the self, focusing on how society, culture, and institutions shape personal identity.
- đ The self is influenced by social interactions, communication, and experiences with others.
- đ§ George Meadâs theory of the social self highlights that the self is inseparable from society and develops through social experiences.
- đ„ Mead proposes three stages in the development of the self: preparatory, play, and game stages, each marking different levels of social interaction and internalization of roles.
- đĄ Charles Cooleyâs 'Looking Glass Self' theory explains that individuals form their sense of self based on how they believe others perceive them.
- đ Erving Goffmanâs theory of dramaturgy suggests that life is like a stage where individuals perform roles depending on the audience and social setting.
- đ According to Mead, the 'I' represents spontaneity and personal desires, while the 'Me' reflects socialized behavior and societal expectations.
- đ Cooley emphasizes that self-perception is shaped through interactions, reflecting how others see us, which we internalize into our self-identity.
- đŹ Goffman differentiates between 'front stage' behavior, where individuals perform social roles, and 'backstage' behavior, where they act without an audience.
- đ€ The self is a social construction, dependent on the situation and the impressions we wish to convey to others, highlighting the concept of impression management.
Q & A
What is the main focus of lesson two in the video?
-The main focus of lesson two is the sociological perspective of the self, examining the relationship between the self, society, and culture, and how they shape one's identity.
What activity are students asked to complete in the module on page 50?
-Students are asked to paste pictures of themselves from elementary, high school, and college, and list characteristics they remember about themselves during those stages to observe any differences.
What was the purpose of the story about the five monkeys?
-The story of the five monkeys illustrates how societal norms and behaviors can be followed blindly without understanding the reasons behind them, relating to how culture and society influence individual behavior.
Who conducted the experiment about the five monkeys and what was its significance?
-The experiment was conducted by G.R. Stephenson in 1967, titled 'Cultural Acquisition of a Specific Learned Response Among Rhesus Monkeys,' demonstrating how learned behaviors are passed down in a group, even without direct experience.
What are the three sociologists discussed in the lesson?
-The three sociologists discussed are George Mead, Charles Cooley, and Erving Goffman, each exploring different aspects of how society and culture shape the self.
What is George Mead's theory of the social self?
-George Mead's theory of the social self suggests that the self emerges from social experiences and interactions, particularly through communication. He emphasizes that the self is inseparable from society and develops through social experiences.
According to George Mead, what are the three stages in the development of the self?
-According to George Mead, the three stages in the development of the self are the preparatory stage, the play stage (where children imitate significant others), and the game stage (where children understand organized roles in society).
What is the 'looking glass self' according to Charles Cooley?
-The 'looking glass self' is a concept by Charles Cooley that suggests individuals develop their sense of self by reflecting on how they believe others perceive and evaluate them.
What is Erving Goffmanâs concept of 'impression management'?
-Erving Goffmanâs concept of 'impression management' refers to how individuals manage and control the impressions others form of them, acting differently in front-stage (public) and backstage (private) situations.
How does Erving Goffman describe social interactions using theatrical metaphors?
-Erving Goffman describes social interactions as theatrical performances where people play roles (front stage) to manage impressions in social settings, while the backstage is where individuals can behave without the pressure of societal expectations.
Outlines
đ Introduction to Sociological Perspective of the Self
The video introduces students to the sociological perspective of the self, focusing on how society and culture influence an individual's identity. Students are expected to analyze the relationship between self, society, and culture, and reflect on how institutions shape the self. The video also includes an activity asking students to compare themselves at different life stagesâelementary, high school, and collegeâby recalling their characteristics during these times.
đ” The Five Monkeys Experiment: Cultural Conditioning
This paragraph describes a story about a group of monkeys subjected to an experiment where each time a monkey tries to climb a ladder, the group is punished with cold water. Over time, even without experiencing the punishment themselves, the monkeys discourage others from climbing the ladder, reflecting how cultural conditioning can persist without understanding the original reason. The narrator asks if this kind of behavior resonates with human experiences, where people follow societal norms without questioning their origins.
đ§ Theories of the Social Self by George Mead
George Mead's theory of the social self is explored, which posits that the self is developed through social interactions and communication. Mead argues that the self is not innate but emerges from experiences with society. The theory is built on key points: the self emerges from social experience, is not part of the body, and is developed through communication. Mead also highlights the 'I' and 'Me,' where the 'I' is spontaneous and individualistic, while the 'Me' is shaped by societal expectations.
đïž The Looking Glass Self by Charles Cooley
This paragraph introduces Charles Cooley's 'Looking Glass Self' theory, which suggests that individuals develop their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them. The metaphor of mirrors is used to explain how different people reflect different aspects of an individual, like friends viewing someone as strong, parents seeing them as angelic, or online friends perceiving them negatively. These reflections help form a person's self-identity.
đ Dramaturgy and Impression Management by Erving Goffman
Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory is presented, where he compares daily social interactions to theatrical performances. Individuals play roles on the 'front stage' (public) to control how others perceive them, while their 'backstage' (private) behavior is unseen. Goffman also introduces the concept of impression management, where people consciously manage the impressions they give to their audience, adapting behavior to fit societal expectations. The theory emphasizes the fluid and situational nature of the self.
đŹ Conclusion: Sociological Perspective of the Self
The video concludes by reiterating that the self is socially constructed and varies depending on the situation. Students are reminded that the next lesson will focus on the psychological perspective of the self. The instructor encourages students to reach out with questions and provides contact information.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄSociological Perspective of the Self
đĄSelf
đĄSociety
đĄCulture
đĄSocial Interaction
đĄGeorge Mead's Theory of the Social Self
đĄLooking Glass Self
đĄImpression Management
đĄPreparatory Stage
đĄGame Stage
Highlights
Introduction to the sociological perspective of the self, focusing on the relationship between the self, society, and culture.
Activity 2: 'Myself Through the Years' where students compare themselves at different stagesâelementary, high school, and collegeâand list characteristics.
Analysis section: Students reflect on similarities and differences in their characteristics through various life stages.
Story of the five monkeys: An experiment demonstrating how societal norms persist, even without understanding their origins.
Connection between the monkey experiment and real-life behavior: People often follow social norms without questioning them.
Introduction to George Mead's theory of the social self, emphasizing that the self emerges from social experiences.
Mead's concept that the self is inseparable from society and develops through communication with others.
Stages of self-development according to Mead: Preparatory stage, play stage, and game stage, each building on how children interact with significant others.
The dual nature of the selfâ'I' (spontaneous) and 'Me' (socialized)âexplained as part of Mead's theory.
Introduction to Charles Cooley's 'Looking Glass Self' theory, where oneâs self-perception is shaped by how they believe others see them.
The 'Looking Glass Self' metaphor of different mirrors representing the perceptions of others, such as friends, parents, or colleagues.
Erving Goffman's theory of social interaction as performance, with the concepts of front stage (public self) and backstage (private self).
Goffman's idea of 'impression management,' where people try to control how others perceive them during interactions.
Explanation of how the self is socially constructed and how different roles are performed depending on the situation.
Conclusion: The self is shaped by society and social experiences, leading into the next lesson on the psychological perspective of the self.
Transcripts
hello students and welcome back to our
class
in this video we will discuss lesson two
of chapter one
sociological perspective of the self
after this lassoing students are
expected to
explain the relationship between and
among the self
society and culture describe and discuss
the different ways by which society and
culture
shape the self compare and contrast how
the self can be influenced
by the different institutions in the
society
and lastly examine oneself against the
different views of the self
that we're discussed in the class
before we proceed with our discussion i
want you to look at page 50 of your
module
you will see activity 2 myself through
the years
so i want you to do a space a picture of
you when you were in
elementary in high school and now that
you are in college
below the picture let's do some list
down some characteristics of you that
you remember
so just pay some photos of you when you
were inventory high school
and now that you're in college and then
remember all those characteristics or
how you were described
when you were in those grades and then
list them down and let's see if there
will be differences
okay
of course after doing activity 2 we have
our analysis so turn your
module to page 51 and you will see
activity 2
analysis so after having examined
yourself
in this different stages i want you to
answer the following questions we have
three questions
una anonymous similarities in all the
stages of
para yourself since elementary high
school and then until now college
or similar but then all right next i
want you to identify a new management
a new differences hi i know different
elementary car and you're in a bag
and then in college and lastly i want
you to identify
and very impossible reason of these
strangers
okay
i will tell you the story about the five
monkeys
let's start our story with once upon a
time or the
small fairy tale anyway so once upon a
time my group of scientists
neglected monkey
in a cage it's a good night in cage
okay now what do you think will happen
after realizing the consequences of
uh getting to the leather and getting
the banana
a diagonal
[Music]
[Music]
five new monkeys that never experienced
mabasana
cold water pero alumni like that every
time you go up the ladder
what's surprising is actually the fact
now
they also heard other monkeys known that
would try
to go up the ladder without really
knowing the reasons why
okay what was left was a group of five
monkeys
that even though never received a cold
water continued to beat up
any monkey who attempted to climb the
ladder
now if we could only talk to monkeys
if we could ask them why are you doing
that more or less they will answer
us with i don't know that's how things
are done here
now my question to you is
does this sound familiar have you
experienced the same thing
[Music]
or are we following without really
knowing the reasons why
all right that's the purpose of our
discussion for
today the story of the five monkeys
this is actually an experiment conducted
by jira stephen son way back 1967
titled cultural acquisition of a
specific learned response among racist
monkey
so in this video in this lesson we want
to explore
how other people or our society and
culture affects our behavior
our personality and ultimately our
perception
of the self in this video we will
discuss three sociologists
george mead charles cooley in irving of
time
they look into how the self the society
and the culture
are interrelated
m
a young american philosopher and social
theorist
george smith he proposed the theory of
the social self
george mead believed that the self is
void of society
the self is inseparable from the society
and bound up with communication
it builds on social experience this is
largely a matter of taking the role of
other with increasing sophistication
broadening out from significant others
to the greater
complexity anonymous
having a detonation self cannot be
separated from the society
the society and the self they come
together
and we learn from experiences from
social experiences
to self is a social entity
they know a lesson that the self is
created through social interaction
with other people with their significant
others
mostly young families
now learning
the moment we learn the language is also
the moment we learn
to develop ourselves three points were
raised by mead
in a social self-theory
the self emerges from social experience
it's not part of the body
and it does not exist at birth if you
remember
john locke and his concept of tabula
rasa
metro
that we only begin to start developing
ourselves when we interact with other
people
social experience involves communication
and exchange of symbols
people create meaning okay we create
meaning
if you remember the term selfie that we
use right now
you minimize our that day we put meaning
to words
in the self theory or your social self
theory
is that communication plays an important
role in that
lastly to understand intention you must
imagine the situation from another
person's point
of view by taking the role of other the
self is reflective
and reflexive
to reflect on our actions
other organisms are not capable of that
whereas human beings we are capable of
reflection
according to mead there are different
stages in the development of the self
on when on stage according to him is the
preparatory stage
the second stage is the play stage this
is where children pretend to play the
role of a significant other
usually young parents as you request
and we internalize the roles and we
pretend to be them
that is included in the play stage
the third one is the game stage this is
where children play
in organized games and take on the
perspective of the generalized other
bixby
but also general perspective
is when we play team games
and then we internalize the different
roles
so we learn rules and we internalize the
rules
and then we use that and by a
generalized other
young generalized other is the
perspective and expectations
of a network of others or basically the
society
and the banging expects our society
we internalize those expectations and
use it to shape our own behavior
this results to the dual nature of the
self
or the belief that we experience the
self as both subject and object
the i and me by
young eye is spontaneous and
unpredictable
you're only concerned about yourself on
the other hand
you have your me you mean a mind is the
part of you that's been socialized
to think beyond yourself hindi language
but also the expectations of your
society
the second concept we will discuss is
the looking glass self
this is proposed by charles school
according to pulley one sense of self
depends on seeing oneself
reflected in interaction with others
it's because of the perception and
evaluation of other
imagine having different mirrors at
umagas aluminium
represents how other people see you
savage on young college friends mostly
sees you
as a smart person represents
your boss sees you as someone beneath
him
your parents sees you as an angel
feeling the long bite bite mo and your
online friends
sees you as a devil feeling
atlanta perceptions
you internalize them and you create your
own
definition or your own
description of yourself
here's another example pitona man your
college friend
sees you as someone strong
on the other hand
your parents
and your online friends still sees
how they perceive you if we look at this
picture
it also depicts looking glass elf and is
habit
we imagine how we appear to other people
[Music]
sabinya is situations and drama
young give me drama
according to government people routinely
behave like actors on easter
every day social life becomes theatrical
there are roles script and actions
daily life is a series of stitch craft
rules
so my girlfriend can um
into theater casabina constructing
situations and drama
naninu allah that meaning is constructed
through interaction and he proposed the
concept of
interaction order a new interaction
order
it's what we do in the immediate
presence of others
imagine this
what do you do okay
his concept focuses on how individuals
take on roles and act them out
and he called them our audience
because we want to give a positive
impression
saudi and
and this is what he called impression
management
about 400 years ago nakhon is
shakespeare young ideon gov man
sabinya all the world is a stage and all
the men and women merely players
they have their exits and their
entrances and one man in his time plays
many
boyfriend or girlfriend and others
okay union concept or
the shakespeare golf mind identifies the
following component in his theory of
impression management
how do we try to impress or control the
other people's impression of
us okay oh now we have the front stage
and then we have the backstage and now
my runs the front stage
so front stage is where we act where we
play our roles
basically this is our stage
the backstage on the other hand is what
we do when no one is looking
how do we act what's our behavior
additionally government pointed out that
each definition of a situation
lends itself to a different approach and
the consequences are real
and you're
because you want to impress your
teachers so we have these different
roles and why do we do that
because we want to impress other people
the self is a social construction
dependent of
the situation that's the end of our
discussion for
lesson two sociological perspective of
the self
in our next video next week we will
discuss psychological perspective
of the self thank you for watching if
you have questions you may email me at
resiliaslara teresa
gmail.com or you may just leave a
comment down below
bye class
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