APUSH Review: Video #12: Events Leading To The American Revolution
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the events leading up to the American Revolution, focusing on British attempts to assert imperial authority post-Seven Years War, which led to significant debt and the implementation of taxes like the Stamp Act of 1765. It discusses the colonial response, including boycotts and the First Continental Congress, emphasizing the cry for 'no taxation without representation.' The video also covers the influence of Enlightenment ideas, the role of key figures like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine, and the significance of documents like the Declaration of Independence, which formalized America's break from Britain.
Takeaways
- 📚 The script discusses the events leading up to the American Revolution, focusing on the British attempts to assert imperial authority and the colonial responses.
- 💷 After the Seven Years' War, Britain was in significant debt and sought to raise revenue from the colonies through various taxes.
- 🚫 The Proclamation of 1763 restricted colonial expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains, which was a precursor to the taxes imposed on the colonies.
- 📜 The Stamp Act of 1765 was a significant tax on printed materials, leading to widespread discontent among the colonists.
- 🏛️ The Stamp Act Congress was a response to the Stamp Act, where the colonies boycotted taxed goods and tarred and feathered tax collectors.
- 🛑 The Townshend Acts of 1767 placed taxes on items like tea, glass, and paint, which were met with colonial boycotts, leading to the repeal of all but the tea tax.
- 🍵 The Tea Act of 1773 was an attempt by Britain to help the British East India Company by selling tea directly to the colonies, but it was opposed due to the lack of colonial representation in Parliament.
- 🗣️ The slogan 'No taxation without representation' emerged from the colonists' frustration with being taxed without having a say in British Parliament.
- 🌊 The Boston Tea Party was a protest against the Tea Act, where the Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans and dumped tea into Boston Harbor.
- 🇬🇧 In response to the Boston Tea Party, Britain enacted the Coercive Acts, which closed the port of Boston until damages were paid, further escalating tensions.
- 🏛️ The First Continental Congress was formed to address colonial grievances and seek reconciliation with Britain, indicating that many still wished to remain under British control.
Q & A
What was the main reason for Britain's financial troubles after the Seven Years' War?
-Britain was in major debt after the Seven Years' War and needed to raise revenue.
What was the Proclamation Line of 1763, and how did it affect the colonies?
-The Proclamation Line of 1763 was an attempt by Britain to limit colonial expansion by forbidding expansion past the Appalachian Mountains.
What was the Stamp Act of 1765, and how did the colonists respond to it?
-The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax on 50 commonly used goods made from paper, affecting nearly everyone. The colonists responded with boycotts and the Stamp Act Congress, leading to the Act's repeal.
What were the Townsend Acts, and what was their outcome?
-The Townsend Acts of 1767 were taxes on tea, glass, and paint. After colonial boycotts, all but the tax on tea was overturned.
How did the Tea Act of 1773 contribute to the growing tensions between the colonies and Britain?
-The Tea Act of 1773 allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies, bypassing colonial merchants. Colonists opposed it because it was a tax they had no representation in deciding.
What significant event occurred as a result of the Tea Act of 1773?
-The Boston Tea Party occurred as a result of the Tea Act, where the Sons of Liberty dressed as natives and threw tea into the Boston Harbor.
What were the Intolerable Acts, and how did they impact the colonies?
-The Intolerable Acts were punitive laws passed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party, including the closure of the port of Boston until damages were paid.
What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress?
-The First Continental Congress was formed to redress grievances and seek a resolution with Britain, showing that most colonists did not initially seek independence but rather fair treatment.
How did colonial leaders justify their resistance to British rule?
-Colonial leaders justified their resistance by asserting their rights as British subjects, rejecting the concept of virtual representation, and citing Enlightenment ideas such as the right to consent of the governed.
Who were some key figures in the American independence movement, and what were their contributions?
-Key figures included Benjamin Franklin, who co-wrote the Declaration of Independence and helped gain French support; Thomas Paine, who wrote 'Common Sense' advocating for independence; and Thomas Jefferson, the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.
What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence, and when was it issued?
-The Declaration of Independence was significant as it formally declared the colonies' intention to break away from Britain. It was issued in July 1776, a year after the fighting at Lexington and Concord began.
Outlines
📜 Colonial Resistance to British Authority
This paragraph delves into the events leading up to the American Revolution, focusing on British attempts to assert imperial authority after the Seven Years War. The British, burdened with debt, sought to raise revenue by imposing taxes on the colonies, such as the Stamp Act of 1765, which taxed a variety of paper goods. The colonists, viewing these taxes as detrimental to their economy, responded with boycotts and the Stamp Act Congress. They tarred and feathered tax collectors and successfully forced Britain to repeal the Stamp Act. This emboldened the colonists, leading to further resistance against the Townsend Acts and the Tea Act, culminating in the Boston Tea Party. The British retaliated with the Intolerable Acts, prompting the formation of the First Continental Congress. The colonists justified their resistance by asserting their rights as British subjects, rejecting the concept of virtual representation, and advocating for self-rule and individual rights.
🗽 The Path to American Independence
The second paragraph explores the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the American independence movement, emphasizing the significance of John Locke's philosophy on the right to life, liberty, and property. It highlights key figures in the movement, such as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, and their roles in advocating for American rights and eventual independence. The Sons and Daughters of Liberty, Patriots, and Loyalists are discussed, illustrating the diverse participants in the struggle for independence. Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' is highlighted as a pivotal piece of literature that challenged British rule and inspired the Declaration of Independence. The paragraph concludes with a recap of the key acts and events that led to the formal break with Britain, including the Declaration of Independence, which was issued a year after the commencement of hostilities at Lexington and Concord.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Imperial Authority
💡Debt
💡Proclamation Line of 1763
💡Stamp Act
💡Stamp Act Congress
💡Townshend Acts
💡Boston Tea Party
💡No Taxation Without Representation
💡First Continental Congress
💡Common Sense
💡Declaration of Independence
Highlights
British attempts to assert imperial authority post Seven Years War
Debt from the Seven Years War led to Britain seeking revenue from colonies
Proclamation of 1763 restricted colonial expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains
Introduction of the Stamp Act in 1765, taxing printed materials
Colonial response to the Stamp Act through boycotts and the Stamp Act Congress
Repeal of the Stamp Act due to effective colonial resistance
Townsend Acts of 1767, imposing taxes on goods like tea, glass, and paint
Colonial boycotts led to the repeal of most Townsend Acts except the tea tax
Tea Act of 1773 aimed to help the British East India Company at the expense of colonists
Boston Tea Party as a response to the Tea Act
Formation of the Sons of Liberty to protest British taxes
British retaliation with the Intolerable Acts following the Boston Tea Party
First Continental Congress convened to address colonial grievances
Colonial leaders justified resistance based on rights as British subjects and Enlightenment ideas
Patrick Henry's 'Give me liberty or give me death' speech reflecting colonial sentiment
Diverse participants in the independence movement, including leaders, Sons and Daughters of Liberty, Patriots, and Loyalists
Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' influencing the push for independence
Declaration of Independence, inspired by Enlightenment ideas and 'Common Sense', was drafted
The Declaration of Independence marked America's formal break from Britain
Transcripts
what's going on a push piece we got a
good one for you today this is video
number 12 events leading to the American
Revolution as I mentioned in the last
video this information will focus on a
topic that has been asked many times na
push exams especially in short answer
question and essay formats so make sure
you are familiar with this material
before we begin I want to give a huge
shout out to ms Brown's class in Florida
thank you for watching best of luck you
will do awesome this year let's begin by
talking about British attempts to assert
imperial authority but we need to do a
quick recap to fully understand this
video if you remember after the Seven
Years War Britain was in debt major debt
then they needed to raise revenue Bryn
wanted to seek to limit colonial
expansion so they did so by the
proclamation line of 1763 which forbid
colonial expansion past the Appalachian
Mountains remember that is the second P
in peep so friends and debts are they're
gonna pass a bunch of taxes on the
colonies one of the most important taxes
is the Stamp Act from 1765 this was a
tax on 50 commonly used goods such as
newspapers playing cards marriage
certificates you name if it was made
from paper chances are it was taxed and
this will affect nearly everyone and
comets are not going to be happy they
will view this as the death to their
economy into the colonies and they will
respond with the Stamp Act Congress now
we're gonna talk about a couple of
congresses in this video when you see
Congress I want you to think this is the
colonies Congress colonies Congress
colonies when I say Congress you say
colonies very good so Stamp Act Congress
was an example of Claudia boycotts of
the Stamp Act the colonists would turn
feather stamp collectors they would
boycott or refuse to buy goods that had
the stamp tax on it and as I mentioned
they tarred and feathered tax collectors
now they did such a good job of
boycotting and throwing up as think
about the the Stamp Act that Britain
will repeal the Stamp Act and this will
embolden the colonists they will realize
that if they protest if they make it big
enough stinked Britain will probably
peel taxes so this is a good learning
experience for the colonists two years
later in 1767 we have the Townsend Acts
named after Charles Townsend this was a
tax on tea that glass in paint and after
colonial boycotts again all but the tax
on tea was overturned
so goodbye lad goodbye glass goodbye
paint taxes tea will still remain and
we'll come back to that the Tea Act of
1773 was passed by Britain to bail out
the British East India Company this was
a private company and the cost of tea
from the British East India Company was
actually cheaper than smuggled tea so
the colonists could buy this tea cheaper
directly from the company but they were
against it because it was a tax and
colonists did not have representation in
Parliament so began the very famous
quote no taxation without representation
and this will lead to can you guess what
it is if they're protesting tea yeah you
got evil genius it's the Boston Tea
Party same year the Sons of Liberty a
group that was formed to protest British
taxes they dressed as natives and threw
the tea into the Boston Harbor now
Britain is not going to take this lately
and they will respond with a coercive or
the Intolerable Acts they will close the
port of Boston until damages were paid
about a million dollars worth and this
led to the countess forming what are
count it's gonna form you know it yep
it's a Congress so when I say Congress
you say colonies they're going to form
the First Continental Congress it's
called the first because there will be a
second very good look at you you genius
today so they sought to redress
grievances and go back to solitary
neglect it's very important to
understand most people were not calling
for independence during this time they
still wanted to remain under the control
of British they just wanted to go back
to salutary neglect being left alone so
those are some major acts on what we
want to figure out is how did colonial
leaders justify the resistance to the
British well they said we have rights as
British British subjects and they
rejected the virtual representation
argument by Britain that said that hey
Parliament is going to make laws that
are in the best interest of all British
subjects but the
you're gonna say listen we want
representation in Parliament they also
made arguments based on the right of the
individual taxation writs of assistance
Rhett's of assistance were open-ended
search warrants that the British would
use to search cargoes of ships to make
sure that taxes were being paid local
traditions of self-rule remember
colonists could elect their legislators
but not British representatives so the
Virginia House of Burgesses for example
was elected by the countess least some
of them who were qualified to vote in
Virginia but there was no representation
in Parliament for the colonists and of
course Enlightenment ideas the big theme
we talked about from period to the idea
of consent of the governed by John Locke
that people have the right to life
liberty and property and they can choose
their own form of government those ideas
were very influential during this time
and here is Patrick Henry giving his
very famous speech give me liberty or
give me death when he was referring to
the British actions during this time so
who took part in the independence
movement a wide range of people you have
colonial leaders people like Ben
Franklin he argued America contributed
significantly to the seven years of war
victory and they should not be punished
he was a co-writer of the Declaration of
Independence with John Adams and the
most famous author Thomas Jefferson he
helped gain support of France during the
American Revolution he was instrumental
in that popular movement you have the
sons and daughters of Liberty groups of
men and women who resisted the actions
of the British they would boycott goods
and the homespun movement is making for
example clothes in the colonies instead
of buying them from Great Britain
Patriots the that is a term for those
that were loyal to the independence
movement unlike loyalists who were loyal
to Great Britain an example of a popular
woman during this time was mercy Otis
Warren she was a writer that urged
independence during the 1770s okay
Thomas Paine's Common Sense holy cow
notice that specifically mentioned
circle this bad boy right now you need
to know it so t-pain he was an author he
was originally born in England moved to
the Americas he wrote common sense in
1776 which is one of the most
influential writings in American history
he challenged King George the third kg3
or
it was common sense to break away from
the corrupt monarch he basically wrote a
pamphlet calling kg3 out and said yeah
now what what are you gonna do about
we're gonna we should declare
independence and he argued that little
island could not rule a larger continent
if you're following along with an
enhanced video guide we're gonna
actually look at some excerpts from
common sense and take a look at this
reading and this helped inspire what do
you think common sense helped inspire
he's urging people to break away you got
it again declaration of independence
from July of 1776 so we have Ben
Franklin here John Adams and then 33
year old Thomas Jefferson I've never
felt so inadequate in life I'm 36 and I
am three years older than he was when he
wrote the Declaration of Independence I
kind of feel like a failure so this was
inspired by Enlightenment ideas as well
as t-pain's common sense in this
documents found that all men had natural
rights and among them are life liberty
and the pursuit of happiness
so they changed a little from John
Locke's life liberty and property
America is going to formally break away
from Britain in this letter it's a
famous breakup letter basically saying
you know what it's you it's not me
you're the problem here King George the
third so we're breaking up and this has
issued one year after fighting at
Lexington and Concord began and that's
important the war is really going on
already but it's not until one year into
the war that the Declaration is actually
issued that shows how many people still
wanted to reconcile with Great Britain
and avoid conflict for the quick recap
be familiar with text is imposed by the
British people to explain the Stamp Act
the Townsend act in the Tea Act colonial
reactions to the British when I say
Congress you say colonies very good the
very first one is the Stamp Act Congress
the Boston Tea Party you could even
throw in the First Continental Congress
justifications for independence included
the rights of individuals and layman
ideas etc common sense encouraged
America to break away which helped
influence the Declaration of
Independence alright guys thanks for
watching look forward to seeing here for
the American Revolution in the next
video best of luck this year and have a
good day
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