Tragedies and Disasters - Ozone Disco
Summary
TLDROn March 18, 1996, the Ozone Disco Club in Quezon City, Philippines, was the site of a devastating fire that claimed 162 lives and injured 93 others. The tragedy, caused by an electrical spark in the DJ booth, was exacerbated by overcrowding, poor safety measures, and inadequate exits. The club's owners and several government officials were later found guilty of reckless imprudence and corruption, highlighting the critical importance of safety standards and the consequences of negligence.
Takeaways
- 🎓 March is a significant month for young adults in the Philippines, marked by graduations, holidays, and the start of the summer season.
- 🏙️ Ozone Disco, a popular nightclub in Quezon City, was the site of a tragic fire on March 18, 1996, which resulted in numerous casualties.
- 🔥 The fire began due to an electrical fault near the DJ booth, which quickly escalated due to the club's poor fire safety measures.
- 🚪 The club's entrance design, influenced by Feng Shui, required doors to be pulled open, which hindered a quick evacuation during the fire.
- 👥 The club was grossly overcrowded, with an estimated 350 guests and 40 employees in a space meant to accommodate only 35-100 people.
- 🚨 The building had no functional fire extinguishers or sprinklers, and the supposed fire exit was non-compliant and blocked, exacerbating the disaster.
- 🏥 The response to the fire was chaotic, with many victims suffering severe burns and asphyxiation due to the dense smoke and intense heat.
- 📜 A subsequent investigation revealed numerous safety violations, including an expired building permit and failure to adhere to the National Building Code.
- 🏛️ The tragedy led to legal action against the club's owners and city officials, with several being convicted and sentenced for their roles in the disaster.
- 🕯️ The Ozone Disco Club fire remains a stark reminder of the importance of fire safety and the consequences of negligence, and it stands as one of the worst fire incidents in Philippine history.
Q & A
What was the significance of March in the Philippines for young adults before the Ozone Disco tragedy?
-March was a frantic month in the Philippines for young adults, filled with graduation ceremonies, semestral breaks, long weekends due to Holy Week, and the start of the summer season. It was a time they enjoyed for its freedom to engage in parties, celebrations, group outings, and various activities that defined their young, wild, and free lives.
When and where was the Ozone Disco located?
-Ozone Disco was located near the 11th World Scout Jamboree Memorial Rotunda, along Timog Avenue in Quezon City. It was opened in 1991.
Who were the original investors of the Ozone Disco club?
-The original investors of the Ozone Disco club were Hermino Ocampo, Rachel Campo, Alfredo Chua, Rosita, and her son Sonny Cool.
What was the layout of the Ozone Disco club?
-The club had a 200 square meter space with several guest areas, a DJ booth, a dressing room, a long kitchen, a mini bar, two comfort rooms, a messenger above the minibar, and a large open dance floor occupying most of the center.
What was the significance of the doors' design at the Ozone Disco in terms of Feng Shui?
-The doors were designed to be pushed when entering and pulled when leaving, as per Feng Shui advice given to the owner by an expert. This was believed to ensure that money would flow into the business in the same way the doors were swung.
What promotional event led to the overcrowding at Ozone Disco on the night of the tragedy?
-The management offered a promo to all graduate students, which included a discounted price of 50 passes for the entrance fee and a 50% discount on drinks and food, leading to an overcrowded venue.
What was the initial cause of the fire at Ozone Disco on March 18, 1996?
-The fire started from an electrical socket beside the DJ booth area where multiple extension cords were plugged in, hosting several electronics. It was triggered by a sequence of short circuits due to an overload.
How did the design and safety measures of the Ozone Disco contribute to the severity of the tragedy?
-The club was overcrowded, had no functional fire extinguishers, no sprinklers, a non-functional fire exit, and the building permit was still a temporary one from the previous establishment. The mezzanine had also been added without updating the building blueprint.
What were the legal consequences for the owners and officials involved in the Ozone Disco tragedy?
-In 2001, Hermino Ocampo and Ramon Nang were sentenced to four years in prison and ordered to pay damages. In 2014, seven QC government officials and the two owners were found guilty and sentenced to six to ten years in prison, with fines to the victims' families.
What is the current status of the Ozone Disco site after the tragedy?
-The building was abandoned for years and eventually demolished in 2015. A fast-food restaurant now stands on the site, serving as a symbol of new life in the place.
Outlines
🎉 Joyful Anticipation Turns to Tragedy
March is typically a lively month for young adults in the Philippines, marked by graduations, holidays, and the onset of summer. It's a time for parties and celebrations, but on March 18, 1996, a celebration at Ozone Disco in Quezon City turned tragic. The club, opened in 1991 by Hermino Ocampo, was a popular spot for the youth, featuring a dance floor, DJ booth, and dining area. On that fateful night, a fire broke out, causing chaos and many casualties.
🔥 The Ozone Disco Fire Disaster
The fire at Ozone Disco started around 11:35 pm due to an electrical spark from the DJ booth area. The club was packed with students and young professionals enjoying a promotional night. The initial spark quickly turned into a full-blown fire, filling the club with smoke and triggering a blackout. Panic ensued as people tried to escape, but the club's design and a misunderstanding about the door operation led to a stampede and many being trapped inside.
🚒 Firefighters' Response and Aftermath
As the fire raged, the local community responded with shock and horror. Firefighters arrived and battled the blaze for over an hour before declaring it extinguished. The aftermath was grim, with charred bodies piled at the entrance. The fire's intensity and the building's design flaws contributed to the high death toll. The incident became a stark reminder of the importance of safety standards and the devastating consequences of negligence.
🏢 Investigation and Legal Repercussions
The investigation into the Ozone Disco fire revealed a series of safety violations and design flaws, including an overloaded electrical system, lack of proper fire exits, and overcrowding due to an aggressive promotion. The tragedy led to legal action against the club's owners and local government officials. The verdict, handed down years later, found several individuals guilty of corruption and negligence, resulting in prison sentences and fines for the victims' families.
🏚️ The Long Road to Justice
The legal battles following the Ozone Disco fire lasted for nearly two decades, with various cases filed against the club's owners and city officials. The final verdict in 2014 found several engineers and the club's owners guilty of violating the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, leading to prison sentences and compensation for the victims. The tragedy underscored the critical need for adherence to safety regulations and the long-lasting impact on survivors and families.
🕯️ Memorial and the Legacy of the Ozone Disco Tragedy
The Ozone Disco fire remains one of the worst fire incidents in Philippine history. The building was eventually demolished, and a fast-food restaurant now stands in its place. The tragedy serves as a somber reminder of the importance of safety and the long-lasting effects of such events on individuals and communities. The incident continues to be commemorated, and the pursuit of justice for the victims highlights the importance of accountability and adherence to safety standards.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ozone Disco
💡Fire
💡Overcrowding
💡Promotional Event
💡Feng Shui
💡Backdraft
💡Safety Violations
💡Legal Consequences
💡Survivors
💡Memorial
Highlights
March is a significant month for young adults in the Philippines due to graduations, holidays, and the start of the summer season.
On March 18, 1996, a tragic fire at Ozone Disco in Quezon City claimed many lives, ending a night of celebration.
Ozone Disco was a popular nightclub among young adults, known for its affordable rates and lively atmosphere.
The club was renovated from a previous establishment and opened in 1991 by Hermino Ocampo.
The building was initially planned to be a residential house but was turned into a nightclub to capitalize on its commercial potential.
The club featured soundproof capabilities and a large open dance floor, making it a hit spot for party-goers.
A promotional offer for discounted entrance and drinks on March 18th attracted a large crowd, leading to overcrowding.
The fire started at 11:35 pm due to an electrical spark from overloaded sockets near the DJ booth.
The club's doors, designed per Feng Shui advice, could only be opened by pulling, which hindered the exit during the panic.
The fire caused a backdraft, a sudden burst of flames, which killed many instantly and injured others severely.
The official death toll was 162, with 93 injured, making it one of the worst fire incidents in Philippine history.
The building was overcrowded, holding four times the number of people it was structurally designed to accommodate.
The building's fire exit was non-functional, and fire safety equipment was inadequate or non-existent.
The tragedy led to legal proceedings against the club's owners and city officials for violations of safety regulations.
In 2001, the club's owners were sentenced to prison for reckless imprudence, and in 2014, several officials were also found guilty.
The building was eventually demolished in 2015, and a fast-food restaurant now stands in its place.
The tragedy serves as a stark reminder of the importance of safety standards and the consequences of negligence.
Transcripts
march is a frantic month in the
philippines for young adults
graduation ceremonies semestral breaks
long weekends brought by the observance
of holy week and the month which
officially kickstarts the summer season
in the country
they have always enjoyed welcoming this
month because this meant freedom to do
so many things that define their young
wild and free lives
parties celebrations group outings and
free time to do just about anything at
least for the next few weeks
on the eve of march 18 1996
one joy's celebration would come to a
grinding halt and would claim the lives
of many
hey
[Music]
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ozone disco is a cocktail lounge and
restaurant bar located near the 11th
world scout jamboree memorial rotunda
along timoch avenue in quezon city
it was opened in 1991 by hermino ocampo
operating under westwood entertainment
company incorporated who bought the land
and the building itself from the owner
of the previous establishment
the famous spurred land owned by serious
in the 80s
the initial idea was for the building to
be a residential house for the ocampo
family
however as a business-minded individual
hermino decided to renovate the building
and turn it into a nightclub
he looked for investors to build the
disco club and found four other
individuals who agreed to finance the
business
his wife rachel campo alfredo chua
rosita
and her son sonny cool
the 200 square meter club hosts several
guest areas a dj booth a dressing room
at the back a long kitchen a mini bar on
the left side
two comfort rooms on both sides at the
far end
a messenger above the minibar and a
large section of an open dance floor
which occupies most of the center field
the club profiles a rugged but sleek
persona with its acoustic foam
insulation and egg carton box swelling
allowing soundproof capabilities and
thus lessening the effects of the loud
disco music to outside establishments
the club has two doors structuring the
main entrance connected by a narrow 12
meter hallway where the reception desk
lies in the middle waiting for guests
this is also where people write their
entry into the club logbook and pay the
corresponding entrance fee
according to gerald loyola then waiter
for the ozone disco and also a survivor
of the tragedy
the doors are profiled to be pushed when
entering or to be pulled when leaving
because the owner is a firm believer in
feng shui
he added that this was the advice given
to the owner by a feng shui expert
believing that when doors are swung
inwards and in one direction only
money will flow for the business the
same way
the club would eventually gain
reputation and in a few years time
become a hit spot for young adults
because of its affordable rates
delicious food and rhythmic vibes
it was one dry and humid monday evening
of march 18th
most of the high school and college
students have already completed a school
year and more than ready to lavish away
their academic break time
be it true simple gatherings sleepovers
beach outings or as many at that time
celebrate and gear the night away at
disco clubs
in an attempt to entice these party
hungry individuals
the management of ozone disco club
decided to give a promo
a discounted price of 50 passes entrance
fee to all graduate students
on top of a 50 discount on drinks and
foods
the night was prime
one by one then by groups
students and young professionals lined
up outside
slowly but surely the promo was starting
to look like a huge success
it was believed that by 9 pm the place
was already jam-packed and was just
breezing by and waiting to get the party
started
to students and graduates it was some
needed relaxation and enjoyment after
enduring almost a year worth of school
projects and assignments
triggering sleepless nights and restless
minds
to some professionals it was just to
spend some time chilling after a hard
day's work
as every individual wondered their way
inside they settled into their
respective zones
as for the eager ones the open dance
floor was their heaven
shrugging off some of the adrenaline due
to excitement
mood was slowly getting into full swing
while the attack no remix of classic
dreams by jd was playing with some
believing this was the music cue to get
the party started
at exactly 11 35 pm
a spark suddenly ignited from the socket
beside the dj in his booth area
where multiple extension cords were
plugged hosting several electronics
shortly after the spark climbed into the
ceiling setting at the blaze
arnold taguibo a survivor recalled his
friend confidently saying
arnold in his bewildered but amazed
state responded with
realizing the trouble
dj mervyn reyes hoped to address the
crowd about to matter and immediately
reach for the microphone but it didn't
function
forcing him to address a crowd against
the loudness of the music
he was then heard shouting
due to the statements of some survivors
they saw him fleeing the dj booth area
after shouting these words
another survivor account told that there
had been several folded paper receipts
on the ceiling where the electrical
sparks climbed
creating a vulnerable source of a
flammable material for the fire to
propagate immediately
after the fire in the ceiling started a
nauseating chemical smell black smoke
cast throughout the area
the dense black smoke almost made some
of the people vomit and lasted about 15
seconds which was then followed by a
blackout
some were already alarmed about the
matter but some carried on dancing and
drinking stilling the idea that this was
part of the show
which probably was reinforced by what
they heard from the dj
as a blackout enveloped the whole first
floor the small fiery embers looming on
the dj's booth area was in full display
in the eyes of the now hysterical people
the fiery embers cobbled with a dense
black smoke confirmed the gravity of the
situation to everyone and had them
rushing to the inner entrance door
hysteria was written all over the place
the crowd moving only one way out of the
disco rushed to the inner entrance door
banging each other in a never-ending
struggle to leave the premises
the big dilemma was the stampeding
people got crammed up in front of the
door and as has been mentioned before
the doors can only be opened by pulling
towards relieving the premises
there was no way the door was opening
with tents and hundreds of people lined
up and blocking its opening back
the club bouncers who were startled with
all the banging and noise inside
thought the commotion inside was a riot
and shut down the doors
mikaela reyes another ozone employee and
survivor recalled the locking was a
standard order issued to the guards by
the management
at that point people inside were now
suffocating from the smoke and had been
screaming
to the top of their lungs while
ferociously banging the door
sherlin bruen a survivor of the tragedy
recalled moments during the crisis in an
interview almost two decades later
she told people were clamping and
meleeing one another
shouting desperately and using every
inch of their might to knock and destroy
the door it was preventing them from
leaving the area
from what seemed like eternity of
pounding and shouting
the inner door was finally opened and
dragged inwards
which was followed by a large backdraft
breezing to the narrow hallway and out
the building causing the hundreds of
people blocking the door to fall
forwards all at the same time
those who wear their rear end of the
stampede most likely torched to death
those in the middle entered the door
suffered second and third degree burst
their hair
hands and back
some would horribly burn ears and cheeks
from the side of their faces
the wave of the backdraft was believed
to have instantly killed some of the
guests
but to the luck of some
this cleared the clogging unfortunately
paved the way for most the survivors to
finally clear the building alive goes
card and burned throughout
shirley and herself got second and third
degree birds on her hands as well as on
her neck frying her hair in the process
luckily enough she was one of the few
ones who managed to crawl her way out
after the backdraft
for context a backdraft is a sudden
burst of flames spiraling out by an
enclosure this mainly happens in oxygen
depleted environments where air does not
circulate enough in and out of the area
and so
fire does not combust properly
it is deemed a deadly scenario for
everyone especially firefighters trying
to infiltrate the confined spaces of a
burning building
as it seems unfortunate enough
the conditions at the disco that night
was the perfect spark plug for a
backdrop
so many people confined in a small space
an arid atmosphere
acoustic insulations riveting the walls
and the spark plug itself the fire
after the huge backdraft
some who made it alive were now able to
run
some were left unconscious
some heavily injured managed to crawl
into the demise of those charred to
death
their bodies were left tacked up one
after the other at the door
at this point the fire had begun to
spread to the majority of the building
burning everything combustible inside
including the collapsed human bodies
the mezzanine above the beanie bar had
also collapsed which had slammed down on
the bodies of some people panicking
killing them in the process
the fire had lasted for more than an
hour after the fire trucks arrived
even more burning the people that had
been left inside and shunning any
chances of survival however little it
was at that time
those who managed to escape safely
stared in horror at the burning disco
from the outside
some called and went home to the
families
those who needed immediate medical
assistance went to the nearest hospital
calls for help amidst the crying
survivors were echoing the streets of
teemock avenue at midnight
and only in a few hours the gruesomeness
of whatever happened inside were in full
display told survivors curious onlookers
and the local television media who had
arrived at the scene to report the
tragedy
viewed by millions of filipinos in the
early morning hours the next day
in the wee morning hours of march 19
local government units rushed through
the scene to provide rescue and
assistance to whoever or whatever was
salvageable at that point
firefighters were dousing the flames
ambulances came in carrying several
stretchers
and escaped partygoers rushed either to
their homes or to the nearest hospital
everyone was on the clock for safety
onlookers and media reporters clogged
the area trying to scoop every piece of
information they could hassle
people were supposed to be sleeping at
this time
but instead they find themselves shocked
and horrified by the crisis in front of
their eyes
the fire had lasted for more or less two
hours it was declared a flame out around
1 32 am that midnight according to
moises marcelo a firefighter respondent
as soon as the flame was towed safely
respondents carrying stretchers rushed
in and were the first to witness the
horrible aftermath
charred bodies
some stacked on top of the other where
several were found attacked three to
four bodies high on the door
stifled the eyes of the respondents as
they entered the 12 meter in arrow
hallway
it was a gruesome sight for anybody to
see
even for them who are used to seeing
this kind of human anomaly
respondents were quick to scour the area
for survivors
but it was a little too late
no one was alive by that time and the
place has become a charcoal reservoir
respondents then took the next step
recovered the bodies and safely carried
them to the ambulance
the odds were a little too heavy on this
one since as they tried to carry the
bodies one by one they found themselves
dealing with multiple human bodies
conjoined with each other
their skin almost melted away and glued
to the other person's body
it was a daunting task trying to
preserve any details of the charred
human for later identification
soon after they were able to move and
lift the bodies
they were carried on the stretcher and
then mobilized the ambulances waiting
outside where onlookers survivors and
media reports also had the first glance
of what happened to the people burned
inside
the remains of the charred people were
brought to the nearby la funerarya pass
memorial
where they wheeled laid out open on the
floor for identification by their
families
and so with the bodies recovered and the
fire put out leaving the building a dead
burn space
investigation is now formally begun
in the morning of march 19
quezon city mayor mel matai and vice
mayor herbert bautista visited decide to
inspect and instruct local government
officials to conduct a thorough
investigation of this tragedy
this investigation got rolling the
results of the effort would prove to be
tragic and disheartening to the families
and to the rest of the world
detailed below are the critical
investigation points that were reported
to the public following the months and
years of the tragedy
as officials had formally claimed as the
cause based on multiple survivor
accounts
the fire started on an electrical socket
by dj's booth area
which was triggered by a sequence of
short circuits because of an overload
engineer olegario tabernilla electrical
division of the qc engineer's office in
quezon city
suspected that there may have been a
consequent addition of electrical
circuitries that was not submitted to
their office for design approval
the ill-advised setup may have caused
circuit breaker's trip mechanism to fail
because of the overload that had
transpired
the official report filed iterate's
account at 162 dead people in 93 injured
with about 150 people either safe or
suffered minor abrasions that were left
off the injured list
the ludicrous amount of people inside
the club that night was indeed due to
the promo offered by the club
enticing hundreds of party goers to
avail a limited opportunity to chill and
enjoy one of the city's hot spots
it was a promo highly targeting
graduates which was the reason why so
many young people were killed in the
fire
however it was later revealed that while
the discounts only applied to fresh
graduates there was no profile screening
done for guests before entering the
premises
not even a single school id card to show
genuity and thus everyone looking adults
and enough was permitted to the venue
350 guests and 40 employees in a
confined 200 square meter area
all enjoying and squeezing every bit of
air and space inside
according to engineer alfredo macapugai
another member of the qc engineer's
office that time the structural master
plan of the building permits only 50 to
a maximum of 100 people inside
meaning the venue is almost four times
occupied it should have been legally
it was also important to note that while
the master plan permits 50 to 100 people
the qc local government approved a
building capacity of only 35 people
despite the owners claiming the building
had a fire exit a detailed investigation
revealed that the identified fire exit
door was simply another door which was a
tight walkway leading to the kitchen
area of the adjacent disco city of
france
the door was indeed an alternate exit
before
but it had no distinguishable details
that would identify it as a fire exit
and it was since then blocked upon the
establishment of the said club a few
years back
it was also revealed that while
employees knew of its existence
only one of them used it during the
panic
even more alarming details were that all
established fire extinguishers in the
building have been dubbed and useless
there were also no sprinklers installed
which could have at least doused the
flames enough when it was just starting
another shocking finding was that the
building permit was still the temporary
one issued to birdland the previous
establishment which ended five years ago
it was an important detail to
acknowledge as it was further found out
that ozone was originally allowed a
permit for a residential house another
commercial establishment
and so was a pass the temporary building
permit from the business before it was
used as a means to continue operation
a mezzanine was also put in place a few
years later after its establishment
this was an effort to expand the dance
floor area given the increasing number
of patrons as the club gained popularity
but this was not included on the initial
building blueprint nor submitted as an
updated one
multiple hearings are tried and several
cases were filed the following years but
it was only in march 16 2001 when
westwood entertainment president hermino
ocampo and treasurer ramon nang was
sentenced guilty due to reckless
imprudence resulting to multiple
homicide and multiple serious injuries
earning them four years in prison and
owing the victims a total of 25 million
pesos and damages concurred
there are also a number of pending cases
yet to be finalized at the time
later that year november 2001
san diego bayern charged 12 officials
with the quezon city engineer's office
with reckless imprudence resulting
multiple homicide and multiple physical
injuries
six years later san diego bayern ordered
acquittal of one of the 12 officials
alfredo makapuga for his role in
granting the building permit for the
operation of ozone disco
the case would finally come to its
conclusion 18 years after the tragedy
in november 20 2014
the court handed down the final decision
on the cases filed against westwood and
engineers district employees
in a 125-page decision read in open
court
judge of elia marquez handed the guilty
beyond reasonable doubt verdict to seven
qc government officials and the two
owners of ozone disco for violation of
section 3 of republic act 3019
or the anti-graft and corrupt practices
act
the engineer district officials are
alfredo macapugai feliciano sagana
francisco
also try their westward president
harmiulo ocampo and treasurer ramon nang
they were proven to be in collusion to
secure unwarranted benefits advantage or
preference on the approval of two
building permits and certificate of
occupancy for the ozone disco operation
despite the numerous design flaws and
safety inadequacies and without
conducting any safety inspection
all nine persons were sentenced to six
to ten years in prison and are liable to
pay 150 000 pesos to each of the
families of the dead victims while one
hundred thousand passes to the families
of those injured
judge marquez cleared the criminal
liability of four other people
raquel campo wife of hermino campo
alfredo chua rosita
and her son saniku
the decision cited they were merely
stockholders or directors of the firm
and had no direct supervision or
participation in the day-to-day affairs
of the establishment
the judge however ruled that all six
stockholders will share in the 150 000
peso at 100 000 peso fines to the
families of the dead and injured
according to the national building code
of the philippines chapter 7 section 708
a section for rules regarding minimum
requirements for group a dwellings it
states entrance and exit points of a
building that there shall be at least
one entrance and another one for exit
as you may have known there are
technically two doors on the building
but the one is unusable at that point
later that month
inquirer.net published a report stating
the court cited
the fire showed that the building
officials and conspiracy with the others
accused ignored the provisions of the
national building code
the supposed alternative exit which was
located at the vip lounge was actually
obstructed by a sofa and an lpg tank
which only led to a firewall
the decision also added the audacity of
westwood in the construction of ozone
disco club by evading compliance with
important provisions of the national
building code to suit its own business
purposes is simply overwhelming
there can never be slap dash approval of
a building permit and certificate of
occupancy
to shirk from this duty will certainly
run at risk all safety standards
contemplated by the national building
code
had the violations being averted at the
first instance
the magnitude of those who died and
those who continue to endure scars that
would haunt them for life would not have
happened
survivors and families of the victims
have moved on with their lives despite
the initial outcry of the court decision
being deemed a little weak calling it
cheap justice
for years the building has been
abandoned in its skeleton outlook
nobody took business in dealing with its
tragic history save for a few people who
come off into the place on the day of
the tragedy to light up candles and
memoriam of those who perished that
night
in march 2015 months after the verdict
and a week before the 19th anniversary
of the tragedy
the whole building was demolished
nailing the closure to a two-decade long
haunting and vying for a new sense of
life into the place
a fast food restaurant now lies on a
settlement
serving filipino dishes to the local
masses
the ozone disco club tragedy would then
be known as one of the worst fire
incidents in the world
seventh worldwide and the worst in
philippine history
for the survivors a resolution though it
came almost two decades later
shed some closure to a scar that has
been detrimental to them both physically
and
emotionally for the culprits it is a
grim reminder that nothing gets past
karma that it will always haunt you back
regardless of how long one endures
evading it
for everyone else it is a statement of
how safety is a paramount element of
human life
always and always will
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you
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