Supplements Shown to Extend Lifespan - Top Longevity Program Results

Siim Land
11 Sept 202417:14

Summary

TLDRDer Sprecher analysiert die Suche nach lebensverlängernden Mitteln, die seit Jahrhunderten anhält. Er untersucht Studien des National Institute of Aging (ITP), das verschiedene Moleküle auf ihre Wirkung auf die Lebensverlängerung bei Mäusen getestet hat. Neun Verbindungen, darunter Acarbose, Aspirin und Rapamycin, zeigten signifikante Effekte. Trotz positiver Ergebnisse bei Tieren warnt der Sprecher vor negativen Nebenwirkungen und betont, dass viele dieser Verbindungen bei Menschen nicht dieselben Vorteile bringen könnten. Am Ende empfiehlt er glycinreiche Nahrung und warnt vor voreiligen Einnahmen von Medikamenten wie Rapamycin.

Takeaways

  • 🧪 Die National Institute of Aging's Intervention Testing Program (ITP) ist ein rigoroses Programm, das das Lebensalter durch verschiedene Verbindungen bei Mäusen erhöht.
  • 💊 Acarbose, ein Diabetes-Medikament, erhöht das mittlere Lebensalter bei männlichen Mäusen um 22% und bei weiblichen Mäusen um 5%.
  • 🚫 Metformin, ein anderes Diabetes-Medikament, hat keine Lebensverlängerungseffekte, es sei denn, es wird mit Rapamycin kombiniert.
  • 🔎 Aspirin, ein Antirheumatischum, erhöht das mittlere Überleben bei männlichen Mäusen um 8%, hat aber bei Menschen möglicherweise negative Auswirkungen auf das Krebsrisiko.
  • 🥩 Glycine, eine Aminosäure, erhöht das maximale Lebensalter bei Mäusen um 4-6% und könnte durch eine Balance von Methionin in der Ernährung das menschliche Lebensalter verlängern.
  • 🩸 Captopril, ein ACE-Hemmer zur Behandlung von Hochdruck, erhöht das mittlere Lebensalter bei weiblichen Mäusen um 4-5%.
  • 🌿 NDGA, ein pflanzliches Verbindung aus dem Greasebush, erhöht das mittlere Lebensalter bei Mäusen um 10%.
  • 🌱 Protandim, ein pflanzliches Supplement, erhöht das mittlere Überleben bei männlichen Mäusen um 7%, aber die klinischen Beweise für die Wirksamkeit sind begrenzt.
  • 💊 Rapamycin, ein Immunsuppressivum, zeigt das größte Potenzial bei der Lebensverlängerung in Mäusen und hat positive Auswirkungen auf das Immunsystem bei älteren Menschen.
  • 🚹 17 Alpha Estradi, ein nicht feminisierendes Östrogen, erhöht das mittlere Lebensalter von männlichen Mäusen um 19% und könnte die Auswirkungen von Testosteron auf das Lebensalter abmildern.

Q & A

  • Was ist das Interventions-Testprogramm (ITP) und warum ist es wichtig?

    -Das Interventions-Testprogramm (ITP) ist das weltweit rigoroseste, von Experten begutachtete Programm zur Untersuchung von Langlebigkeitssubstanzen und deren Auswirkungen auf Mäuse. Es wurde 2002 gestartet und hat über 20 Jahre lang Dutzende von Verbindungen getestet, um deren lebensverlängernde Wirkung zu untersuchen.

  • Welche Verbindung im ITP-Programm zeigte die größten Lebensverlängerungseffekte bei Mäusen?

    -Rapamycin zeigte im ITP-Programm die größten Lebensverlängerungseffekte, mit einer Verlängerung der mittleren Lebensspanne um 14 % bei weiblichen und 9 % bei männlichen Mäusen.

  • Welche potenziellen Nebenwirkungen haben Acarbose und Metformin auf die Muskelmasse und warum ist das problematisch?

    -Acarbose und Metformin können die Muskelmasse, Griffstärke und Gehgeschwindigkeit verringern, was problematisch ist, da Muskelmasse und Muskelkraft wichtige Faktoren für die Langlebigkeit sind. Besonders ältere Menschen mit geringer Muskelmasse und Stärke könnten durch diese Nebenwirkungen beeinträchtigt werden.

  • Warum wird Glycin als potenziell lebensverlängernd angesehen?

    -Glycin wird als potenziell lebensverlängernd angesehen, weil es die gleichen lebensverlängernden Effekte wie Methionin-Beschränkung ohne eigentliche Einschränkung von Methionin haben kann. Glycin wirkt ausgleichend auf die Toxizität von Methionin, was es zu einem nützlichen Nahrungsergänzungsmittel macht, insbesondere für Menschen mit hoher Methionin-Aufnahme.

  • Welche Bedenken gibt es hinsichtlich der langfristigen Verwendung von Aspirin bei älteren Menschen?

    -Langfristige Einnahme von Aspirin bei älteren Menschen wurde mit einem höheren Risiko für Krebserkrankungen und deren Metastasierung in Verbindung gebracht. Diese negativen Effekte könnten auf das altersbedingte Nachlassen des Immunsystems zurückzuführen sein.

  • Warum ist das Geschlecht der Mäuse wichtig für die Ergebnisse des ITP-Programms?

    -Das Geschlecht der Mäuse ist wichtig, da viele Verbindungen im ITP-Programm eine unterschiedliche Wirkung auf männliche und weibliche Mäuse zeigten. Beispielsweise zeigte Acarbose bei männlichen Mäusen eine größere Lebensverlängerung als bei weiblichen.

  • Welche Verbindung hat die Wirkung von Rapamycin bei der Lebensverlängerung unterstützt, wenn sie gemeinsam verwendet wurde?

    -Metformin hat keine signifikante Lebensverlängerung gezeigt, es sei denn, es wurde zusammen mit Rapamycin verwendet. In diesem Fall waren die lebensverlängernden Effekte auf Rapamycin zurückzuführen.

  • Was sind die Hauptvorteile der Einnahme von Glycin, neben der potenziellen Lebensverlängerung?

    -Neben der potenziellen Lebensverlängerung unterstützt Glycin die Kollagenproduktion, die Synthese von Kreatin und Glutathion sowie die Regulierung des Blutzuckerspiegels. Es kann auch zur Verbesserung des Schlafs und der allgemeinen Gesundheit beitragen.

  • Warum könnte die Einnahme von Captopril zur Lebensverlängerung problematisch sein?

    -Captopril, ein ACE-Hemmer zur Behandlung von Bluthochdruck, zeigte nur eine geringe Lebensverlängerung (4-5%) und war nur bei weiblichen Mäusen wirksam. Zudem hat Captopril einige Nebenwirkungen, was seine Nutzung als lebensverlängerndes Mittel fraglich macht.

  • Welche Überlegungen sollten angestellt werden, bevor man Rapamycin als lebensverlängerndes Mittel einnimmt?

    -Obwohl Rapamycin vielversprechend in der Lebensverlängerung bei Tieren ist, fehlen noch umfassende klinische Studien am Menschen. Zudem muss die richtige Dosierung und Verabreichungsfrequenz ermittelt werden, um die immunsuppressiven Effekte zu vermeiden und gleichzeitig die Lebensverlängerung zu maximieren.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Der ewige Wunsch nach der Pille gegen das Altern

Menschen suchen seit Jahrhunderten nach einem Mittel gegen das Altern – früher das „Wasser des Lebens“, heute Nahrungsergänzungsmittel und Arzneimittel. Obwohl es schwierig ist, deren Effekt auf die Lebensverlängerung bei Menschen zu testen, gibt es zahlreiche Tierstudien. Das „Intervention Testing Program“ (ITP) des National Institute of Aging hat über 20 Jahre lang verschiedene Substanzen getestet und neun identifiziert, die bei Mäusen die Lebensdauer signifikant verlängern. In diesem Video werden die getesteten Moleküle und deren Wirkung auf die Lebensspanne von Mäusen näher betrachtet.

05:02

💊 Acarbose: Ein Diabetesmedikament mit potenziellen Auswirkungen auf die Lebensverlängerung

Acarbose, ein Diabetesmedikament, das die Glukoseaufnahme blockiert, verlängerte die Lebensspanne von männlichen Mäusen um 22 %, während es bei weiblichen Mäusen nur einen geringen Effekt von 5 % hatte. Dies könnte eher auf die reduzierte Kalorienaufnahme als auf den Blutzuckerspiegel zurückzuführen sein. Acarbose kann bei Diabetikern Herzkrankheiten und Bluthochdruck reduzieren, jedoch negative Auswirkungen auf Muskelmasse und -kraft haben. Obwohl es bei gesunden Menschen schädlich sein könnte, lässt sich der Muskelschwund möglicherweise durch Krafttraining und höhere Proteinzufuhr abschwächen.

10:03

⚖️ Canagliflozin: Ein weiteres Diabetesmedikament mit gemischten Ergebnissen

Canagliflozin, ein weiteres Diabetesmedikament, zeigte in Studien des ITP eine Lebensverlängerung von 14 % bei männlichen Mäusen, hatte jedoch keinen Effekt auf weibliche Mäuse. Es wirkt ähnlich wie Acarbose, indem es die Glukoseaufnahme hemmt. Studien zu Canagliflozins Auswirkungen auf das Muskelwachstum bei Menschen fehlen, jedoch deutet die Forschung bei Mäusen auf eine mögliche Hemmung bestimmter Muskelproteine hin.

15:04

🩹 Aspirin: Anti-entzündliche Effekte mit Risiken im Alter

Aspirin, ein häufig verwendetes entzündungshemmendes Mittel, zeigte bei männlichen Mäusen eine geringe Lebensverlängerung von 8 %. Während seine entzündungshemmenden Eigenschaften für jüngere Menschen von Vorteil sein könnten, erhöht Aspirin bei älteren Menschen das Risiko für Krebs und andere Todesursachen. Die American Heart Association empfiehlt niedrige Dosen Aspirin nur für Menschen mit hohem Herzrisiko, die nicht anfällig für Blutungen sind.

🧬 Glycin: Ein lebensverlängerndes Aminosäure-Supplement

Glycin, eine Aminosäure, die für Kollagenproduktion und Kreatinsynthese wichtig ist, verlängerte in Studien die Lebensdauer von Mäusen um 4-6 %. Es wird angenommen, dass Glycin die Effekte einer Methioninrestriktion nachahmt, einer Diät, die bekanntermaßen die Lebensspanne bei Tieren verlängert. Die durchschnittliche menschliche Ernährung enthält zu viel Methionin und zu wenig Glycin, was ein Ungleichgewicht darstellt, das durch eine erhöhte Glycinzufuhr ausgeglichen werden könnte.

💉 Captopril: Ein Medikament gegen Bluthochdruck mit geringer Lebensverlängerung

Captopril, ein ACE-Hemmer zur Behandlung von Bluthochdruck, zeigte in ITP-Studien eine geringe Lebensverlängerung bei weiblichen Mäusen von 4-5 %. Da Bluthochdruck ein häufiger Risikofaktor für Herzkrankheiten und Nierenerkrankungen ist, könnte Captopril für Menschen mit Bluthochdruck nützlich sein. Allerdings sind die Freizeitverwendung und Lebensverlängerungseffekte bei gesunden Menschen fragwürdig.

🌿 Nordihydroguajaretinsäure (NDGA): Eine pflanzliche Verbindung mit potenziellen Vorteilen

NDGA, eine Substanz aus der Kreosotbusche, zeigte in Studien eine Lebensverlängerung von 10 % bei beiden Geschlechtern von Mäusen. Sie wirkt entzündungshemmend und aktiviert Nrf2, ein Protein, das die Zellabwehr stärkt. NDGA wird derzeit für klinische Anwendungen untersucht, jedoch sind Nahrungsergänzungsmittel mit NDGA noch nicht weit verbreitet.

🌱 Protandim: Ein umstrittenes Nahrungsergänzungsmittel

Protandim, ein Nahrungsergänzungsmittel aus pflanzlichen Zutaten, zeigte eine Lebensverlängerung von 7 % bei männlichen Mäusen, jedoch keine signifikante Wirkung auf die maximale Lebensspanne. Die Mischung enthält Inhaltsstoffe wie Kurkuma und grünen Tee, aber aufgrund irreführender Marketingbehauptungen geriet die Firma hinter Protandim in rechtliche Schwierigkeiten. Das Produkt ist zudem sehr teuer, und seine Wirksamkeit bleibt fraglich.

🧪 Rapamycin: Das vielversprechendste Molekül zur Lebensverlängerung

Rapamycin, ein Medikament zur Unterdrückung des Immunsystems nach Organtransplantationen, ist das am besten erforschte Mittel zur Lebensverlängerung. In mehreren Studien verlängerte es die Lebensspanne von Mäusen signifikant, selbst wenn es nur zeitweise verabreicht wurde. Studien deuten darauf hin, dass Rapamycin auch bei älteren Menschen das Immunsystem stärken könnte, wenn es in Intervallen eingenommen wird. Trotz positiver Ergebnisse in Tierstudien sind weitere klinische Studien beim Menschen notwendig.

🧑‍⚕️ 17-Alpha-Estradiol: Nicht-feminisierendes Östrogen mit potenziellen Vorteilen für Männer

17-Alpha-Estradiol, eine nicht-feminisierende Form von Östrogen, verlängerte die Lebensspanne von männlichen Mäusen um 19 %, während es bei weiblichen Mäusen keine Wirkung zeigte. Es wird vermutet, dass 17-Alpha-Estradiol die negativen Auswirkungen von Testosteron auf die Lebensdauer neutralisiert. Weitere Studien sind nötig, um seine potenziellen Vorteile für die Lebensverlängerung beim Menschen zu bestätigen.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Interventions Testing Program (ITP)

Das Interventions-Testprogramm (ITP) ist ein rigoroses, von Experten begutachtetes Programm zur Untersuchung von Langlebigkeit durch Moleküle, das an Mäusen durchgeführt wird. Es wurde 2002 gestartet und testet seit über 20 Jahren verschiedene Verbindungen. Das Programm ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des Videos, da es zeigt, welche Moleküle eine Lebensverlängerung bei Mäusen bewirken.

💡Acarbose

Acarbose ist ein Diabetes-Medikament, das die Glukoseaufnahme blockiert. Studien im ITP haben gezeigt, dass es die Lebensdauer von männlichen Mäusen um 22 % und von weiblichen Mäusen um 5 % verlängert. Im Video wird Acarbose als eine der wenigen Verbindungen beschrieben, die eine nachweisbare Wirkung auf die Lebensverlängerung haben, wenn auch mit möglichen negativen Nebenwirkungen wie Muskelverlust.

💡Metformin

Metformin ist ein weiteres Diabetes-Medikament, das den Blutzuckerspiegel senkt. Im Gegensatz zu Acarbose wurde in ITP-Studien festgestellt, dass Metformin alleine keine lebensverlängernde Wirkung hat, es sei denn, es wird mit Rapamycin kombiniert. Es wird erwähnt, dass es in gesunden Menschen keine Langlebigkeitseffekte zeigt, aber das Risiko von Herzerkrankungen bei Diabetikern reduziert.

💡Rapamycin

Rapamycin ist das vielversprechendste Molekül in Bezug auf Lebensverlängerung, das in den ITP-Studien untersucht wurde. Es verlängerte das Leben von weiblichen Mäusen um 14 % und von männlichen Mäusen um 9 %. Rapamycin wird als potenzielles erstes geroprotektives Medikament beschrieben, das nicht nur die Lebensdauer, sondern auch die Gesundheit im Alter verbessern könnte.

💡Glycin

Glycin ist eine Aminosäure, die unter anderem für die Kollagensynthese und die Regulierung von Methionin verantwortlich ist. ITP-Studien haben gezeigt, dass eine hohe Glycinaufnahme die Lebensdauer von Mäusen um 4 bis 6 % verlängert. Das Video betont, dass viele Menschen ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen Methionin und Glycin haben, was durch die Erhöhung des Glycinspiegels behoben werden könnte, um die Lebensdauer potenziell zu verlängern.

💡Aspirin

Aspirin ist ein entzündungshemmendes Medikament, das in geringen Dosen zur Vorbeugung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen eingesetzt wird. In den ITP-Studien zeigte Aspirin eine leichte Verlängerung der Lebensdauer bei männlichen Mäusen, aber bei älteren Menschen kann es das Risiko von Krebs erhöhen. Im Video wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Einnahme von Aspirin als vorbeugende Maßnahme umstritten ist, besonders im späteren Leben.

💡Canagliflozin

Canagliflozin ist ein weiteres Diabetes-Medikament, das die Aufnahme von Glukose in den Nieren und im Darm hemmt. Es zeigte in ITP-Studien eine Lebensverlängerung bei männlichen Mäusen um 14 %, während es bei weiblichen Mäusen keine signifikante Wirkung hatte. Im Video wird spekuliert, dass es ähnliche Nachteile wie Acarbose in Bezug auf den Muskelaufbau haben könnte.

💡Captopril

Captopril ist ein ACE-Hemmer, der zur Behandlung von Bluthochdruck eingesetzt wird. In den ITP-Studien wurde eine leichte Lebensverlängerung bei weiblichen Mäusen um 4 bis 5 % beobachtet. Das Video hebt hervor, dass der Freizeitgebrauch dieses Medikaments aufgrund der Nebenwirkungen nicht empfohlen wird.

💡Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA)

NDGA ist eine pflanzliche Verbindung, die in Kreosotbusch gefunden wird und entzündungshemmende Eigenschaften besitzt. In ITP-Studien wurde gezeigt, dass sie die Lebensdauer von Mäusen um 10 % verlängert. Das Video stellt fest, dass NDGA derzeit für klinische Anwendungen untersucht wird, aber es noch nicht weit verbreitet ist.

💡17-Alpha-Estradiol

17-Alpha-Estradiol ist ein nicht-feminisierendes Östrogen, das in ITP-Studien eine Verlängerung der Lebensdauer bei männlichen Mäusen um 19 % zeigte, jedoch keine Wirkung auf weibliche Mäuse hatte. Das Video diskutiert, dass diese Verbindung das Potenzial hat, die Lebensdauer von Männern zu verlängern, ohne die feminisierenden Effekte herkömmlicher Östrogene zu verursachen.

Highlights

Humans have been searching for the 'magic pill' for aging for thousands of years, from the 'Water of Life' to modern supplements.

Animal studies (rodents, worms, and flies) have shown life extension effects with different compounds, but human experiments are virtually impossible.

The National Institute of Aging's Intervention Testing Program (ITP) has identified nine molecules that have extended lifespan in mice by 20% to 60%.

Acarbose, a diabetes drug that blocks glucose absorption, extended the lifespan of male mice by 22% and female mice by 5%, but it may reduce muscle mass and strength in humans.

Metformin, another diabetes drug, has not shown life extension benefits unless combined with rapamycin, highlighting the importance of compound interactions.

Canagliflozin, another diabetes drug, extended median lifespan in male mice by 14% but had no effect on females, though it still improved glucose tolerance.

Aspirin, while extending median lifespan in male mice by 8%, has been linked to higher all-cause mortality in elderly humans due to increased cancer-related deaths.

Glycine supplementation extended lifespan in mice and rats by up to 30% and mimics the effects of methionine restriction, which is linked to longevity.

Captopril, an ACE inhibitor used for hypertension, extended lifespan in female mice by 4-5%, but the benefits were modest and had significant side effects.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a herbal compound, increased lifespan in both male and female mice by 10%, but it's not commonly available in supplements.

Protandim, a mix of five herbal ingredients, increased median lifespan in male mice by 7%, but the results were less significant at older ages, making its efficacy questionable.

Rapamycin has shown the most promising results in extending lifespan, increasing median survival by up to 18% in female mice, and is believed to be one of the most potent geroprotective drugs.

A 2023 study on rapamycin in humans reported no significant adverse effects, with users self-reporting improvements in health, though many of these may be placebo effects.

17-alpha estradiol extended lifespan in male mice by 19% and is thought to counteract the negative effects of androgens on longevity without feminizing side effects.

Many popular supplements, such as resveratrol and nicotinamide riboside, have failed to show significant lifespan extension effects in the ITP studies.

Transcripts

play00:00

humans have been searching for the magic

play00:01

pill for Aging for eons thousands of

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years ago it was the Water of Life that

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supposedly made you young again but

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today is various supplements and

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pharmaceuticals that are touted as

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having longevity benefits how do you

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know if a supplement is going to make

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you live longer well you can't because

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it's virtually impossible to do that

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kind of an experiment in humans however

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we do have a bunch of animal studies on

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rodents worms and flies that have found

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life extension effects with different

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compounds in this video I'm going to go

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through through the findings of the

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National Institute of aging's

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intervention testing program and see

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what supplements and molecules they've

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found to work in extending the lifespan

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of mice by 20 30 and up to 60% so what

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is the interventions testing program or

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ITP for short it's considered the

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world's most rigorous peer-reviewed

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program for investigating longevity

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molecules and their effects on mice they

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started in 2002 so the program has ran

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for over 20 years and have tested dozens

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of different compounds you can read all

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their supported into ditions and

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Publications at the National Institute

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of aging's website over the 20 years the

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ITP has identified nine molecules that

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have extended lifespan in mice they are

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acaros aspirin canag flosin captopril

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glycine nordi Hydro gutic acid ndga

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protm rapamycin and 17 Alpha estrad

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that's not a very large amount of

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compounds from the dozens of compounds

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that have been tested which kind of

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shows that most supplements don't have

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life extension effects even in animals

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this doesn't mean that the list is

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conclusive either because the ITP is

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continuously testing new molecules so

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let's take a look at these molecules

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more closely the first one is a carbos a

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carbos is a diabetes drug that blocks

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glucose absorption the ITP studies on a

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carbos found that it extended median

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lifespan in male mice by 22% and by only

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5% in female mice maximum lifespan

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increased by 11% in males and 9% in

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females this is quite interesting and

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you would predict that these life

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extension effects were because of lower

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ing blood sugar levels however the ITP

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studies done on Metformin which is

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another diabetes drug and also lowers

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blood sugar levels have found that

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metformin doesn't extend Lipan unless

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it's paired with rapamycin so it's

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rapamycin that does the extension

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effects not meformin metformin does

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reduce the risk of heart disease

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mortality in people with diabetes but it

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hasn't been found to have any longevity

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effects in otherwise healthy humans

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either so in my opinion the life

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extension effects of a carbos might have

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to do more with the reduction in glucose

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absorption rather than lowering of the

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blood sugar levels if you absorb less

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glucose you also absorb fewer calories

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and we know that calorie restriction is

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the most proven non- gentic method of

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Life Extension in animals does this mean

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that taking a carbos is going to be

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beneficial for human longevity a carbos

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does reduce the risk of heart disease

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and hypertension in people with impaired

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glucose tolerance a carbos also induces

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weight loss through reduced glucose

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absorption as well as by increasing the

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expression of glp1 which is the

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mechanism by which OIC works the problem

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is that a carbos also appears to to have

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some negative side effects type two

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diabetics who take a carbos see a

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decrease in muscle mass hand grip

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strength and walking speed metformin has

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also been seen to blunt the muscle

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growth signal in response to resistance

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training in older adults muscle mass and

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muscle strength are both very important

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for longevity and in appears that acaros

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and Metformin could be harmful for older

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people who have low muscle mass and low

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strength it might be that with acaros

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you can mitigate the negative effects on

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muscle mass by just lifting weights

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because in these studies the patients

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didn't do any form of resistance strange

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however in the metformin study the

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people did lift weights and they still

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saw the reduction in the hypertrophy

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response from the training so I would

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predict that it might happen the same

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with a carbos metformin has been seen to

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decrease V to Max an aerobic capacity as

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well which is a bad thing for

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cardiovascular function a higher V to

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Max is linked to longevity when it comes

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to acaros then acaros hasn't been seen

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to reduce V to Max and in one 2006 study

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they found that exercise combined with a

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carbos treatment actually increased V to

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Max whereas exercise alone didn't that

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is very interesting but obviously we

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would need more studies to confirm that

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so overall acaros as well as metformin

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can be life-saving for diabetics if

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you're otherwise healthy you don't have

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impaired glucose tolerance then taking

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these medications might have negative

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effects on your Fitness taking these

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Pharmaceuticals recreationally for ler

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purposes is also somewhat of a mixed bag

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on one hand we have the ITP results

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showing that a carbos works but on the

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other hand the human evidence suggests

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that a carbos can result in loss of

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muscle and strength but honestly I think

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you can mitigate it with resistance

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training and a higher protein intake

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it's the same with OIC you lose muscle

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because of not lifting weights and

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you're undereating protein personally

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I'm not taking at carbos I don't have

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any plans to take it in the future right

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now but I do think that it's quite

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interesting the next one is canag gloin

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canlin is another FDA approved diabetes

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drug that supports skinny function and

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cardiovascular function it also inhibits

play04:52

the sodium glucose Transporter 2 by

play04:54

blocking renal uptake and intestinal

play04:56

absorption of glucose in the ITP study

play04:59

can flow in extended median survival of

play05:01

male mice by 14% Kaa also increased the

play05:05

age for 90th percental Survival by 9%

play05:08

however they found no effects in female

play05:10

mice although their glucose tolerance

play05:12

still improved this drug appears to be

play05:14

very similar to a carbos it works

play05:15

through reduced glucose absorption and

play05:17

it improves glucose tolerance but does

play05:19

it have the same negative side effects

play05:21

on muscle growth there's no studies in

play05:22

humans but in mice canic Flows In does

play05:25

downregulate certain proteins and muscle

play05:26

stem cells next up we have aspirin which

play05:29

is a non idal anti-inflammatory drug or

play05:31

Nate you can get it over the counter

play05:33

which makes it very easily found in the

play05:35

ITP study aspirin treatment extended

play05:37

median survival in male mice by 8% but

play05:40

it wasn't very significant there are

play05:42

other animal studies as well that find

play05:43

how aspirin extends their lifespan the

play05:45

effects are probably because of

play05:47

aspirin's anti-inflammatory effects

play05:48

however in humans daily intake of

play05:50

aspirin has been actually seen to be

play05:52

linked to a higher risk of Alla morality

play05:54

primarily because of increased cancer

play05:56

related deaths this applies to elderly

play05:58

people who see an increased risk of

play06:00

cancer metastasis from aspirin treatment

play06:02

and accelerated cancer progression as

play06:04

shown by several randomized control

play06:05

trials there have been previous studies

play06:07

that found that aspirin treatment

play06:09

reduces the risk of cancer but those

play06:10

studies were mostly done on younger

play06:12

populations whereas the recent clinical

play06:14

trials were done on the elderly people

play06:16

and in those people aspirin treatment

play06:18

appears to increase the risk of cancer

play06:20

the reason why there's a discrepancy

play06:21

between younger and older people might

play06:23

be because of the age related decrease

play06:25

in the immune system older people have

play06:27

weaker immune systems and aspirin might

play06:29

modulate the immune system in a negative

play06:31

way that enables the proliferation of

play06:32

cancer more easily so it looks like

play06:34

aspirin isn't a good idea later in life

play06:37

historically aspirin has been used for

play06:39

primary prevention of cardiovascular

play06:40

disease which means preventing a heart

play06:42

attack or preventing the onset of

play06:44

atherosclerosis taking baby aspirin or

play06:46

small amounts of 50 to 100 milligrams of

play06:48

aspirin per day has been very common for

play06:50

decades for this reason so the question

play06:52

is does Micro doing baby aspirin every

play06:55

day reduce the risk of heart disease the

play06:57

American Heart Association says low do

play06:59

aspirin could be considered for primary

play07:01

prevention of AOS scerotic

play07:02

cardiovascular disease in adults aged 40

play07:05

to 70 who are at a high risk of

play07:07

atherosclerosis but with no increased

play07:09

risk of bleeding because aspirin

play07:11

increases the risk of bleeding they

play07:12

don't recommend it for people over the

play07:14

age of 70 or for anyone who's at

play07:16

increased risk of bleeding what about

play07:18

secondary prevention which means

play07:20

preventing getting a second heart attack

play07:22

here daily lowd dose aspirin has more

play07:24

benefits and is generally recommended by

play07:26

the American Heart Association for

play07:28

people who aren't at increased risk of

play07:29

bleeding next supplement is glycine

play07:31

which is an amino acid that supports

play07:33

collagen turnover gathan production

play07:35

creatin synthesis and heem synthesis the

play07:37

2019 ITP study found that glycine

play07:40

supplementation increased maximum

play07:42

lifespan in both male and female mice by

play07:44

4 to 6% the mice consumed a diet

play07:47

comprising of 8% glycine which is quite

play07:49

a large amount and another 2011 study

play07:51

found that a diet comprising of 8 to 12%

play07:54

glycine extended the median lifespan of

play07:57

rats by 28% the rats lived on 113 weeks

play08:00

instead of 88 maximum lifespan also

play08:03

increased by 30% from 91 to 119 weeks

play08:07

the reason why glycine extends Lipan is

play08:09

thought to be because of mimicking

play08:11

methine restriction methine is another

play08:13

amino acid you get primarily from animal

play08:15

protein and methan in restriction has

play08:17

been often seen to extend lifespan in

play08:19

animals glycine counterbalances methan

play08:21

in toxicity and has been seen to have

play08:23

the same life extension effects as

play08:25

methine restriction without restricting

play08:27

methine that's why in these studies you

play08:29

see that a very large intake of glycine

play08:31

8 to 12% of their diet extends lifespan

play08:34

in humans the evidence is obviously more

play08:36

limited but the average person's diet is

play08:38

very high in methine and it doesn't

play08:40

contain that much glycine muscle meat

play08:42

eggs dairy chicken fish Etc they're all

play08:45

very high in methine and very low in

play08:47

glycine glycine you can get from tendon

play08:49

Meats collagen fish skin chicken skin

play08:51

and gelatin powder this creates a

play08:53

scenario where most people could

play08:55

theoretically improve their longevity by

play08:57

balancing their methan in ratio with

play08:59

more glycine they would either need to

play09:00

reduce their methan intake or increase

play09:03

their glycine intake but most people

play09:04

would benefit from both there are no

play09:06

hard outcomes observed from high methan

play09:09

and low glycin intake but there are a

play09:11

few benefits that have been seen in

play09:12

clinical trials in older adults they

play09:14

have found that low plasma glycine

play09:15

levels are a marker of visceral

play09:17

adiposity independent of sex age body

play09:20

composition or chronic diseases serum

play09:22

glycine is also negatively associated

play09:23

with intramuscular atos tissue which is

play09:25

the fat inside the muscles methan in

play09:27

restriction on the other hand appears to

play09:29

reduce visceral fat in both animals and

play09:31

humans and glycine is also useful for

play09:33

other things such as collagen production

play09:35

for the skin and Joints glut thean

play09:37

production for antioxidant fence and

play09:39

inflammation sleep blood sugar and

play09:41

creatine synthesis so although we can't

play09:43

say whether or not glycine

play09:44

supplementation is going to extend

play09:46

lifespan in humans we can be pretty sure

play09:48

that most people are eating too much

play09:49

methine and not enough glycine that's

play09:51

why I'm also taking 10 grams of glycine

play09:53

as a supplement every day and I'm eating

play09:55

plenty of glycine rich foods next on the

play09:58

list is captopril captopril is an

play10:00

Angiotensin converting enzyme ace

play10:02

inhibitor used to treat high blood

play10:04

pressure in the ITP study captopril

play10:06

extended median lifespan of female mice

play10:09

by 4 to 5% hypertension is one of the

play10:11

most common co-morbidities in the world

play10:13

and it's called the silent killer that

play10:15

increases the risk of heart disease

play10:16

kidney disease and neurod degeneration

play10:18

if you have elevated blood pressure then

play10:20

you should try to normalize it as fast

play10:22

as possible because the longer your

play10:24

blood pressure stays elevated the more

play10:26

damage it can cause to your body ACE

play10:28

inhibitors have some nasty side effects

play10:30

which is why I think the recreational

play10:31

use of captopril is probably not worth

play10:33

it furthermore the life extension

play10:35

benefits in the ITP study weren't that

play10:37

big it was only 4 to 5% and it was only

play10:40

absorbed in the female mice so if you

play10:41

were ever going to take any

play10:43

pharmaceutical for recreational purposes

play10:45

to support your longevity then you would

play10:46

be probably better off by taking

play10:48

something like a carbos or rapamycin

play10:50

instead of CapTel the next compound is

play10:52

nordi hydro WTIC acid ndga it's a ligant

play10:56

found in croso Bush or grease wood in

play10:58

the TP study it resulted in 10% increase

play11:01

in Lipan in both sexes ndga is basically

play11:04

a herbal compound that's been seen to

play11:06

increase Nrf2 activation and thus reduce

play11:08

inflammation it's not a very common

play11:10

compound although it's being

play11:11

investigated for clinical purposes at

play11:13

the moment and I haven't found any

play11:15

supplements that have ndga in it so

play11:17

that's pretty much all I have to say

play11:19

about this compound prandom is another

play11:21

herbal supplement that contains a patent

play11:23

and mix of five herbal ingredients that

play11:25

support nf2 activation it has termic

play11:28

root green tea milk thisle bopa moneri

play11:31

and ashwagandha in the ITP study

play11:33

Protandim resulted in 7% increase in

play11:35

median survival of male mice but there

play11:37

was no significant difference in

play11:39

survival at the age at 90% mortality the

play11:41

company selling pandum Life Vantage has

play11:44

gotten into some trouble with the FDA

play11:46

because of their misleading and illegal

play11:47

marketing claims that claim pandum can

play11:50

help with different conditions like

play11:51

cancer and diabetes there's no evidence

play11:53

that pendum or the specific ingredients

play11:55

in the supplement could help with those

play11:57

conditions the ITP study did find that

play11:59

pendum resulted in 7% increase in median

play12:02

lifespan but there was no difference at

play12:04

the end of life so in my opinion taking

play12:06

this supplement isn't worth it the

play12:08

problem is also that it's a patented

play12:09

proprietary blend which means that you

play12:11

don't know exactly how much of each

play12:13

ingredient is in the blend and it's also

play12:15

$66 for 30 capsules which is over $2 per

play12:19

day next up we have the most successful

play12:21

life extension molecule and the one with

play12:22

the greatest potential rapy it's been

play12:25

known to have life extension effects in

play12:27

animals for decades and in the it PP

play12:29

studies it has done so by 14% in females

play12:32

and 9% in males even if Romy was given

play12:35

late in life Romy increases median

play12:37

Survival by 10% in males and 18% in

play12:40

females and it attenuates age related

play12:43

decline in spontaneous activity in males

play12:45

but not in females in another 2016 study

play12:48

treating middle-aged mice with rap ayin

play12:50

for only 3 months extended their life

play12:52

expectancy by 60% and improved Health

play12:55

span that's very interesting because

play12:56

they treated the mice with rap ayine for

play12:58

only 3 months a mouse usually lives 12

play13:01

to 18 months so they got repy in only

play13:04

about a quarter of their life and they

play13:05

still saw a large life extension effect

play13:08

for humans the equivalent duration would

play13:10

be something like 20 years which is a

play13:12

very long time but it's still not your

play13:14

entire lifespan but are there any

play13:15

longevity studies about rapamycin in

play13:17

humans if you don't know then rapamycin

play13:20

is used for organ transplantation

play13:21

rejection as it suppresses the immune

play13:23

system if taken chronically however

play13:25

there are now several clinical trials

play13:27

showing that rapamycin actually enhances

play13:29

immune system function when used

play13:31

transiently it appears that rather than

play13:33

using rapy daily you would have to pulse

play13:35

it something like once a week or once

play13:37

every two weeks to avoid the

play13:39

immunosuppressive effects and by doing

play13:41

that the elderly people actually see an

play13:43

improvement in their immune system

play13:44

function many longevity enthusiasts are

play13:46

taking Ramy off label in hopes of

play13:49

extending the lifespan a 2023 study by

play13:51

Matt caban and colleagues looked that

play13:53

333 such people they found that at an

play13:56

average dose of 3 to 6 Mig per week rap

play13:58

a didn't have any adverse side effectss

play14:00

on health with the most common side

play14:02

effects being abdominal cramps and mouth

play14:04

Alters most people also didn't know if

play14:06

the drug was working but they did

play14:08

self-report improvements in their health

play14:10

brain function youthfulness coldness and

play14:13

general aches and pains the problem is

play14:15

that the placebo effect can be very big

play14:17

in these people who are taking rapamycin

play14:19

thinking that it's going to extend their

play14:20

Lipan you can't just buy rapamycin from

play14:23

the pharmacy you need to go out of your

play14:25

way to get it and if you are doing that

play14:27

then you probably have some expect that

play14:29

is going to improve your health so it

play14:31

wasn't a placebo controlled study

play14:32

overall I do think that out of all these

play14:34

compounds rapy is the most promising one

play14:37

I think it has the greatest potential of

play14:39

being the first geroprotective drug we

play14:42

obviously need a lot more clinical

play14:44

trials on humans to see what the effects

play14:45

are but many of the leading longevity

play14:47

experts do think that rapamycin does

play14:49

work in extending lifespan I'm

play14:51

personally not taking Romy at the moment

play14:54

I don't have any plans in the near

play14:55

future either I'm waiting for more of

play14:57

these clinical trials to come out in the

play14:58

next next few years the last compound is

play15:00

17 Alpha estradi which is also called

play15:03

non-feminizing estrogen in the ITP study

play15:06

in increased media male lifespan by 19%

play15:09

and by 11% when fed late in life this is

play15:12

quite interesting and estrogens are

play15:13

known to have cardioprotective and

play15:15

neuroprotective effects it's even

play15:17

thought that estrogen might be one of

play15:18

the reasons why women live on average 5

play15:21

to 10 years longer than men as you've

play15:22

seen repeatedly throughout this video

play15:24

most of the compounds extend lifespan in

play15:26

male mice more so than they do in female

play15:28

fale mice that's very interesting and it

play15:30

might be partly because of the six

play15:32

differences between male and female

play15:34

animals and in the ITP study 17 Alpha

play15:37

estrad didn't extend female lifespan

play15:39

what other Studies have also found is

play15:41

that the life extension effects of 17

play15:43

Alpha estrad go away in castrated male

play15:45

mice which suggests that it works in the

play15:48

presence of elevated male hormones and

play15:50

androgens androgens and testosterone

play15:52

tend to shorten Lipan and they're

play15:53

associated with increased risk of heart

play15:55

disease which is why it looks like 17

play15:57

Alpha estral counteracts those effects

play15:59

in males who have testicles it doesn't

play16:01

do so in females who don't have

play16:03

testicles and it doesn't do so in

play16:05

castrated males interestingly castrated

play16:07

males having also seen to live longer

play16:09

than regular males in different human

play16:10

cohort studies I'm pretty sure most men

play16:12

would like to keep their testicles and

play16:14

they would much rather take something

play16:16

like 17 Alpha estr rather than castrate

play16:18

themselves 17 Alpha estr is called

play16:20

non-feminizing estrogen because it

play16:22

doesn't have any of the feminizing

play16:23

effects of estrogen such as breast

play16:25

tissue growth or other feminizing

play16:27

effects it's obviously very early to say

play16:29

if 17 Alpha estral is going to extend

play16:31

lifespan or longevity in humans

play16:33

especially in male humans but I'll be

play16:35

interested to see the future clinical

play16:36

trials there you go these are the

play16:38

compounds that have been shown to extend

play16:39

Lipan in the ITP program they've tested

play16:42

many other popular molecules like

play16:43

reservatrol methylin blue nicotinum at

play16:45

riboside corcumin and MCT oil and those

play16:48

compounds didn't increase Lipan what's

play16:50

the Practical takeaway from this well

play16:52

personally me I'm going to macro do

play16:54

Glycine and I might think about using

play16:56

rapamycine in a few years but not right

play16:58

now if if you want to know about the

play16:59

non- phological evidence-based methods

play17:01

to slow down aging and add healthy years

play17:03

to your life then check out my new book

play17:04

the longevity leap in the description

play17:06

thanks for watching this video make sure

play17:08

to click a like And subscribe to future

play17:09

videos about living longer and staying

play17:11

healthier my name is seam stay optimized

play17:13

stay empowered

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