DDIP | Landasan-landasan Pendidikan

Ulfia Rahmi

23 Sept 202009:20

Summary

TLDRThis educational video discusses the foundational principles of education, emphasizing religious, philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, legal, scientific, and economic bases. It highlights the integration of religious teachings in curriculums and the importance of adapting educational practices to societal needs and individual potential. The video also touches on the evolution of Indonesian education through colonial, pre-independence, and post-independence periods, stressing the role of education in shaping individuals capable of contributing to society.

Takeaways

📚 The foundation of education is based on various principles, including religious, philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, legal, scientific, and economic aspects.
🕌 The religious foundation emphasizes the role of faith in education, aligning with the national principle that religion is a basis for citizens' actions, and is reflected in the inclusion of religious education at all educational levels.
🎓 The philosophical foundation underpins curriculum development, influenced by educators' and policymakers' beliefs, shaping educational theories and practices, such as the choice between expository teaching methods based on empiricism.
📚 The historical foundation is crucial for understanding how education has evolved, from colonial to post-independence periods, each with distinct educational goals and approaches.
👥 The sociological foundation recognizes humans as social beings, emphasizing how education prepares individuals to live and contribute to society, both locally and globally.
🧠 The psychological foundation focuses on the individual's mind, motivation, interests, and talents, guiding educational practices to develop students' potential effectively.
🏛️ The cultural foundation involves preserving and transmitting cultural values and practices through education, while also adapting to new cultural developments.
📜 The legal foundation ensures that education is based on policies and regulations, such as the Indonesian Constitution and specific educational laws, which define the purpose and direction of education.
🔬 The scientific foundation is vital for staying current with knowledge in the field of education, as human learning and advancements in science, technology, and arts continuously evolve.
💼 The economic foundation influences decisions on educational policies and practices, aiming for effective and efficient use of resources to achieve educational goals.

Q & A

What are the foundational bases discussed in the script for developing education?
-The script discusses several foundational bases for developing education, including religious, philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, legal, scientific, and economic bases.
How does the religious basis influence education according to the script?
-The religious basis is considered a fundamental aspect of education, aligning with the state's principles that religion is a basis for citizens' actions. This is reflected in the implementation of religious education at all educational levels.
What is the role of the philosophical basis in curriculum development?
-The philosophical basis underpins the development of curriculum and educational practices, shaping the theories and methods used by educators and policymakers.
Can you explain the historical basis's significance in education as mentioned in the script?
-The historical basis is significant as it provides insights into how education has evolved through different periods, such as colonial, pre-independence, and post-independence eras, each with distinct educational goals and approaches.
How does the sociological basis prepare individuals for societal life?
-The sociological basis emphasizes that humans are social beings who need others to thrive. It focuses on how educational activities prepare students to live and interact within various societal contexts.
What is the importance of the psychological basis in education as per the script?
-The psychological basis is crucial as it relates to understanding individual students' motivations, interests, and talents. It guides educational practices to develop students' potential effectively.
Why is the cultural basis essential in education?
-The cultural basis is essential because it encompasses values that need to be preserved and transmitted through education. It also considers the dynamic nature of culture, acknowledging the emergence of new cultural elements.
How does the legal basis shape education policies and practices?
-The legal basis ensures that education is conducted in accordance with established laws and regulations, such as the Indonesian Constitution, Pancasila, and specific educational laws, which guide the goals and implementation of education.
What role does the scientific basis play in education?
-The scientific basis is vital as it informs the knowledge and methodologies used in education, particularly in the field of educational science. It also recognizes the continuous evolution of knowledge, technology, and arts.
Why is the economic basis considered in educational decision-making?
-The economic basis is considered to ensure that educational policies and practices are effective and efficient, using resources wisely to achieve educational goals and maintain the sustainability of educational initiatives.
How does the script suggest implementing these educational foundations?
-The script suggests that these foundations should be considered simultaneously and integrated into the analysis and critique of educational policies and practices to ensure a holistic and effective educational system.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Foundations of Education

This paragraph discusses the fundamental bases of education, which serve as a benchmark for critically analyzing educational policies and practices. The first foundation is religious, aligning with the national principle that religion is the basis of citizens' actions. This is reflected in the implementation of religious education at all educational levels. The second foundation is philosophical, which underpins curriculum development and educational theories and practices. The paragraph gives an example of a teacher using a lecture method based on a philosophical stance that leans towards empiricism, assuming students lack sufficient prior knowledge. The third foundation is historical, emphasizing the importance of understanding the historical context of education, such as the differences between colonial, pre-independence, and post-independence periods in Indonesia.

05:01

🌐 Sociological and Psychological Foundations in Education

The paragraph continues with the sociological foundation, which is crucial because humans are social beings who need others to live and function within society. Education should prepare students for social life, considering how they will integrate into local, regional, or international communities. The psychological foundation is also highlighted, focusing on individual souls, their motivations, interests, and talents. Education must be based on psychological principles to develop students' potential effectively. The cultural foundation is mentioned as a basis for education because culture contains values that need to be passed on and maintained. It also acknowledges that culture is shaped by human needs and evolves over time. The legal or juridical foundation is tied to regulations and laws that govern education, such as the Indonesian Constitution, Pancasila, and specific educational laws and ministerial regulations. The paragraph concludes with the economic foundation, which influences decisions on educational policies and practices, aiming for effective and efficient use of resources to achieve educational goals.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Religious Foundation

The religious foundation refers to the principles and beliefs that are rooted in religious teachings and are used to guide educational practices. In the context of the video, it is emphasized that education should be based on religious beliefs, aligning with the national principle that religion forms the basis of citizens' actions. An example from the script is the implementation of religious education at all levels of schooling, where the curriculum is integrated with religious content.

💡Philosophical Foundation

The philosophical foundation pertains to the ideas and theories that underpin curriculum development and educational practices. It is based on the beliefs of educators and policymakers and influences the emergence of educational theories and practices. In the script, it is mentioned that a philosophical foundation might lean towards empiricism, suggesting that learners start with insufficient prior knowledge, thus educators choose didactic methods to expose students to content.

💡Historical Foundation

The historical foundation involves considering the historical context and developments in education. It helps in understanding how different periods, such as colonial, pre-independence, and post-independence, have shaped educational goals and practices. The video script uses the example of Indonesia's educational history to illustrate how the purpose of education evolved from creating a workforce for colonizers to fostering individuals who can contribute to maintaining national independence.

💡Sociological Foundation

The sociological foundation relates to the social nature of human beings and the understanding that individuals are part of a larger society. It emphasizes the importance of preparing students to live and interact within various social settings. The script highlights that education should prepare individuals to engage with local, regional, or international communities, reflecting the sociological perspective that humans are inherently social creatures.

💡Psychological Foundation

The psychological foundation is concerned with the mental processes, motivations, interests, and talents of individuals. It is crucial for educational practices as it informs how to develop the potential of students. The video mentions that understanding the psychological aspects of learning is essential for implementing education that fosters the development of individual potentials, rather than just transferring knowledge.

💡Cultural Foundation

The cultural foundation serves as a basis for education by preserving and transmitting cultural values and practices. It acknowledges the dynamic nature of culture, where new cultural elements emerge alongside the preservation of traditional ones. The script discusses the role of education in maintaining and adapting culture, ensuring that students are prepared to contribute to and navigate the cultural landscape of the future.

💡Legal Foundation

The legal foundation refers to the regulations and laws that govern educational practices. It ensures that education is conducted in accordance with established policies and legal frameworks. The video script references Indonesian laws such as the Constitution of 1945, Pancasila, and specific educational laws like the Law No. 20 of 2003, which outline the purpose of education and provide a legal basis for educational activities.

💡Scientific Foundation

The scientific foundation is essential for education as it is based on knowledge, especially in the field of educational science and learning. It involves understanding the latest research and developments in education to inform policy-making and practice. The script emphasizes the importance of keeping abreast of scientific advancements to ensure that educational policies and practices are evidence-based and effective.

💡Economic Foundation

The economic foundation influences educational decisions and policies by considering the financial aspects and resource allocation. It aims to ensure that educational activities are conducted efficiently and effectively, using resources wisely to achieve educational goals. The video script positions the economic foundation as a critical factor in determining how educational policies are implemented and how resources are managed to yield effective educational outcomes.

💡Curriculum Integration

Curriculum integration is the process of combining various subjects or content areas within the curriculum to provide a comprehensive and cohesive learning experience. The video script illustrates this concept by discussing how religious content is integrated into the curriculum at different educational levels, showing how different aspects of education can be interconnected to enhance the learning process.

💡Educational Goals

Educational goals are the intended outcomes or objectives of the educational process. They guide the development of educational policies and practices. The script refers to the goal of developing students' potential as a central tenet of education, as stated in educational laws and policies. This highlights the importance of setting clear goals to direct educational efforts towards desired outcomes.

Highlights

Religious foundation is based on human belief and aligns with the state principle that religion is the basis of every citizen's action.

Religious education is integrated into all levels of education, with religious content being a part of the curriculum.

Philosophical foundation underpins curriculum development based on educators' and policymakers' ideas.

Empiricism in educational philosophy suggests that learners start with insufficient prior knowledge, leading to the selection of expository learning theories.

Teachers use specific methods in practice, which are backed by theoretical and philosophical foundations.

Historical foundation is important as it considers the evolution of education from colonial to post-independence periods, each with distinct educational goals.

Sociological foundation is linked to the fact that humans are social beings and education prepares individuals to live in society.

Psychological foundation relates to individual souls, motivations, interests, and talents, which are essential in educational implementation.

Cultural foundation is the basis for education as it contains values to be preserved and passed on to future generations.

Legal or juridical foundation is related to regulations and policies that education must be based on, ensuring legality and policy alignment.

Economic foundation is the basis for deciding or implementing education policies and practices, ensuring effectiveness and efficiency in resource use.

Scientific and technological foundation is crucial for education as it is based on the ever-evolving knowledge in the field of education and learning.

Education should aim to develop the potential of learners, not just transfer knowledge, as stated in the educational policies.

The implementation of education should be based on a comprehensive consideration of all these foundations simultaneously.

The order of these foundations does not imply a hierarchy but rather a simultaneous consideration in educational policy and practice.

The economic foundation, while last in order, is essential for making effective and efficient decisions in education.

The goal of education, as per the legal foundation, is to develop the potential of learners, which should guide all educational activities.