SEJARAH SINGKAT G30S PKI

Summary

This video delves into the controversial and bloody 'Gerakan 30 September' in 1965, a pivotal event in Indonesian history. Amidst political and economic turmoil, President Soekarno navigated tensions between the military and the rapidly growing Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). On the night of September 30 to October 1, a group claiming to prevent a military coup, abducted and killed several high-ranking military officers. Led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, they accused a fictitious General Council of plotting against Soekarno. General Soeharto seized control, eventually leading to Soekarno's downfall and the rise of the New Order. The PKI was disbanded, and mass arrests, torture, and executions followed, with estimates of hundreds of thousands to millions of deaths. The video concludes by emphasizing the importance of critically understanding this complex event to build a better future.

Takeaways

• 😐 The script discusses the controversial and bloody event in Indonesian history known as the September 30th Movement or G3/SPKI.
• 🏛️ In the 1960s, Indonesia faced political and economic tensions, with President Soekarno trying to balance various political forces, including the military and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
• 🌟 The PKI, led by D.N. Aidit, grew rapidly and became one of the largest communist parties in the world outside of the Soviet Union and China.
• 🔍 Tensions between the PKI and the Army increased, with the military viewing the PKI as a threat to their power and the PKI feeling the need to act to avoid being crushed by the military.
• 🗓️ On the night of September 30 to the early morning of October 1, 1965, a group calling itself the September 30th Movement kidnapped and killed several high-ranking military figures, whose bodies were later found in a well in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta.
• ☠️ The movement was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, a commander of the Presidential Guard's Battalion, claiming the action was to prevent a coup by a fictional General Council.
• 🛡️ Major General Soeharto, who was leading the Army Strategic Command (Kostrad) at the time, took over command to handle the situation and managed to secure Jakarta and suppress the movement's forces.
• 📜 Following the event, Soeharto began to consolidate his power, and on March 11, 1966, President Soekarno issued the Supersemar, effectively giving Soeharto authority to take steps to restore order, marking the end of Soekarno's rule and the beginning of the New Order under Soeharto.
• 🚫 The PKI was subsequently disbanded, and its members, along with those suspected of being associated with the PKI, faced mass arrests, torture, and executions, with estimates of hundreds of thousands to millions of people killed in the anti-communist purge that followed.
• 🤔 The G30S/PKI incident left a deep scar in Indonesian history, and debates about who was truly behind the event continue, with theories including possible involvement of other parties such as the military itself or foreign intelligence agencies.

Q & A

What was the situation in Indonesia during the 1960s?

During the 1960s, Indonesia was in a tense political and economic situation. President Soekarno was attempting to balance various political powers, including the military and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).

How did the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) grow during this period?

The PKI, led by D.N. Aidit, grew rapidly and became one of the largest communist parties in the world outside of the Soviet Union and China.

What was the tension between the PKI and the military?

The tension between the PKI and the military was escalating, with the military viewing the PKI as a threat to their power, while the PKI felt the need to act to prevent being crushed by the military.

What event occurred on the night of September 30 to the morning of October 1, 1965?

A group calling itself the September 30th Movement conducted kidnappings and murders of several high-ranking military officials, who were later found dead in a well at Lubang Buaya, Jakarta.

Who were some of the military officials killed in the September 30th Movement?

Some of the military officials killed included Lieutenant General AHM, Major General R. Suprapto, Major General MT Harono, Major General Siswondo Parman, Brigadier General Donal Ijakus Panjaitan, and Brigadier General Suyono Sismiharjo.

Who led the September 30th Movement and what was their claim?

The movement was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, a commander of the Presidential Guard. They claimed the action was an attempt to prevent a coup by a fictitious group called the General Council.

How did Major General Soeharto respond to the September 30th Movement?

Major General Soeharto, who was leading the Army Strategic Command (Kostrad) at the time, quickly took control to address the situation. By the morning of October 1, he and his forces had secured Jakarta and suppressed the movement.

What significant change occurred in the Indonesian government following the movement?

After the events, Soeharto began to strengthen his position. On March 11, 1966, President Soekarno issued the 'Supersemar' or March 11th Order, giving Soeharto authority to take steps to restore order, marking the beginning of the end for Soekarno's rule and the start of the New Order era under Soeharto.

What happened to the PKI and its members after the September 30th Movement?

The PKI was disbanded, and its members, along with individuals suspected of being associated with the PKI, faced mass arrests, torture, and executions. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands to millions of people died in the anti-communist purge that followed.

What is the ongoing debate about the September 30th Movement?

The debate continues about who was truly behind the movement, with various theories suggesting possible involvement of other parties, including the military itself or foreign intelligence agencies.

Why is it important to study the September 30th Movement?

Studying the September 30th Movement is important to understand the complexity of politics and the long-term impact of such events on the Indonesian society. It is crucial to learn from history critically and objectively to build a better future.