Hak dan Kewajiban Warga Negara [2]

Summary

This script discusses the rights and obligations of Indonesian citizens, focusing on the legal aspects of citizenship as outlined in Law No. 12 of 2006. It covers various ways to acquire Indonesian citizenship, including birth, marriage, and naturalization. The discussion also touches on the concept of dual citizenship, the conditions under which it is permitted, and the implications for children born to foreign parents within Indonesia. Additionally, the script addresses the loss of citizenship and the importance of having a clear legal status, emphasizing the legal framework that governs Indonesian nationality.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Indonesian Citizenship Law (Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006) outlines seven ways to acquire Indonesian citizenship, including marriage, birth, and naturalization.
• 💍 Marriage does not automatically change one's citizenship status unless both parties decide to apply for it and meet the requirements.
• 👶 Children born from a legal marriage to an Indonesian parent are considered Indonesian citizens by birth, regardless of the other parent's nationality.
• 🏡 Children born in Indonesia without clear citizenship status at birth may be granted Indonesian citizenship if their father is unknown or not present.
• 🏢 Naturalization is a process where a foreigner can apply for Indonesian citizenship, which requires meeting certain residency and other criteria.
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Children of foreign parents who are legally adopted by Indonesian citizens can acquire Indonesian citizenship before turning five years old.
• 🏛 The concept of 'ius soli' is recognized, where individuals born on Indonesian soil may be granted citizenship if their parentage is unknown.
• 🚫 Dual citizenship is generally not allowed in Indonesia, and there are strict regulations on holding passports or citizenship from other countries.
• ⏳ There are time-based conditions for naturalization, such as residing in Indonesia for at least five consecutive years or 10 years non-consecutively.
• 🛂 Loss of Indonesian citizenship can occur under certain circumstances, such as holding a foreign passport or serving in foreign government positions.

Q & A

What are the seven aspects regulated by Law No. 12 of 2006 regarding Indonesian citizenship?

The seven aspects regulated by Law No. 12 of 2006 regarding Indonesian citizenship include marriage, birth, declaration, adoption, acceptance of application, and naturalization.

How does marriage affect the citizenship status of Indonesian citizens?

Marriage does not cause a change in citizenship status unless the individuals involved choose to apply for it and meet the requirements.

What is the rule regarding children born from a lawful marriage between an Indonesian citizen and a foreign national?

Children born from a lawful marriage between an Indonesian citizen and a foreign national are considered Indonesian citizens by birth if the father or mother is an Indonesian citizen.

What is the concept of 'ius soli' as mentioned in the script?

The concept of 'ius soli' refers to the right of a child born within the territory of a country to be a citizen of that country, regardless of the citizenship of the parents.

What are the conditions for a foreign spouse of an Indonesian citizen to obtain Indonesian citizenship?

A foreign spouse of an Indonesian citizen can obtain Indonesian citizenship by making a declaration before the relevant officials from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, provided they have lived in Indonesia for at least five consecutive years or ten years non-consecutively.

What is the significance of the 300-day period mentioned in the script?

The 300-day period is significant because it is the time frame within which a child born to an Indonesian mother and a foreign father who dies within a month of the marriage is considered an Indonesian citizen.

What is the term 'naturalisasi' mentioned in the script, and how does it relate to citizenship?

The term 'naturalisasi' refers to the process by which a foreign national can become a citizen of Indonesia. It can be active, where the individual applies for citizenship, or passive, where the individual has the option to reject the citizenship offer.

What are the consequences of dual citizenship under Indonesian law as discussed in the script?

Under Indonesian law, dual citizenship is generally not allowed. Individuals who obtain another citizenship may lose their Indonesian citizenship unless they are under specific conditions such as being under 18 years old or married.

How can a foreign child under five years old acquire Indonesian citizenship through adoption?

A foreign child under five years old can acquire Indonesian citizenship if they are legally adopted by an Indonesian citizen and the adoption is recognized by the court.

What are the conditions for a foreign national to apply for Indonesian citizenship as per Law No. 12 of 2006?

A foreign national can apply for Indonesian citizenship if they are at least 18 years old or married, have resided in Indonesia for five consecutive years or ten non-consecutive years, and meet other requirements outlined in the law.

What actions can lead to the loss of Indonesian citizenship as mentioned in the script?

Actions that can lead to the loss of Indonesian citizenship include obtaining a foreign passport, holding a position that requires full loyalty to another country, or failing to report dual citizenship to the relevant ministry.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Indonesian Citizenship Rights and Obligations

This paragraph discusses the rights and obligations of Indonesian citizens as outlined in the Law No. 12 of 2006. It covers various ways one can obtain Indonesian citizenship, such as through marriage, birth, declaration, and acceptance of foreign children by Indonesian citizens. The script also explains the conditions under which citizenship is not transferred through marriage and the principles of jus sanguinis and jus soli in determining citizenship. It further elaborates on the legal provisions for children born from valid marriages involving Indonesian citizens and the implications of citizenship by descent and by birth within the territory of Indonesia.

05:00

👪 Citizenship Acquisition and Loss

Paragraph 2 delves into the specifics of acquiring and potentially losing Indonesian citizenship. It mentions the conditions under which a foreign spouse of an Indonesian citizen can obtain citizenship, including a requirement to live in Indonesia for a certain period. The paragraph also addresses the situation of children of mixed-nationality marriages and the age at which they must choose their nationality. It touches on the concept of naturalization, both active and passive, and the legal framework governing dual citizenship. The script highlights the consequences of holding foreign passports or documents that imply foreign nationality and the restrictions on holding public office with dual citizenship.

10:02

🏛 Overview of Indonesian Citizenship Laws

The final paragraph provides an overview of the various laws and methods for obtaining Indonesian citizenship. It questions whether the current legal framework is too lenient in accepting people as citizens and invites further discussion on the topic. The speaker concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding the intricacies of Indonesian citizenship laws and their implications for individuals and the nation as a whole.

Keywords

💡Citizenship

Citizenship refers to the status of a person recognized under the law of a sovereign state or local jurisdiction, which grants certain rights, privileges, and duties upon that person. In the context of the video, it is central to the discussion of the rights and obligations of individuals in relation to the state of Indonesia, as defined by the country's laws and regulations.

💡Nationality

Nationality is a legal bond between a person and a state, which grants the individual the status of being a citizen of that state. The video discusses various ways one can acquire Indonesian nationality, such as by birth, marriage, or naturalization, and how it is regulated by the laws mentioned in the transcript.

💡Ius Sanguinis

Ius Sanguinis is a principle of nationality law by which citizenship is not determined by place of birth but by having parents who are citizens of the state. The video mentions this principle in the context of determining the nationality of children born to Indonesian parents, even if they are born outside of Indonesia.

💡Ius Soli

Ius Soli is a principle of nationality law by which individuals acquire citizenship based on the territory in which they are born. The video discusses how children born within the territory of Indonesia may acquire Indonesian citizenship, even if their parents are not Indonesian citizens.

💡Marriage

Marriage is a legally or socially recognized union between two individuals. In the video, it is mentioned as one of the ways to potentially change one's citizenship status, where a foreign spouse may acquire Indonesian citizenship through marriage to an Indonesian citizen, provided they meet certain legal requirements.

💡Naturalization

Naturalization is the process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality. The video explains that foreign nationals can apply for Indonesian citizenship through naturalization, which involves meeting certain residency requirements and other conditions as stipulated by law.

💡Repudiation

Repudiation, in the context of the video, refers to the right of an individual to reject or renounce a citizenship offered to them. It is discussed as a part of the naturalization process, where an individual has the option to accept or decline the offer of Indonesian citizenship.

💡Dual Citizenship

Dual Citizenship is the condition of a person being a citizen of two countries at the same time. The video touches upon the complexities of dual citizenship, especially in terms of the legal implications and the conditions under which it is permitted or restricted in Indonesia.

💡Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by Descent is the acquisition of citizenship based on one's ancestry. The video explains that children born to an Indonesian mother or father can be considered Indonesian citizens by descent, even if the other parent does not hold Indonesian citizenship.

💡Legal Requirements

Legal Requirements refer to the specific conditions that must be met to qualify for a particular legal status, such as citizenship. The video outlines various legal requirements for obtaining Indonesian citizenship, including residency duration, age, and other factors as defined by the country's nationality laws.

💡Administrative Registration

Administrative Registration is the process of officially recording or registering certain life events, such as births, with the government. The video mentions the importance of administrative registration for establishing citizenship, particularly for children born within Indonesia who may not have clear records of their parents' citizenship status.

Highlights

Discussion on the rights and obligations of citizens towards the state, and the definition of a citizen according to Indonesian law.

Explanation of the seven criteria outlined in the Indonesian Citizenship Law No. 12 of 2006.

Marriage does not automatically change citizenship status unless both parties decide to apply for it.

Children born from a legal marriage between an Indonesian citizen and a foreign citizen are considered Indonesian citizens by birth.

Clarification on the inheritance of citizenship when the father is a foreign citizen and does not pass on his nationality to his children.

A child born within 300 days of the death of their Indonesian father is considered an Indonesian citizen.

Children born in Indonesia without a clear citizenship status at birth are granted Indonesian citizenship by default.

Foreigners who marry Indonesian citizens can apply for Indonesian citizenship by making a declaration.

Requirements for foreigners to obtain Indonesian citizenship include residing in Indonesia for at least five consecutive years.

Children of foreign citizens who are under 15 years old or unmarried can obtain Indonesian citizenship if their parents obtain it.

Children of foreign citizens who are adopted by Indonesian citizens before the age of five are granted Indonesian citizenship.

Naturalization process for foreigners who actively apply to become Indonesian citizens.

The concept of 'hak repudiasi' or the right to reject Indonesian citizenship even after being granted it.

Loss of Indonesian citizenship can occur if a person holds a foreign passport or similar documents.

Dual citizenship is not allowed in Indonesia, and holding a foreign passport can lead to the loss of Indonesian citizenship.

Individuals who obtain foreign citizenship after a certain age must choose one citizenship over the other.

The Indonesian citizenship law is relatively lenient in accepting people as citizens, but there are clear legal processes to follow.

Transcripts

Hai Hai assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh kali ini kita akan bahas hak

dan kewajiban warga negara pada

submateri Siapakah yang disebut sebagai

warga negara atau Bagaimana mendapatkan

status warga negara Indonesia kalau kita

lihat di dalam undang-undang nomor 12

tahun 2006 di situ ada tertuju ada tujuh

hal diatur tentang warga negara

Indonesia pertama perkawinan kelahiran

pernyataan turut Ayah atau Ibu

pengangkatan dikabulkan permohonan dan

Kewarganegaraan jadi itu mengadopsi asas

kewarganegaraan yang ada you soyou

Sanguinis kemudian tercakup didalamnya

karena disitu ada perkawinan ada

kelahiran dan seterusnya sampai Papua

warga negara Nah kalau kita

cara perkawinan perkawinan itu tidak

menyebabkan perubahan status

kewarganegaraan sejak bisa Jadi kalau

kemudian ada yang menikah dengan warga

negara asing maka 22 piang itu tidak

berubah status kewarganegaraan kecuali

kalau kemudian mereka menginginkan untuk

itu dan telah memenuhi persyaratannya

jadi kalau kita bicara perkawinan anak

yang lahir dari perkawinan yang sah dari

seorang ayah dan ibu warga negara

Indonesia itu sudah Indonesia asli Ah

kemudian bisa juga ayahnya warga negara

asing bisa juga ibunya warga negara

asing bisa juga kemudian anak yang lahir

dari perkawinan yang sah dari seorang

ibu warga negara Indonesia tetap ayahnya

tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan atau

hukum negara asal sang ayah tidak

memberikan kewarganegaraan kepada anak

tersebut itu jelas disampaikan di dalam

undang-undang kewarganegaraan kita jadi

anak dan lari perkawinan yang sah dari

seorang ibu

Generation ayahnya tidak memperoleh

kewarganegaraan atau hukum negara

asalnya tidak memberikan korban kapal

tersebut itu warga negara Indonesia ya

Kelihatan Memang agak longgar tapi

itulah isi dari aturan pergaulan kita Ya

seperti yang saya sampaikan tadi itu

mungkin mengadopsi dari pasal 28 gimana

bahwa setiap orang itu harus memiliki

status kewarganegaraan kemudian yang

kelima anaknya lahir dari dalam tenggang

waktu 300 hari hanya 300 hari lahir

setelah lainnya anak itu Ayahnya

kemudian meninggal sebulan anak itu

Ayahnya meninggal Dari perkawinan sah

ayahnya orang Indonesia jadi Ayahnya

orang Indonesia Tigaraksa meninggal

ayahnya tidak hari kemudian lahiriah

tersebut maka dia disebut warga Garis

dari perkawinan yang sah dari perkawinan

saat itu maksud disini bukan

salam hukum agama digunakan tapi bahwa

dia tercatat di kantor pusat dapat lebih

Catatan Sipil tercatat secara

administratif kemudian perkalian ini

tentu tidak menyebabkan perubahan status

kewarganegaraan disini juga ada beberapa

yang kemudian dikatakan bahwa diluar

perkawinan sah Diluar tonat sah tetapi

yang dimaksudkan itu adalah tidak

tercatat karena memang bisa semuanya

dikatakan perkawinan sah Bagaimana

kemudian mereka tinggal di pulau-pulau

tinggal di hutan-hutan dan kemudian itu

bisa-bisa tidak mendapatkan beneran

Kalau kemudian ada pembatasan tentang

hanya yang diperolehnya usah terlihat

ini bukan konteks agama tapi konteks

hukum positif kita kemudian selanjutnya

adalah kelahiran lebih kelahiran anak

yang lahir di wilayah negara Republik

Indonesia pada waktu lahir tidak jelas

status kewarganegaraan Ayah di bumi anak

yang baru lahir ditemukan di wilayah

cinta

Hai selama hidupnya tidak diketahui anak

yang lahir di wilayah NKRI ayahnya tidak

mempunyai kewarganegaraan atau tidak

diketahui keberadaannya Nah itulah yang

kemudian diberikan kewarganegaraan

sebagai warga negara Indonesia jadi

lahir jadi ini Ius Soli Soli kemudian

saja pernyataan menjadi warga negara

asing yang kawin secara sah dengan warga

negara Indonesia dapat memperoleh

kewarganegaraan dengan menyampaikan

pernyataan menjadi warga negara

Indonesia di hadapan pejabat-pejabat

terkait Kementerian Hukum dan HAM

bertanya tapi banyak syaratnya salah

satunya apabila telah bertempat tinggal

di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia

paling singkat lima tahun beruntung atau

10 tahun tidak berturut-turut kecuali

kalau setelah diberikan kewarganegaraan

maka orang tersebut mendapatkan

kewarganegaraan ganda tidak Belanda ke

Indonesia

baru-baru atas juga boleh Gan dapatkan

terbatas karena terbatasnya Kapan

persatu siang 18 tahun atau dia sudah

menikah akan tetapi kalau dia tidak

mendapatkan kewarganegaraan karena

status kewarganegaraannya menjadi ganda

maka dia bisa dapat bergizi tinggal

tetap sesuai dengan peraturan

perundang-undangan jadi ada keuntungan

usaha bagi mereka kalau dia sudah

diberikan izin tinggal tetap kemudian

bisa juga sebagai warga Indonesia Kalau

turun ayah dan ini anak gang belum

berusaha bebas tahun atau belum menikah

berada dan bertempat tinggal di wilayah

negara Republik Indonesia Ayah Atau

ibunya yang memperoleh kewarganegaraan

dengan sendirinya eh berkewarganegaraan

Republik Indonesia anak yang belum

berusia 15 tahun atau belum Ketika

engkau budeg berada di wilayah NKRI ayat

ibunya memperoleh kewarganegaraan Ayah

atau Ibunya belum naik Maka anaknya juga

dengan sendirinya

dan kuadrat tapi setelah dia berusia 15

tahun atau sudah menikah tentu harus

memilih termasuk kalau dia mendapatkan

kewarganegaraan ganda kemudian

pengangkatan jadi anak warga negara

asing yang belum berusia lima tahun yang

diangkat secara sah menurut penetapan

pengadilan sebagai anak oleh warga

negara Indonesia itu memperoleh

kewarganegaraan republik Indonesia jadi

sebelum dia berusia lima tahun sebelum

dia berusia lima tahun lalu kemudian

diangkat secara sah menurut penetapan

pengadilan sebagai anak oleh warga

negara Indonesia itu memperoleh

kewarganegaraan republik Indonesia ke

warga tersebut harus menyatakan memilih

salah satu warga negaranya kalau

kemudian dia menjadi raganya

Hai kemudian naturalisasi kalau kita

bicara naturalisasi itu adalah terobsesi

aktif ada kategorisasi pasti kalau

Natasha aktif itu kaitannya dengan hak

opsi sementara naturalisasi pasif itu

kaitannya dengan fasih itu hak repudiasi

bisa menolak bisa mengatakan saya tidak

perlu dapat penerangan Walaupun mungkin

sabar jasa bagi negeri ini tapi

Biarkanlah tetap bersumbangsih Oh

terhadap kemajuan negeri ini tapi tetap

sampai warga negara negara asalnya

karena dia mau diberikan Tapi dia bisa

menolak hak repudiasi tapi kalau aksi ia

bisa meminta untuk menjadi warganegara

sepanjang kemudian sepanjang kemudian

[Musik]

hai Beri menyesalkan kesopanan Ada apa

persyaratannya adanya persyaratan

sebenarnya kalau kita bicara permohonan

kewarganegaraan itu bisa pertama telah

berusia lemas tahun atau sudah menikah

Kemudian pada waktu pengajuan itu dia

sudah tinggal lima tahun berturut-turut

atau 10tahun yang berturut-turut dan

seterusnya silahkan anda baca

undang-undang nomor 12 tahun 2006

kemudian orang asing yang telah berjasa

ini katanya dengan tadi di warga negara

akan ini bisa saja mereka menggunakan

hak repudiasi atau naturisasi pasti

Hai kemudian kalau kita bicara skor

Barca Nesya selain kasus perkelahian

umum tadi suryanusa WC asas

kewarganegaraan Tunggal dengan asas

kewarganegaraan ganda terbatas tunggal

itu artinya bahwa setiap orang itu sakit

warga negara makanya ya setiap orang

juga harus satu KTP ikan ada

undang-undang yang mengatur ini ya

kemudian asparaga terbatas ganda

terbatas sesuatunya bahwa kalau kemudian

dia sudah menikah atau dia sudah

berusaha membalas tahun maka dia tidak

bisa lagi berkewarganegaraan ada yang

sendiri Tapi kalau singkat mungkin

Claudia Gloria ya Ini bukan terbaru

bermasalah waktu tidak bisa kegedean

walaupun ayahnya bisa menurunkan modern

karena dia lahir sebelum 2006 sementara

ya mereka yang lahir sebelum 2006 itu

harus melaporkan kenegaraannya

keluarganya melaporkan gelarnya kepada

kementerian terkait nanti setelah proses

akhirnya kemudian ya bisa sebagai luar

Hai Indonesia dan bisa menurunkan muda

kemudian Ada banyak hal yang menyebabkan

orang bisa kehilangan kewarganegaraan

Apa itu mempunyai paspor atau surat yang

bersifat paspor dari negara asing atau

surat yang dapat diartikan sebagai tanda

kewarganegaraan yang masih berlaku dari

negara lain atas namanya jadi tidak

boleh kemudian berpaspor ganda tidak

boleh kemudian menjadi pejabat atau

mungkin pegawai di negara-negara Brain

karena itu bisa menghilangkan status

kewarganegaraan sebagai warga negara

Indonesia Saya pikir itu yang saya

sampaikan hari ini intinya bahwa

Indonesia ini ada banyak asas

kewarganegaraan yang berlaku dan ada

banyak cara untuk bisa mendapatkan

warganegaraan apa yang perlu kita kaji

adalah Apakah dengan undang-undang

kewarganegaraan Ini akhirnya kemudian

sepertinya longgar untuk menerima semua

orang menjadi warga negara atau tidak

Itu silakan diklik

cukup sih di dipakai di pekan-pekan

diskusi Baik terima kasih selingkuh

warahmatullahi wabarakatuh ya