Lesson 2 Section 3: Agrarian Relations and the Friar Lands

Summary

This video script delves into the agrarian relations in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, focusing on the hacienda system and its impact on society. It discusses the origins of friar lands, the inquilinato system, and the three-tiered structure of land ownership. The script also highlights the hacienda dispute involving the Rizal family, who were significant inquilinos, and the challenges they faced due to land ownership conflicts in the 19th century.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The history of friar lands in the Philippines dates back to the early Spanish colonial period when Spanish conquistadors were granted lands called haciendas.
• 🌱 The Spanish hacienda owners often failed to develop their lands due to their temporary stay and preference for more lucrative economic opportunities in Manila.
• 🤔 The Spanish friars acquired land through various means, often without clear titles, leading to disputes over land ownership.
• 🌾 The 18th-century agricultural boom led to the implementation of the inquilinato system, where land was rented out for a fixed annual amount and personal services.
• 🏛️ The inquilinato system was a three-tiered structure with landlords at the top, inquilinos in the middle, and sharecroppers (casamas) at the bottom.
• 📜 The Hacienda de Calamba's ownership changed hands multiple times, from a Spanish owner to the Dominicans, with the Rizal family becoming significant inquilinos.
• 🌿 The Rizal family's income primarily came from sugarcane cultivation, which was in high demand in the world market at the time.
• 💔 Conflicts over land ownership in the hacienda system negatively impacted the Rizal family, highlighting the social and economic struggles of the era.
• 🏞️ The hacienda system and its associated disputes are emblematic of the broader issues of land ownership and agrarian relations in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
• 📚 This discussion provides insight into the historical context of land disputes and their impact on Philippine society, including the Rizal family.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the third section of the discussion?

The third section focuses on agrarian relations in the friar lands, specifically discussing the history of land ownership in the Philippines during Spanish colonial times.

How were Spanish conquistadors rewarded during the early Spanish colonial period in the Philippines?

Spanish conquistadors were awarded lands in the form of haciendas for their loyalty to the Spanish crown.

What were the two types of land grants given to Spaniards and what were they called?

The two types of land grants were large tracks called 'sitios de ganado mayor' and smaller tracks called 'caballeras'.

Why did the Spanish hacienda owners fail to develop their lands?

The Spanish hacienda owners failed to develop their lands because they were not expected to permanently stay in the Philippines and many returned to Spain after their service. Additionally, the livestock market was small, and the Manila-based galleon trade offered better economic opportunities.

How did the Spanish friars acquire land during the Spanish colonial period?

The Spanish friars acquired land through various means, often through donations in exchange for spiritual favors, which many Filipinos believed were dubious means.

What was the inquilinato system and how did it function?

The inquilinato system was a system where individuals rented land for a fixed annual amount and were expected to provide personal services to the landlords. If they failed to do so, they could be expelled from the land. They could also lease the land to a sharecropper, known as a casama, who would be responsible for cultivating the land.

How was the hacienda system structured in terms of social hierarchy?

The hacienda system was structured as a three-layered system with the landlords at the top, the inquilinos in the middle, and the casamas at the bottom.

What was the significance of the Hacienda de Calamba in the context of the discussion?

The Hacienda de Calamba was significant because it was originally owned by a Spaniard, donated to the friars, and eventually sold to various owners, including the Dominicans. The Rizal family became principal inquilinos, renting a large parcel of the land and facing conflicts over land ownership.

What was the main crop grown by the Rizal family in the Hacienda de Calamba?

The main crop grown by the Rizal family in the Hacienda de Calamba was sugarcane, which was in high demand in the world market at the time.

What conflicts arose in 1883 regarding the Hacienda de Calamba, and how did they impact the Rizal family?

In 1883, conflicts arose over land ownership in the Hacienda de Calamba, which evidently caused suffering for the Rizal family, who were principal inquilinos and had a significant stake in the land.

What conclusion is drawn from the discussion about the hacienda system and its impacts?

The discussion concludes that the hacienda system and conflicts over land ownership had significant impacts on Philippine society and on families like the Rizals, highlighting the historical importance of land ownership disputes in the country.

Outlines

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🏰 History of Land Ownership in the Philippines

This paragraph discusses the historical background of land ownership in the Philippines, particularly focusing on the agrarian relations during Spanish colonial times. It explains the origin of haciendas, which were large land grants given to Spanish conquistadors for their loyalty to the crown. Approximately 120 Spaniards were awarded either 'secho de gobernador' (large tracts) or 'caballeras' (smaller tracts). The paragraph also touches on the hacienda system's failure to develop due to the Spaniards' lack of intention to stay permanently and their preference for trade in Manila over agricultural development. The Spanish friars' acquisition of land through dubious means and the subsequent inquilinato system, where tenants rented land and provided personal services to the landlords, are also covered. The system is described as a three-layered hierarchy with landlords at the top, inquilinos in the middle, and sharecroppers (casamas) at the bottom.

Keywords

💡Agrarian relations

Agrarian relations refer to the social and economic relationships that arise from the use and ownership of land in agricultural societies. In the context of the video, this term is central to understanding the dynamics of land ownership in the Philippines during Spanish colonial times. The script discusses how these relations were shaped by the hacienda system and the existence of friar lands, which had significant impacts on Philippine society and the Risales family.

💡Hacienda system

The hacienda system was a form of large-scale land ownership and management in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It involved Spanish landowners, known as hacendados, who controlled vast tracts of land and employed workers, often leading to social and economic disparities. The video script mentions that the hacienda system was connected with the existence of friar lands and was a source of conflict, as seen in the case of the Hacienda de Calamba.

💡Friar lands

Friar lands were lands that were owned by the Catholic religious orders, specifically the friars, during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. These lands were often donated to the friars in exchange for spiritual favors, and many Filipinos believed that the friars had no legitimate titles to these lands. The video script discusses how the existence of friar lands contributed to conflicts over land ownership and the development of the hacienda system.

💡Inquilinato system

The inquilinato system was a type of tenancy arrangement in the Philippines where tenants, known as inquilinos, rented land from landlords for a fixed annual amount and were expected to provide personal services. If they failed to do so, they could be expelled from the land. This system was part of the larger hacienda system and created a hierarchical structure with landlords at the top, inquilinos in the middle, and sharecroppers, or casamas, at the bottom. The video script uses the inquilinato system to illustrate the social and economic dynamics of land use during the Spanish colonial period.

💡Casama

A casama, as mentioned in the video script, was a type of sharecropper in the Philippine hacienda system. They would lease land from inquilinos, who were themselves tenants of the land, and were responsible for cultivating the land. The casamas were at the bottom of the three-layered system of land management and were often subject to the whims of both inquilinos and landlords, highlighting the exploitative nature of the hacienda system.

💡Hacienda de Calamba

The Hacienda de Calamba is a specific example of a hacienda discussed in the video script. It was originally owned by a Spaniard who donated the land to the Swiss friars. After the friars were expelled, the hacienda came under the control of the Spanish colonial government and was eventually sold to Don Clemente. The Risales family became principal inquilinos of the hacienda, renting a large parcel of land and primarily growing sugarcane. The conflicts over land ownership that arose in 1883 had significant impacts on the Risales family, illustrating the challenges faced by inquilinos within the hacienda system.

💡Sugarcane

Sugarcane is a crop that was in high demand in the world market during the time of the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. In the video script, it is mentioned as the main crop grown by the Risales family on their leased land in the Hacienda de Calamba. The cultivation of sugarcane was a significant source of income for the family, highlighting the economic importance of agricultural production within the hacienda system.

💡Land ownership conflicts

Land ownership conflicts refer to disputes that arise over the rights to use and control land. In the video script, these conflicts are discussed in the context of the hacienda system and the Risales family's experience with the Hacienda de Calamba. The conflicts in 1883 over land ownership in the hacienda had profound effects on the Risales family, demonstrating how land disputes could disrupt the lives and livelihoods of those involved in the agrarian society.

💡Spanish colonial period

The Spanish colonial period in the Philippines refers to the time when the country was under the control of Spain, from the late 16th century until the late 19th century. The video script discusses how the dynamics of land ownership during this period, particularly through the hacienda system and the involvement of friar lands, shaped the social and economic structures of Philippine society.

💡Akon kistadores

Akon kistadores were Spanish conquistadors who were awarded lands in the form of haciendas for their loyalty to the Spanish crown during the early Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. The video script mentions that approximately 120 Spaniards were granted large or smaller tracts of land, which contributed to the development of the hacienda system and the subsequent agrarian relations in the country.

Highlights

Introduction to the discussion on agrarian relations in the friar lands.

Short history of land ownership dynamics in the Philippines during Spanish colonial times.

Hacienda system and its connection with prior lands.

Conflicts arising from the hacienda system and their societal impacts.

Impact of land conflicts on the family of Rizal.

Origin of friarlands in the early Spanish colonial period.

Awarding of haciendas to Spanish conquistadors for loyalty.

Failure of hacienda owners to develop lands due to lack of permanent settlement.

Spanish friars' acquisition of land through dubious means.

The inquilinato system and its three-layered structure.

Role of inquilinos and casamas in the agricultural system.

Hacienda de Calamba's history and its original Spanish owner.

Transfer of Hacienda de Calamba to the Spanish colonial government.

Rizal family's role as principal inquilinos of Hacienda de Calamba.

Economic activities of the Rizal family in the hacienda.

Land ownership conflicts in 1883 and their effects on the Rizal family.

Conclusion of the discussion on the hacienda system and its historical implications.

Transcripts

[Music]

[Music]

oh

[Music]

all right so um welcome back to the last

part of our discussion the third section

which tackles the agrarian relations in

the flyer

lands so in this section

i will be providing a short history of

the dynamics of land ownership in the

philippines during results times so with

discussions the hacienda system

in connection with the existence of

prior lands specifically

it mentions conflicts arising from the

hacienda system and shows their

impacts on the philippine society and on

the uh the family of risales

or in killing us so the history of the

fryerlands

um the existence of ireland in the

philippines

can be uh traced back to early

spanish colonial period when spanish

akon kistadores were awarded lands in

their in the form of haciendas

for their loyalty to the spanish crown

and

uh and approximately 120 spaniards were

granted either

large trucks of land called sicho de

gonado

mayor or smaller trucks called

caballeras

yeah so however the haciendas

those who owned the haciendas failed to

develop their lands

and one reason is that the spaniards

were not expected to permanently stay in

the philippines

and many of them returned to spain once

they were done serving in the country

also the livestock market during this

time was was still

small thus the guardian trade based in

manila appealed more

to the spaniards because it offered

better economic opportunities

and um the spanish friars were able to

acquire land

through whatever means available to them

and according to sources

lands were donated to the friars in

exchange for spiritual

favors so many filipinos believed that

the friars had no titles to the lands

they owned because

they acquired them through osar patient

and other dubious means

so um when the export of agricultural

crap started to blossom

in the 18th century the inquilinator

system was put into place so in the

system

one who rented land for a fixed annual

amount

and kilino was expected to give personal

services to the landlords so if he or

she failed to do so

he or she would be expelled from the

land so the inquilinos could also lease

the land they were

renting um

from the landlord to a casama or

sharecropper

who would then be responsible for

cultivating the land

so the enchilada system functioned as

three layered system with the landlords

on top

and it added us in the middle and the

casamas at the bottom

now um let's have the uh

hacienda dispute so the hacienda de

calamba was originally owned by a

spaniard who donated the land

to uh sweet friars to allow him to

permanently stay in

the sweet monastery however since the

swedes were expelled from the

philippines

the hacienda went to the possession of

the spanish colonial government

in 1803 the land was sold to don

clemente

and then after his death it was

eventually sold to dominicans who

claimed ownership of the hacienda until

19th century well results family

um became one of the principal in

kilinos of the hacienda

they rented one of and they rented one

of the largest leased parcel of the land

measuring approximately 380 hectares

okay so the main crop was sugarcane

since it was the most in demand in the

world market then

the result family got their income

mainly from the landing oriented and

however

when conflicts on land ownership in the

hacienda arose in 1883 the family

evidently suffered

so do look simulant

and that's or that concludes the

discussion

for this um lesson so i hope

you guys learned something

and that's it so see you again next week

you