BEGINI PROSES PEMBUATAN MINYAK GORENG DAN MARGARIN DARI KELAPA SAWIT! LANGSUNG OLAH.

Summary

The video script discusses the recent scarcity of cooking oil and its rising prices, impacting consumers due to its daily use in various foods. It focuses on palm oil production, detailing the process from harvesting fresh fruit bunches to extracting crude palm oil (CPO). The script explains how CPO is refined into edible oil through purification, bleaching, deodorization, and fractionation. It also highlights Indonesia's 2020 regulation requiring vitamin A fortification in packaged cooking oil to combat vitamin A deficiency.

Takeaways

• 📈 The recent news highlights a significant rise in cooking oil prices, impacting consumers due to its daily use.
• 🌱 Cooking oil can be derived from both animal and plant sources, with the script focusing on plant-based sources like palm oil.
• 🌴 The process of making palm oil involves sorting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from palm plantations to ensure quality before processing.
• 🔍 Quality control is crucial as rotten fruits can increase free fatty acid values, affecting the final product's quality.
• 🌡️ Sterilization of FFB is done using steam to facilitate the separation of the fruit's mesocarp from the nut and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the oil quality.
• 🔨 The sterilized FFB then undergoes mechanical pressing to separate the mesocarp from the nut, with the nut being further processed or used as organic fertilizer.
• 🌟 The separated mesocarp is then processed to extract oil, which is done at high temperatures to separate the oil from the fiber and nut residue.
• 💧 Crude palm oil (CPO) is further refined through purification, bleaching, and deodorization to remove impurities, color, and odors.
• 🔬 The refining process includes fractionation to separate solid and liquid fractions, resulting in products like margarine and cooking oil.
• 🌐 In 2020, the Indonesian government mandated the fortification of packaged cooking oil with vitamin A to combat vitamin A deficiency in the population.

Q & A

What is the impact of the recent oil shortage on society?

The recent oil shortage has a significant impact on society as oil is a daily necessity for cooking and food preparation. The drastic increase in oil prices affects the general public's daily consumption habits.

What are the two main sources of cooking oil?

Cooking oil can be derived from either animal sources or plant sources. Plant-based oils are also known as vegetable oils.

What are some examples of vegetable oils?

Examples of vegetable oils include palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, almond oil, canola oil, and olive oil.

Why is the freshness of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) important in the oil processing industry?

Freshness of FFB is crucial as it affects the quality of the oil produced. Overripe or rotten fruits can increase the free fatty acid value in the product, while unripe fruits can reduce the oil extraction rate.

What is the purpose of the sterilization process in palm oil production?

The sterilization process uses steam heat to facilitate the loosening of the fruit's mesocarp from its shell and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the quality of the oil.

What happens to the empty fruit bunches (EFB) after the oil extraction process?

Empty fruit bunches can be returned to the plantation as organic fertilizer or further processed to extract any remaining oil using an empty bench press.

How is the oil separated from the fruit's pulp and fiber in the oil extraction process?

The oil is separated through a process called digestion, where the fruit's pulp is crushed to separate the fiber from the nuts and release oil cells. This is followed by an extraction process at nearly 100°C to separate the crude oil from the fiber and nut residue.

What is the role of the crude palm oil (CPO) in the refining process?

CPO is the raw material that is sent to a refinery for further purification and fractionation to become edible cooking oil. This involves processes such as degumming, bleaching, deodorizing, and fractionation.

Why is the bleaching process important in the oil refining process?

The bleaching process is crucial as it removes color-causing impurities, which results in a clearer and more appealing oil. Consumers generally prefer oils with a lighter color, even though darker oils are not necessarily inferior in quality.

What is the purpose of the deodorization process in oil refining?

Deodorization removes odor-causing compounds such as free fatty acids through a high-temperature process, which helps to improve the oil's flavor and aroma.

How does the Indonesian government address vitamin A deficiency through its policies on cooking oil?

The Indonesian government mandates that packaged cooking oil must be fortified with vitamin A to help reduce vitamin A deficiency in the population.