SEJARAH MASA PENJAJAHAN BELANDA DI INDONESIA

Summary

This video delves into the colonial and imperial history of Indonesia, focusing on Dutch rule. It covers the transition from the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to direct Dutch governance post-1799. Key figures like Napoleon's brother, Louis, and governors like Herman William Daendels and Thomas Stamford Raffles are highlighted for their administrative and economic policies. The script discusses the impact of the Cultivation System and the subsequent Open Door Policy, critiquing the exploitation and suffering of Indonesians under these regimes. It emphasizes the importance of national independence and the negative legacy of Western imperialism.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The script discusses the history of colonialism and imperialism in Indonesia, focusing on Dutch rule.
• 🇳🇱 After the dissolution of the VOC in 1799, the Dutch government took direct control of the East Indies.
• 👑 In 1806, the rule of the Netherlands was indirectly under French influence due to Napoleon's brother, Louis Napoleon, becoming the king of Holland.
• 🛠️ Herman William Daendels, appointed by Louis Napoleon, implemented strategic steps to fortify Java against the British.
• 🛣️ Daendels constructed the 'Jalan Pantura', a 1100 km road from Anyer to Panarukan to facilitate military movement and resource transport.
• 🏰 Daendels reorganized the administration of Java, divided it into prefectures, and moved the capital from Sunda Kelapa to Jakarta.
• 💼 Economically, Daendels established financial oversight, issued paper money, and continued the forced labor system from the VOC era.
• 🌳 Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who succeeded Daendels, introduced policies like land rent, banned slavery, and built Bogor Palace as the administrative center.
• 🌱 Raffles was interested in Javanese culture and history, publishing 'History of Java' and initiating the Bogor Botanical Gardens.
• 📜 Raffles also relocated the Calcutta Stone, a significant cultural artifact, from Indonesia to England.
• 🌟 The script highlights the Dutch 'Cultivation System' or 'Cultuurstelsel', which focused on cash crops for international markets, impacting both Dutch profits and Indonesian livelihoods.
• 🚪 The 'Open Door Policy' or 'liberal economic system' was introduced later, allowing foreign investment but still failing to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people.

Q & A

What was the role of the Dutch government after the dissolution of the VOC in 1799?

After the VOC was dissolved in 1799, the Dutch government directly governed the territories in the East Indies until 1806.

Why was Indonesia indirectly under French control from 1806?

Indonesia was indirectly under French control from 1806 because Napoleon's brother, Louis Napoleon, was appointed as the King of Holland, which brought Dutch territories, including Indonesia, under French influence.

Who was Herman William Daendels and what was his main task in Indonesia?

Herman William Daendels was a Dutch general appointed as the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1808 to 1811. His main task was to defend Java from falling into British hands, as Britain was a rival of France in Europe.

What strategic steps did Daendels take to strengthen the defense and security of Java?

Daendels took several strategic steps including building new defense forts in Surabaya and Batavia, establishing naval bases in Anyer and Ujung Kulon, and increasing the army size by recruiting local inhabitants.

What was the significance of the 'Jalan Pantura' constructed under Daendels' administration?

The 'Jalan Pantura' was a significant road stretching approximately 1100 km from Anyer in West Java to Panarukan in East Java, facilitating rapid troop movement and the transportation of goods, including essential supplies for the colonial administration.

What administrative changes did Daendels implement in Java?

Daendels divided Java into 9 prefectures, relocated the administration from Sunda Kelapa to Jakarta, and intervened in local governments, including limiting the power of regional rulers and Bupati.

How did Daendels' economic and financial policies impact the Dutch East Indies?

Daendels established a state finance supervisory board, fought corruption, issued paper money, and continued the VOC's system of forced deliveries and taxes, which increased the financial strain on the local population.

What was the outcome of the 'Cultivation System' or 'Cultuurstelsel' introduced by the Dutch in the 19th century?

The 'Cultivation System' focused on increasing the production of cash crops like coffee, tobacco, sugar, and indigo for international markets. It brought significant profits to the Dutch but further impoverished the Indonesian people.

What was the 'Open Door Policy' or 'politiek van de open deur' and its impact on Indonesia?

The 'Open Door Policy' was an economic policy that allowed foreign investors to freely invest in Indonesia, with the colonial government acting as a facilitator. It led to increased exploitation and did not improve the welfare of the Indonesian people.

How did the historical events described in the script reflect the arrogance of Western imperialism?

The script describes how Western imperial powers, particularly France and Britain, easily exchanged control over Indonesian territories based on treaties and agreements, disregarding the sovereignty and well-being of the Indonesian people, showcasing the arrogance and exploitative nature of Western imperialism.