The difference and similarities between first language and second language acquisition
Summary
TLDRIn this video, the hosts discuss the differences and similarities between first and second language acquisition. First language acquisition is a natural, unconscious process that children undergo to learn their native language, typically reaching full proficiency by age six. Stages include phoneme reception, babbling, and telegraphic speech. Factors influencing this process include age, personality, and motivation. Second language acquisition, in contrast, is a more conscious effort often undertaken later in life, with stages such as the silent period, early production, and advanced fluency. Both processes are influenced by universal grammar, follow predictable stages, utilize context, and are affected by age.
Takeaways
- 🌱 First language acquisition is a natural process that children undergo to learn their native language without conscious effort, typically reaching full proficiency by age six.
- 📚 The difference between learning and acquisition is that learning is a conscious acceptance of knowledge about a language, while acquisition is a subconscious process.
- 👶 Stages of first language acquisition include phoneme reception, cooing, babbling, and the development of telegraphic speech, each with distinct characteristics and timeframes.
- 🧠 Factors influencing first language acquisition include age, personality, and motivation, with young children being more receptive to language learning.
- 🗣️ Noam Chomsky's quote emphasizes that acquiring a first language is inevitable for a healthy child, much like walking.
- 🌐 Second language acquisition involves learning additional languages beyond one's native tongue and typically requires more conscious effort than first language acquisition.
- 🔍 The stages of second language acquisition include the silent period, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency, each with its own milestones and challenges.
- 👶👵 Age is a significant factor in second language acquisition, with children under ten generally adapting more easily to new languages.
- 🤗 Personality plays a role in language learning, with extroverted learners often making faster progress due to their willingness to practice and take risks.
- 💡 Motivation is key for second language learners; those who enjoy the process and take pride in their progress tend to achieve higher proficiency.
- 🔄 Both first and second language acquisition share similarities such as the influence of universal grammar, predictable stages, the use of context, and the importance of age in determining proficiency.
Q & A
What is the difference between 'learning' and 'acquisition' in the context of language development?
-In the context of language development, 'learning' refers to the conscious acceptance of knowledge about a language, such as grammar or style, which is typically taught by a teacher. 'Acquisition,' on the other hand, involves the subconscious acceptance of knowledge where information is stored in the brain through the use of communication without the need for a teacher.
How does first language acquisition occur in children?
-First language acquisition is a natural process that doesn't require any conscious effort. It occurs without the need for a structured approach, and children typically achieve 100 percent proficiency within six years from birth.
What are the stages of first language acquisition as described in the script?
-The stages of first language acquisition include phoneme reception (1-4 months), cooing (4-6 months), babbling (6-8 months), the emergence of first words (12-16 months), and the telegraphic speech stage (around 2 years old).
What factors influence first language acquisition in children?
-Factors influencing first language acquisition include age, personality, and motivation. Younger children find it easier to acquire language, and their personality, such as being extroverted, can affect their willingness to practice speaking. Motivation to communicate and express themselves also plays a significant role.
What does Noam Chomsky's quote imply about first language acquisition in children?
-Noam Chomsky's quote suggests that acquiring a first language at a young age is inevitable for a healthy baby, just as walking is. It implies that children are naturally designed to learn language, and it's nearly impossible to prevent them from doing so.
How is second language acquisition different from first language acquisition?
-Second language acquisition requires more conscious effort and often occurs later in life. It builds upon the foundation of the first language and can be more rapid but also more challenging due to the influence of the native language.
What are the stages of second language acquisition mentioned in the script?
-The stages of second language acquisition include the silent period (pre-production), early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency.
How does age affect second language acquisition?
-Age plays a significant role in second language acquisition. Younger learners under the age of 10 find it easier to adapt to the new language, while older learners may face more challenges.
What similarities exist between first and second language acquisition?
-Both first and second language acquisition involve the influence of universal grammar, predictable stages with a particular structure, the use of context, and the impact of age on proficiency.
How does personality affect an individual's progress in second language acquisition?
-Introverted learners may make slower progress in second language acquisition, especially in developing oral skills, while extroverted learners are more likely to take risks and practice more, leading to faster progress.
What is the role of motivation in second language acquisition?
-Motivation plays a crucial role in second language acquisition. Students who enjoy language learning and take pride in their progress tend to perform better than those who lack motivation.
Outlines
👶 First Language Acquisition Insights
This paragraph discusses the concept of first language acquisition, which is the natural process by which children learn their native language. It contrasts 'learning' with 'acquisition,' where the former is a conscious effort to gain knowledge about a language, and the latter is a subconscious process. The paragraph outlines the stages of first language acquisition, starting from phoneme reception at one month to advanced speech development by two years. It emphasizes that this process is innate, requiring no conscious effort, and is influenced by factors such as age, personality, and motivation. Noam Chomsky's quote highlights the inevitability of language acquisition in early childhood.
📚 Second Language Acquisition Overview
The second paragraph delves into second language acquisition, which is the learning of additional languages beyond one's native tongue. It requires more conscious effort compared to first language acquisition and often occurs later in life. The stages of second language acquisition are described, from the silent period to advanced fluency, with each stage representing a progression in language proficiency. The paragraph also discusses factors affecting second language acquisition, such as age, personality, and motivation, and draws parallels with first language acquisition, noting that both processes involve universal grammar, predictable stages, context use, and are influenced by age.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡First Language Acquisition
💡Second Language Acquisition
💡Phoneme Reception
💡Babbling
💡Telegraphic Speech
💡Universal Grammar
💡Silent Period
💡Early Production
💡Intermediate Fluency
💡Advanced Fluency
💡Motivation
Highlights
First language acquisition is a natural process that children undergo to learn their native language.
Learning and acquisition are two different terms; learning is conscious knowledge acceptance, while acquisition is subconscious.
First language acquisition is completed with 100 percent proficiency within six years from birth.
The first stage of first language acquisition is phoneme reception, where babies process sounds and develop different crying styles.
Between four to six months, babies develop the ability to articulate velar consonants like 'ga' and 'ka'.
Babbling occurs between six to eight months, where babies produce multi-syllable sounds and start to understand social rules of speech.
At 12 to 16 months, babies begin to combine two words, such as 'mommy eat', and adults rely on context to understand.
By the age of two, a child can produce up to 300 words and understand five times as many, entering the telegraphic speech stage.
Factors influencing first language acquisition include age, personality, and motivation.
Noam Chomsky's quote emphasizes that acquiring a first language at a young age is inevitable for a healthy baby.
Second language acquisition refers to learning additional languages beyond one's native language.
Second language acquisition requires more conscious effort and often occurs later in life.
The first stage of second language acquisition is the silent period, where learners listen and absorb without speaking.
Early production is the second stage, where learners begin to speak using short phrases and focus on listening.
In the speech emergent stage, learners' speech becomes more frequent, and they rely on context and familiar topics.
Intermediate fluency is characterized by a vocabulary of around 6,000 words and the beginning of complex sentence use.
Advanced fluency is the final stage where individuals communicate fluently in all contexts, though accents may persist.
Factors influencing second language acquisition include age, with younger learners adapting more easily, and personality, with extroverts making faster progress.
Motivation plays a significant role in second language acquisition, with enthusiastic learners achieving more.
Both first and second language acquisition share similarities such as the influence of universal grammar and predictable stages.
Context, cognitive knowledge, and interaction are used by learners in both language acquisition processes to comprehend language.
Age is a significant variable affecting proficiency in both first and second language acquisition.
Transcripts
in this video me and afnan andrad are
going to talk about
the difference and similarities between
first language and second language
acquisition
first language acquisition refers to the
way children learn their native language
when we describe
how humans require language we use two
different
terms learning and acquisition for sure
there's a difference between learning
and acquisition learning
is the contrast acceptance of knowledge
about a language
such as the grammar or style learning
is an international process that needs a
teacher to teach and the teacher
controls
base on the other hand acquisition
involves the subconscious acceptance of
knowledge
where information is stored in the brain
through the use of communication
acquisition doesn't response teacher
and the child controls base when we talk
about first language acquisition
we find that it is a natural process
that doesn't require
any conscious efforts and it doesn't
needs in structure as well
first language acquisition completely
acquired with a
100 percent proficiency within
six years from the birth there is no
other alternative to first language
a person cannot decide his first
language
it comes to him as inheritance
birthright
now let's talk about stages of
first language acquisition starting from
one month to four months this stage
called
phoneme reception at which in vance
process
this sound they hear in the early months
of their lives turns their heads in the
direction of
sounds they develop different patterns
of crying styles to express different
needs
from four months to six months babies
develop the ability
to articulate velar consonants
such as ga and ka this stage
known as coin the third stage
bubbling takes place between six and
eight months
baby become able to make multi-syllable
or combining consonants and vowel
such as papa papa
they start to produce more complex
syllables
such as madagappa
in this stage child acquires some
experience of the social rule of speech
between 12 to 16 months babies start to
reduce
two words such as mommy eat daddy go
at the adult try to
know the meaning depends on the context
when the baby reached the age of two
years
he can produce up to 300 words and
understand five times as many now
baby starts stage called telegraphic
speech
this stage features humble syntactic
abilities as the child develop the skill
of sentence
building they produce sentence for words
like
nouns verbs and adjectives and draw
functional words like articles and
prepositions for example
baby play garden of course
there are factors involved in first
language acquisition
such as age personality and
motivation at this young age the
receiving become more
easier for the baby he will not
only develop the language but he will
master it
also the personality of the baby doesn't
make him feel shy
or hesitate the embarrassment of the
mistake
in his speaking will not make him
hesitate
the last factor for a child to acquire
language
is motivation it is make him able to
communicate with adults
get what he wants and express himself
clearly here is a quote by noam chomaski
that explains the choir a first language
at a young age
is inevitable for a healthy baby
he said we are designed to walk
that we are told to walk is impossible
and pretty much the same is true for
language
nobody is totally good in fact you can't
prevent the child from learning it
okay now let's talk about the second
language acquisition
what is the second language acquisition
second language acquisition refers to
the learning of another language
or languages beside the native language
now we differentiated between the first
language acquisition
and second language acquisition the
first language acquisition
serves as the basis of learning the
second language
the second language acquisition requires
more of a conscious effort
second language acquisition is more
rapid base of language development
and occurs more often later in life
now let's talk about the stages of
second language acquisition
the first one pre-production or the
silent period when the student takes in
the new language but doesn't speak it
this period often lasts six weeks or
longer
depending on the individual the second
is early production
the individual begins to speak using
short wars and sentence but the emphasis
is still on listening and absorbing the
new language
there will be many errors in the early
protection stage
third is a speech emergent speech
becomes more frequent
words and sentences are longer the
individual still relies
only on context closed and familiar
topics
vocabulary continues to increase and
errors begin to decrease
especially in common automated
interaction
let's move to stage number four
intermediate fluency
english language learners at the
intermediate fluency stage
have a vocabulary of around 6 000 words
they are beginning to use more complex
sentences
and they will ask a question to clarify
what they are layering in the class
at this stage a student will use
strategies from their native language
to learn content in english student
writing in this stage will help many
errors
as english language learners try to
master the complexity
of english grammar and sentences
structure a student in this stage will
also be able to understand more complex
concepts let's move to stage number five
which is the last one
advanced fluency the individual
communicates fluently in all contexts
and it can maneuver successfully
in a new context and when exposed to new
academic information
at this stage the individual may still
have an accent and use either manic
expression incorrectly at times
[Music]
but the individual is essentially fluent
and comfortable communicating in the
second language
now let's talk about the factors age
under the age of 10 it's easy to adapt
the language during that stage
personality introvert learners usually
make
lower progress per seculary
and the development of oral skills while
extroverts will make risks and thus will
give themselves
much more practice motivation students
who enjoy language learning and take
pride in their progress
will do better than those who don't now
my friend rad will complete
afnan and faye talked about first
language and second language
acquisition and the differences as there
are many differences between first
language and second language
there are also many similarities first
one is
in both first and second language
acquisition universal grammar may
influence learning
in second language learning universal
grammar may influence learning either
independently
or through the first language second is
in both first and second language
acquisition there are predictable stages
and particular structure acquired in a
set order
individuals may move more slowly or
quickly through these stages
but they cannot skip ahead next in both
first and second language acquisition
the learner uses context clause royal
knowledge
and interaction to comprehend language
finally
in both first and second language
acquisition age is an important variable
affecting proficiency
so that's it thank you for your
listening
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