Higher education is not about getting a job | Fred D'Agostino | TEDxUQ
Summary
TLDREl discurso explora las diversas razones para la educación superior, desafiando la idea predominante de que es solo para obtener un empleo. Se menciona la importancia de formar una personalidad educada que contribuya a una democracia sólida y una sociedad civilizada, según la perspectiva de Sir Robert Menzies y el Ministro de Educación, Christopher Pyne. La educación se presenta como un medio para promover el entendimiento, la participación activa en la sociedad y el respeto a la dignidad humana, con ejemplos históricos y personales que enfatizan su valor para la libertad y la igualdad.
Takeaways
- 🎓 La educación superior no solo es para conseguir un empleo, sino también para desarrollar una personalidad educada y una mente inquisitiva.
- 🌐 La expansión de la educación superior en Australia ha llevado a una discusión económica sobre su propósito, enfocándose en la provisión de una fuerza laboral educada y mejores ingresos de por vida.
- 🔍 El ministro de Educación, Christopher Pyne, resalta la idea de que la educación superior contribuye a una democracia sólida y a una sociedad civilizada.
- 📚 La educación de Sir Robert Menzies, fundador del Partido Liberal australiano, enfatizaba la formación de una mente inquisitiva y un carácter educado, lo que beneficia al individuo más allá de las habilidades técnicas.
- 🗳️ Las habilidades adquiridas a través de la educación son esenciales para participar en una sociedad democrática, incluyendo la comprensión de problemas, la expresión de ideas y la toma de decisiones informadas.
- 🤔 La educación superior permite a los individuos no solo ser espectadores, sino participantes activos en la toma de decisiones que afectan su vida y su sociedad.
- 🌟 La educación es un pilar fundamental para la democracia, fomentando valores como la libertad de pensamiento, expresión y participación en decisiones que afectan a todos.
- 📈 El informe de Truman sobre la educación superior en los Estados Unidos enfatizaba la importancia de una mente abierta y la investigación rigurosa para mantener una sociedad libre.
- 🏛️ La educación no solo es para mejorar la vida económica de un individuo, sino también para contribuir al bienestar humano y a la promoción de una sociedad más justa y equitativa.
- 📚 Malala Yousufzai, a pesar de su juventud, reconoce la importancia de la educación para la dignidad humana y para la igualdad de oportunidades, especialmente para las niñas y mujeres.
- 🌱 La educación es un derecho fundamental y una herramienta para combatir la ignorancia y promover una sociedad más informada y comprometida con los valores democráticos.
Q & A
¿Qué es lo que la gente comúnmente asocia con la educación superior según el discurso del orador?
-Según el discurso, la gente comúnmente asocia la educación superior con conseguir un empleo, lo cual es una aproximación económica al propósito de la educación superior.
¿Cuál fue el mensaje que el Ministro de Educación, Christopher Pyne, utilizó en su discurso sobre la educación superior?
-Christopher Pyne mencionó que la educación superior no solo es para desarrollar una fuerza laboral educada, sino también para contribuir a una democracia más sólida y una sociedad civilizada.
¿Qué papel consideraba Sir Robert Menzies que tenía la universidad en la formación de una personalidad educada?
-Sir Robert Menzies creía que la universidad tenía un papel importante en desarrollar no solo habilidades técnicas, sino también una mente curiosa y la formación de una personalidad educada.
¿Qué tipo de habilidades son necesarias para participar en una sociedad democrática según el discurso?
-Se necesitan habilidades como el conocimiento de los temas actuales, la capacidad de expresar y entender puntos de vista, la habilidad para tomar decisiones complejas y ejercer un buen juicio.
¿Cómo se relaciona la educación con la democracia según el informe de Harry Truman sobre la educación superior en América?
-El informe de Truman consideraba que la educación superior debía promover una democracia robusta, enseñando a los ciudadanos a entender y dirigir fuerzas que fortalezcan o debiliten sus libertades.
¿Qué evento histórico menciona el orador que muestra la importancia de la educación para la dignidad humana?
-El orador menciona el evento de los 'Little Rock Nine', donde estudiantes afroamericanos fueron impedidos de asistir a una escuela segregada y tuvieron que ser escoltados por el ejército para poder recibir educación.
¿Qué dijo John F. Kennedy en su discurso sobre la educación superior y su relación con la responsabilidad pública?
-John F. Kennedy dijo que la educación superior no solo existe para darle una ventaja económica a los graduados, sino también para que ellos reconozcan sus responsabilidades hacia el interés público y se sientan obligados a contribuir a la sociedad.
¿Qué ejemplo contemporáneo utiliza el orador para ilustrar la importancia de la educación para la democracia y la civilización?
-El orador utiliza el ejemplo de Malala Yousufzai, quien fue disparada y casi asesinada por luchar por los derechos de las niñas a la educación en el Valle de Swat, Pakistán.
¿Qué creía Malala Yousufzai sobre la educación y su relación con los problemas fundamentales de Pakistán?
-Malala Yousufzai creía que la falta de educación era la raíz de todos los problemas de Pakistán, permitiendo que políticos y administradores incompetentes se mantuvieran en el poder y que la ignorancia se propagara.
¿Cómo se describe la visión de Malala Yousufzai sobre la escuela ideal para su padre?
-La escuela ideal descrita por Malala Yousufzai incluiría escritorios, una biblioteca, computadoras, carteles brillantes en las paredes y, lo más importante, baños.
¿Qué es la discusión alternativa sobre los propósitos de la educación que menciona el orador?
-La discusión alternativa mencionada por el orador sobre los propósitos de la educación se centra en la dignidad humana y la importancia de la educación para que las personas de diferentes orígenes étnicos y religiosos puedan aprender juntas, en lugar de enfocarse únicamente en el aumento del producto nacional bruto o los ingresos de por vida.
Outlines
🎓 La educación superior y la democracia
El primer párrafo discute la percepción común de que la educación superior es principalmente para obtener empleo y cómo esta idea se ha integrado en la cultura australiana en las últimas 25 años. Sin embargo, se introduce la idea de que la educación también tiene un papel en desarrollar una personalidad educada, lo que beneficia al individuo más allá de las habilidades técnicas, fomentando una mente inquisitiva. La referencia a la discusión del Ministro de Educación, Christopher Pyne, sobre la educación y su impacto en la sociedad y la democracia, destacando la importancia de una sociedad civilizada y una democracia sólida.
🌟 Educación y participación democrática
El segundo párrafo explora la idea de que la educación no solo es para obtener un empleo, sino también para participar activamente en la democracia. Se menciona la tradición política conservadora y socialdemócrata que apoya esta idea, y se comparte la experiencia personal del orador al crecer en los Estados Unidos y cómo la educación se ha visto como una herramienta para la participación efectiva en la toma de decisiones. Se cita el informe de Harry Truman sobre la educación superior en América, enfatizando la importancia de una mente abierta y la investigación rigurosa para una sociedad libre.
🏛 La lucha por la igualdad educativa
Este párrafo narra la historia de los 'Little Rock Nine', un grupo de estudiantes afroamericanos que lucharon por su derecho a asistir a una escuela secundaria integrada en Arkansas, con la necesidad de la intervención del ejército de los Estados Unidos. La historia ilustra la importancia de la educación para la dignidad humana y cómo la segregación racial impidió a los estudiantes el ejercicio de su dignidad al no poder aprender juntos como iguales.
🏛️ Responsabilidad y privilegio en la educación
El cuarto párrafo presenta las palabras de John F. Kennedy sobre la responsabilidad de los graduados de instituciones educativas con respecto a la sociedad. Kennedy enfatiza que la educación no solo brinda ventaja económica, sino que también confiere responsabilidades hacia el interés público. Se argumenta que los privilegios, como la educación en una institución elitista, deben ser utilizados para mejorar la condición de toda la sociedad, no solo para el beneficio personal.
🌱 La educación como medio para la democracia y la civilización
El último párrafo concluye el discurso enfatizando la importancia de la educación para la democracia y la civilización. Se menciona a Malala Yousufzai, quien a pesar de haber sido atacada por luchar por los derechos de la educación de las niñas, representa la voz de los desfavorecidos y subraya la importancia de la educación para la dignidad humana y la igualdad. El orador refleja sobre la idea antigua de que la educación es fundamental para la democracia y la civilización, una idea que es relevante en nuestros tiempos.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Educación superior
💡Economía del conocimiento
💡Participación democrática
💡Personalidad educada
💡Democracia robusta
💡Sociedad civilizada
💡Dignidad humana
💡Responsabilidad social
💡Desigualdad
💡Lucha por la igualdad
Highlights
Higher education is often viewed through an economic lens, with the primary goal being to secure employment.
The discourse around higher education for employment has become ingrained in Australian culture over the past 25 years.
Minister for Education Christopher Pyne revives an old idea about the role of universities in developing an educated personality.
Sir Robert Menzies believed universities should foster an inquiring mind, benefiting individuals beyond technical skills.
Participation in higher education could lead to a more robust democracy and a civilized society.
Skills acquired through higher education are essential for active participation in a democratic society.
Higher education should equip individuals with the ability to make complex judgments and exercise good judgment.
The vision of higher education as a tool for democracy is not confined to any single political ideology.
President Harry Truman emphasized the importance of an open and inquiring mind for a free society.
The social role of education in a democracy is to enable citizens to understand and influence societal forces.
Education should cultivate democratic values, respect for human personality, and promote human well-being.
Malala Yousufzai highlights the importance of education for human dignity and its role in fostering equality.
Malala's father believed that education is a great gift and a key to solving Pakistan's problems.
The purpose of education is not solely to increase the gross national product or lifetime earnings.
Education should provide a space where people from different backgrounds can learn together and face each other as equals.
President John F. Kennedy believed that the privilege of education comes with the responsibility to serve society.
Kennedy emphasized the importance of graduates contributing to the public interest and the betterment of all.
The current gap between rich and poor in the United States is a potential threat to democracy.
The idea that education serves democracy and civilization is an old concept relevant to our times.
Transcripts
thanks ever so much for having me and
thanks for coming along today who said
that higher education was about getting
a job well actually we've had Chris did
a little warm-up act for me but I
visited 25 or 30 schools every year for
the last ten years to talk to their
guidance officers their principals and
their head teachers and that's what they
think and that's what they tell their
students higher education is about
that's what parents and children talk
about over the dinner table when
children are thinking about whether to
go to university and if so what they're
going to do when they get there and
what's going to happen after they leave
this is a discourse that's entered
Australian culture in the last 25 years
during the period of expansion of higher
education so higher education is about
getting a job and it's a very economic
approach to the whole purpose of higher
education it's got a macro element we
need an educated workforce in a
knowledge economy it's got a micro
element if you go to university you'll
get a better job and have higher
lifetime earnings than if you don't all
of those things are true of course but
there are other ideas about the purposes
of higher education and it's been very
interesting for me recently to find an
old idea for our new times in the mouth
of the Minister for Education the
Honorable Christopher Pyne who gave a
speech recently to universities
Australia and used it as an opportunity
to talk about an old idea about higher
education
that had been articulated in the 1950s
by the father of the Australian Liberal
Party Sir Robert Menzies and here's what
Christopher Pyne says about Menzies hee
Menzies understood that the university's
role in developing an educated
personality had benefits for the
individual who stood to gain not only
from the technical skills he or she
learned but also from the formation of
an enquiring mind and Pyne interprets
this idea as follows
so if many more Australians could
participate in higher education not only
would Australia have a highly skilled
workforce but we would have the makings
of a more robust democracy and a
civilized society well those are the two
ideas that are old and that might be new
again the ideas of a robust democracy
and a civilized society
that's why you go to university on this
story because then you'll be able to
contribute to the makings of a robust
democracy and a civilized society and
how does that work well there are skills
that you need in order to participate in
a democratic society you need to know
things so that when you talk to your
neighbors when you go to the local
branch meeting of the political party
that you're a member of when you think
about who to vote for you understand the
issues of the day you need to be able to
express those issues and you need to be
able to understand what other people are
telling you when they express their
views on those issues you need to be
able to make complex judgments in which
we balance a variety of competing
demands on the public purse on our
national resources you need to be able
to exercise good judgment and all of
those are things that you can get
through higher education so that you can
leave the halls of academia quipped with
the skills to be a participant in
democratic society not just a spectator
and that's the vision that a pine is
articulating now this from Pines mouth
and from Robert Menzies by implication
is an idea that he associates with a
small seed conservative political
tradition and it's there it's perfectly
appropriate to associate it in that way
but it's also somewhere else it's in the
social democratic political tradition as
well and I'm going to talk about some
things that happen in my own life
growing up in the United States that
show it in that arising out of that
tradition and it's kind of interesting
that some of our most profound ideas
actually have multiple sources
so it's not just a conservative idea
that if you're educated you can
participate more effectively and
decisions that affect you it's also a
social democratic idea so it doesn't
matter where you are on the political
spectrum whether or not you can accept
and embrace this inspiring idea that
education has a purpose in relation to
democracy and I want to begin with
something that happened around the time
I was born in the wake of the Second
World War and it was a report that the
then president Harry Truman I got a
picture of Harry there's Robert Menzies
here's Harry Truman it was a report that
Harry Truman commissioned about the
future of higher education in America
and here's what the conclusions of that
report were Truman in Australian terms
is much more like the the Labour Party
in Australian political terms here's
what it says the open and inquiring mind
and the habits of rigorous and
disciplined investigation are the marks
of free men and the sinews of a free
society I just love that phrase the
sinews of a free society the purpose of
higher education is precisely to promote
a robust democracy here's what they say
it's a commonplace of the democratic
faith that in education is indispensable
to the maintenance and growth of freedom
of thought faith enterprise and
Association thus the social role of
education in a democratic society is to
enable the citizens to understand a
praise and redirect forces Men and
events as these tend to strengthen or to
weaken their liberties
the first and most essential charge upon
higher education not to get you a job
okay
not even to provide you with an
internship you don't need one of those
Courtney me Chris it shall be the
character of democratic values ideals
and processes and cultivate democracies
abiding elements it's respect for human
personality its insistence on the
fullest freedom of belief and expression
for all its citizens its principles that
all should participate in decisions that
concern themselves it's faith in reason
and it's deep obligations to promote
human well-being what is a democracy if
it's not a society in which all
participate in decisions that affect
themselves and how can you participate
effectively by being knowledgeable by
have cultivated in an acute judgment and
a sense of balance among competing
interests and how can you acquire or
hone those skills you can do so through
your education one of the things that is
crucial to be a democratic citizen is to
be able to approach each other as equals
to be able to listen to be able to talk
to be able to hear what people are
saying to you and that provides not just
a right of participation but a basis for
dignity I'm facing you as a fellow
creature you're facing me as a fellow
creature in
57 and I watched this on television nine
teenage students they were a few years
older than me but you know in my same
age cohort really
were brought to Little Rock State High
School in the state of Arkansas by the
hundred and first Airborne Division of
the United States Army and the presence
of the hundred and first Airborne
Division was necessary because the
governor of Arkansas had previously
mobilized
the National Guard of the state of
Arkansas to prevent these students from
entering Little Rock High School I'm not
making any of this up it happened in my
lifetime I watched it on television and
it happened in the United States of
America Dwight Eisenhower had to
mobilize the Screaming Eagle Division of
the United States Army in order to make
it possible for these students to go to
high school
why because Little Rock High School was
segregated by race it was an apartheid
system if you were white you could go to
Little Rock High School if you were not
you went to another high school
how can people face each other with
dignity if they cannot sit in the same
classroom together
fact that the high school for
african-americans was markedly inferior
by every measure of resourcing and the
quality of the instruction that was on
offer is another element of course but
simply the separation of students by
race meant that their ability to face
each other as equals was denied from the
start
never given a chance to develop what did
the Little Rock Nine won did they want a
better job all the evidence that we have
from their subsequent testimony was that
that wasn't the reason that they wanted
to go to high school with other children
in their community what they wanted was
a chance to exercise their human dignity
by learning to talk with each other as
equals if we fast forward to 1963 I was
just about ready to go to university
myself I'd I was in my final year of
high school and I went on a rite of
passage trip with my oldest friend um
I'm going to see in a few weeks it's our
50th high school reunion in a few weeks
I haven't seen him since 1964 but in
1963 we went on a trip and we visited
universities that we thought we might
want to attend the following year it's a
kind of a road trip that a lot of
American University students used to do
I don't know whether they still do that
with the internet now but anyway he'd
get in a car and you'd pack a bag and
you'd be away for a week and we went to
Cornell which is where he eventually
went to uni and we went to Williams call
it Dartmouth and Williams College and
Amherst College and when we got to
Amherst it was very weird because we
drove into town and at every scorner
there were state police cars and state
police men standing outside the cars
looking very alert and kind of worried
and we had no idea what we had
encountered what we had walked into or
driven into but actually President John
Kennedy
was there that weekend and he was giving
the only address of his presidency on
Higher Education and he was giving it at
the opening uh no not the opening the
groundbreaking of a library that I
subsequently sat in and did doodles in
the margins while looking at you know
into the middle distance thinking about
girls from Smith College instead of
first year history and the library was
named after Robert Frost who had been
the poet in residence at Amherst College
for many years subsequently died and the
connection with Kennedy is the frost had
spoken at Kennedy's inaugural and so so
he came to Amherst College to give a
groundbreaking address at the at the at
the college and here's what he said this
is something that I actually heard in
real life I didn't watch this on
television he's probably got the
American Civil Rights Movement in mind
if not the actual events involving the
Little Rock Nine what good is a college
or university unless it is serving a
great national purpose this college does
not exist merely to give this school's
graduates an advantage and economic
advantage and the life struggle it does
do that but in return for that and
return for the great opportunity which
society gives the graduates it seems to
me incumbent upon this schools graduates
to recognize their responsibilities to
the public interest privileges here and
with privilege goes responsibility there
is inherited wealth in this country and
also inherited poverty and unless the
graduates of this college who are given
a running start in life unless they are
willing to put back into our society
those talents the broad sympathy the
understanding the compassion unless
they're willing to put those qualities
back into the service of the great
Republic then obviously the
presuppositions upon which our democracy
our democracy
our based are bound to be fallible
Kennedy thought that privilege the great
privilege of privilege is in a way to
extinguish privilege
chances that we were being given at an
elite college were chances that we had
to turn to the betterment of all and
that if we weren't able to do that one
of the fundamental basis for democracy
would be undermined that if we
constituted ourselves as as an elite
living in a bubble
indifferent to the poverty that we saw
around us that our democracy would be
undermined we may be witnessing that
happening now in the United States
Kennedy was speaking at a time when the
gap between rich and poor was two orders
of magnitude less than it is now he was
speaking at a time when there was still
very little difference between the rich
and the poor in monetary terms anyway
compared to the differences that exists
now my final example is really a
contemporary one and it's a malala
yousufzai and in case you don't
recognize her picture and she's a young
Pakistani woman and I guess she's still
still a girl really she's still only 16
years old and a couple of years ago she
was shot and nearly killed for standing
up partly through her social networking
and partly through her use of the BBC
World Service for standing up for the
rights of girls to be educated in the
Swat Valley in Pakistan and she was shot
for her troubles and she too recognized
the importance of education in relation
to human dignity and and again this is
an alternative discourse about what the
purposes of education are are the
purposes of Education to increase the
gross national product are the purposes
of education to increase your lifetime
earnings no the purposes of Education
lie elsewhere and here's what she had to
say and she's speaking of her father who
was also an educational reformer in in
Pakistan
he said his sister's my aunt's did not
go to school at all just like millions
of girls in my country education had
been a great gift for him he believed
that lack of education was at the root
of all Pakistan
problems ignorance allowed politicians
to fool people and bad administrators to
be re-elected he believes schooling
should be available for all rich and
poor boys and girls the school that my
father dreamed of would have desks and a
library computers bright posters on the
wall and most important washrooms Malala
yousufzai does not speak from power and
privilege as John Kennedy did at Amherst
in 1963 she speaks from the disempowered
to the disempowered and she speaks not
of jobs and not of the gross national
product but of the dignity that
washrooms and bright posters and
computers and a chance for girls and
boys for people from different ethnic
and religious backgrounds to sit
together to learn together the
importance of that for democracy and for
a civilized society so this is an old
idea an idea that has roots in the
conservative political tradition an idea
that has roots in the social democratic
political tradition this is an old idea
that education is for democracy that
education is for civilization
that is ripe for our new times thank
[Applause]
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