ENGLISH 9: CONDITIONALS

Summary

In this educational video, Teacher Ellen Jane Sierra Gaza from Hawaiian City National High School guides Grade 9 students through English conditionals, explaining their structures and uses. She covers zero, first, second, and third conditionals, illustrating each with examples and activities. The session explores real and hypothetical situations, helping students understand how to express abilities, possibilities, and obligations clearly. The lesson concludes with a quiz to reinforce learning, emphasizing the importance of daydreaming as a creative outlet during quarantine.

Takeaways

• 📚 The lesson is focused on understanding and using modal verbs and conditionals in English.
• 🗣️ Teacher Ellen Jane Sierra Gaza from Hawaiian City National High School is the instructor for this learning session.
• 🔄 Modal verbs express different concepts such as ability (can, could), possibility (may, might), permission (may, can, could, will, would), and obligation (must, have to).
• 🚫 'Mustn't' is used to express prohibition.
• 🌌 Daydreaming is described as a series of pleasant thoughts about preferable activities or future achievements, which can be real or imaginary.
• ✈️ Daydreams may include unrealistic scenarios like flying to the moon or meeting celebrities.
• 🔢 Conditionals are categorized into four types: Zero, First, Second, and Third, each with a specific structure and use case.
• 🌐 Zero conditionals describe universal truths and habits, using 'if' or 'when' followed by present simple tense in both clauses.
• 🔮 First conditionals are used for predictions, plans, and possible future outcomes, structured as 'if' or 'when' plus present simple, then 'will' or 'going to' plus verb.
• 🤔 Second conditionals are for hypothetical and unlikely situations, following the 'if' plus simple past, 'would' plus verb structure.
• 🏆 Third conditionals reflect on past unreal situations and their consequences, using 'if' plus past perfect, 'would have' plus past participle.
• 📝 The lesson includes an activity where students construct sentences based on pictures using the four types of conditionals.
• 📉 A quiz is provided at the end of the lesson to test students' understanding of the conditionals covered.
• 🌟 The benefits of daydreaming are mentioned, such as stress relief and problem-solving, but it's advised to do it in moderation.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is the explanation and use of conditionals in English, including zero, first, second, and third conditionals.

Who is the speaker in the script?

The speaker in the script is Teacher Ellen Jane Sierra Gaza from Hawaiian City National High School.

What are modal verbs used to express in sentences?

Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility, prohibition, permission, and obligation in sentences.

Which modal verbs are used to express ability according to the script?

The modal verbs used to express ability are 'can' and 'could'.

What is the structure of a zero conditional sentence?

The structure of a zero conditional sentence is 'if or when' plus present simple, plus present simple.

What does the first conditional express?

The first conditional expresses predictions, plans, offers, promises, suggestions, and warnings about possible future outcomes.

What is the difference between 'if' and 'when' in conditional sentences?

The difference between 'if' and 'when' is that 'if' is used when there is a chance that the action might happen, while 'when' is used when the action is certain to happen.

What is the structure of a second conditional sentence?

The structure of a second conditional sentence is 'if' plus simple past, 'would' plus verb.

What does the third conditional express?

The third conditional is used to express hypothetical or unreal situations in the past and their imagined past consequences.

What is the purpose of the activity involving pictures in the script?

The purpose of the activity involving pictures is to practice constructing sentences using the four types of conditionals based on the images provided.

What is the final advice given by the teacher regarding daydreaming?

The final advice is that daydreaming is okay and has benefits such as reducing stress and helping problem-solving, but it should be done in moderation as excess of anything is not good.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Conditionals in English Grammar

Teacher Ellen Jane Sierra Gaza introduces the lesson on conditionals, emphasizing their importance in expressing ability, possibility, prohibition, permission, and obligation in English. She reviews modal verbs and their uses, then leads into a discussion about daydreaming as a form of escapism during quarantine. The paragraph concludes with an introduction to conditional sentence structures, highlighting the 'if' clause and its role in setting conditions for hypothetical situations.

05:02

📘 Understanding the Types of Conditionals

This paragraph delves into the different types of conditionals: zero, first, second, and third. Each conditional is explained with its respective clause structure, distinguishing between real and unreal conditions. The zero conditional is associated with permanent truths and habits, while the first conditional addresses possible future outcomes. The second and third conditionals explore hypothetical situations in the present/future and past, respectively, with examples provided to illustrate their usage.

10:04

🔍 Zero and First Conditionals: Facts and Predictions

The distinction between zero and first conditionals is clarified, with zero conditionals describing general truths and habits, and first conditionals dealing with predictions and plans for the future. Examples are given to demonstrate the subtle differences in meaning between these two types of conditionals, emphasizing the importance of context in determining which to use.

15:04

🚀 Second and Third Conditionals: Hypothetical Situations

The focus shifts to second and third conditionals, which are used for hypothetical and unreal situations. The second conditional is exemplified by situations that are unlikely to occur, while the third conditional is used to express regrets or past unrealized actions and their potential outcomes. The structure of these conditionals is outlined, and examples are provided to illustrate their application in expressing imaginary scenarios.

20:05

🎨 Interactive Activity with Conditionals

An interactive activity is introduced where students are prompted to construct sentences using the four types of conditionals based on provided pictures. This activity aims to reinforce the understanding of conditionals through practical application. The paragraph concludes with the teacher's attempt to guess the sentences students might have formed, providing a playful and engaging conclusion to the lesson.

25:06

📝 Quiz and Conclusion of the Lesson

The lesson concludes with a quiz to test students' understanding of the four conditionals, with examples of sentences to be completed. The teacher provides answers and explains the type of each conditional used in the quiz. A final reminder about the benefits of daydreaming in moderation is given, and the session ends with an encouragement to continue learning and a farewell message.

Keywords

💡Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express ability, possibility, permission, prohibition, or obligation. In the video, they are used to explain the different types of modal verbs and their functions in sentences, such as 'can' and 'could' for ability, 'may' and 'might' for possibility, and 'must' for obligation. They are essential for constructing conditional sentences, which is a central theme of the video.

💡Daydreaming

Daydreaming refers to a state of mind where one has a series of pleasant thoughts about desired future events or achievements. The video uses daydreaming as a relatable example to engage learners, discussing how it can be a form of escapism during quarantine. It also serves as a lead-in to the concept of hypothetical situations, which is integral to understanding conditionals.

💡Conditionals

Conditionals are a grammatical structure used to express different levels of probability or unreality in sentences. The video provides an in-depth look at four types of conditionals: zero, first, second, and third. Each conditional is explained with its structure and usage, illustrating how they help in expressing hypothetical or real situations and outcomes.

💡Zero Conditional

The zero conditional, also known as the real conditional, is used to express facts, general truths, and habits. In the script, examples like 'if you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils' demonstrate the use of the zero conditional to convey scientific facts that are universally true.

💡First Conditional

The first conditional, or possible conditional, is used for likely future events or predictions. It follows the structure 'if + present simple, will + verb'. The video script uses examples such as 'if you come to the party, I will be very happy' to illustrate how first conditionals are used to talk about possible future outcomes based on present conditions.

💡Second Conditional

The second conditional is used to express unreal or unlikely situations and their hypothetical outcomes. It follows the structure 'if + simple past, would + verb'. The video gives examples like 'if I won the lottery, I would travel around the world' to show how second conditionals are used for imagining scenarios that are not probable to occur.

💡Third Conditional

The third conditional is used to talk about past situations and their imagined outcomes if things had been different. It follows the structure 'if + past perfect, would have + past participle'. The video script includes examples such as 'if she had driven carefully, she would not have had an accident' to demonstrate expressing regrets or past hypothetical situations.

💡Imperative Sentences

Imperative sentences are used to give commands or instructions. In the video, the script mentions an example of a zero conditional used as an imperative, 'if it's hot, turn on the air conditioner', to illustrate how conditionals can also be used to instruct someone to do something in a specific situation.

💡Habitual Actions

Habitual actions refer to things that people regularly do as part of their routine or lifestyle. The video uses the zero conditional to describe habitual actions, such as 'if children swim in the pool, parents watch over them', to show how certain actions are expected to follow certain conditions as a matter of routine.

💡Subjunctive Mood

The subjunctive mood is used to express various states of unreality or hypothetical situations. In the video, the subjunctive mood is mentioned in the context of the second conditional, using 'were' instead of 'was' with the subject 'I' to talk about hypothetical situations that are not real, such as 'if I were the president'.

💡Educational Engagement

Educational engagement refers to the strategies used by educators to involve and interest students in the learning process. The video script demonstrates this through interactive elements like asking learners about their daydreams, providing relatable examples, and encouraging participation in activities, which are all aimed at making the lesson on conditionals more engaging and understandable.

Highlights

Introduction to the lesson on modal verbs and their functions in sentences.

Explanation of modal verbs expressing ability, possibility, permission, prohibition, and obligation.

Review of the previous lesson on the use of modal verbs in different contexts.

Discussion on daydreaming as a form of mental escape during quarantine.

Engagement with students through guessing their daydreams and aspirations.

Introduction to conditionals and their structure in English sentences.

Explanation of Zero Conditional with examples of permanent truths and general habits.

Differentiation between 'if' and 'when' in conditional sentences.

Real-life examples of Zero Conditional used in instructions and habits.

Introduction to First Conditional for talking about possible future events.

Examples of First Conditional used in predictions, plans, and warnings.

Clarification on the difference between Zero and First Conditionals.

Explanation of Second Conditional for hypothetical and unlikely situations.

Examples of Second Conditional used in imaginary scenarios and hypothetical questions.

Introduction to Third Conditional for talking about past unreal situations and their outcomes.

Examples of Third Conditional used to express regrets and past hypothetical outcomes.

Interactive activity where students construct sentences using the four types of conditionals.

Quiz time to test students' understanding of the four conditionals.

Conclusion of the lesson with a reminder of the benefits of daydreaming in moderation.

Closing remarks encouraging continuous learning and safety.

Transcripts

[Music]

hi there grade 9 learners i'm so glad to

be with you this learning session

welcome to our school on air in english

9.

i am teacher ellen jane sierra gaza from

hawaiian city national high school main

campus schools division of coin city

i am your teacher throughout this

learning episode so please don't go away

and stay with me until the end okay

how are you today dear learners i hope

you're doing great in your studies

are you bored already staying home

before we begin with today's lecture let

us first have a short review about the

previous lesson we had which was about

models and their functions in sentences

a model is a type of auxiliary helping

verb that is used to express ability

possibility

prohibition permission or obligation

models express ability

are can and could

while may and might express possibility

the modal verbs that express permission

are the following

may

can

could

will and would

meanwhile the word masen expresses

prohibition

and lastly models expressing obligation

are the words must

have to and o2

do always remember to use models

properly to tell exactly you want to

convey or express

before we start our new lesson for today

we ask you something

have you done daydreaming

daydreaming comes from the word daydream

it is a series of pleasant thoughts

about something you would prefer to be

doing

or something you would like to achieve

in the future

it may be something real or just

imaginary events or situations

well i know during this period of

quarantine

many of our usual pastimes are

unavailable to us

and daydreaming has become a welcome

skate i know this for sure

how about you my dear learners

what do you they dream

let me guess

maybe you are thinking about the

following

if you have wings

you will fly to the moon and have fun

this sounds so interesting doesn't it

i myself also daydream to fly to the

moon like needle

the first american astronaut to land

onto it

what a great moment it would be

let me have another guess

some of you might be thinking

if you visit south korea you will watch

bts and long peak concerts

did i guess them right

i know many of you are so in love with

these k-pop groups from south korea am i

correct

some of you are also dying to see some

big stars in korean movie industry like

hyundai

park bogo seong haikyuu and many more

okay let's guess

you might be dreaming about this

if you have super power

you will eliminate covet 19 virus

this is so great isn't it

what kind of power do you want to

possess then

a well may be like cyclops of x-men who

emits powerful beams of energy from his

eyes

definitely that could kill the deadly

virus in an instant

my dear learners let's go back to the

statements i mentioned a while ago

sentence number one

if you have wings

you will fly to the moon and have fun

sentence number two

if you visit korea

you will watch bts and blank pink

concerts

in sentence number three if you have

super power

you will eliminate covet 19 virus

what do you notice about the sentence

construction of each statement

that's right

each sentence

starts with the word if

and it has two main clauses

we call this as conditionals

stay with me and let us learn together

as we explore the world of conditionals

hey you ready

so find a calming place to stay and lend

me your ears alright

[Music]

learning to use conditionals

helps you to express yourself clearly

and really be creative in english

conditionals may be

real or unreal

real conditionals used to talk about

what do you normally do in real life

situations

while and real conditionals are

conditions that are not real

imaginary or unlikely to happen

okay i'm going to begin with the

overview of conditionals

we have four conditionals

zero conditional

first conditional

second conditional

and the third conditional

each conditional has an if clause and a

main clause

the structure of a zero conditional is

very simple

if or when

plus present simple

plus present simple

the sentence formation of the first

conditional is this

if or when

plus present simple

plus

will or one less verb

next is the second conditional which

follows this pattern

if plus simple pass

would plus verve

and lastly the third conditional with

this pattern

if

plus past perfect

would have

plus past participle

the if clause is the condition

and the main clause is the result or

outcome

example

if i see taylor swift

i will take a picture with her

very conditional used to talk about

permanent truths such as scientific

facts instructions and general habits

zurich conditional is also called the

factual or the real conditional because

we use it to talk about truths and facts

things that are in real world

we also use it to talk about habits

rules and to give instructions that are

results of something happening first

so in other words if this happens

then this is the result

simple as that

you want more examples

here are they

if you heat water to 100 degrees celsius

it boils

if you eat ice

it

melts see

they are facts

they stitch it right

and they follow the sentence structure

of a zero conditional sentence

if or when

plus present simple plus present simple

aside from the word if we can use the

word when as a replacement because boss

are pretty similar in meaning

we can say when you heat water to 100

degrees celsius it boils

when you hit ice

it melts

awesome right

we use if when there is a chance that

the action will happen but it might not

happen as well

if does happen then we know the exact

results will be

example

if we eat fruits and vegetables

i feel fit and healthy

there is a chance this might happen

because we do not exactly know

if we can eat fruits and vegetables

daily

but if we are so sure that the action

will happen

then we are going to use when

we might not be very sure when the

action will happen

but we are sure that it will be going to

happen

okay examples when i eat fruits and

vegetables i feel fit and healthy

when she goes to the gym to exercise

she feels stronger

specific time does not matter but we

know the action will take place

back to forming zero conditionals

let us look on this few examples here

if you hit ice it melts

if it rains the grass gets wet

these are all facts right

how about this sentence

if it's hot

turn on the air conditioner

what kind of sentence is this

you are correct still this is azure

conditional in form

since it has the condition and the

result

this is an example of a conditional

giving instruction

it is an imperative

i am distracting you to do something on

a particular situation

take a look at this next example

if i drink i do not drive

tell me

what does this zero conditional express

you write again this one expresses a

habit that if you get drunk definitely

it is a rule that you must not be

driving

there is a habit something you do always

how about if we use zero conditional to

talk about rules

how does it go

you have to study this example

if children swim in the pool

parents watch over them

you see

it has two clauses

the if clause

and the main clause

now let's move to the first conditional

or we call it the possible conditional

here we are not talking about facts

anymore

okay

these are things that are absolutely

true

we are talking about

possible future results

many of us might be thinking about the

future

what might be the results of our actions

today

sounds very interesting

we use the first conditional to talk

about

predictions

superstitions

plans

offers

promises

suggestions and

warnings

wow this is so overwhelming that there

are a lot that we can use in the first

conditional

so

all of this is speak about what likely

to happen in the future as future

results or outcomes

in here we are not using the present

simple tense anymore since we are now

talking about the future

it means

if this happens

this will likely happen

simple as that take a closer look at

these examples

if you come to the party i will be very

happy

it is possible that you will come to the

party

in this condition i will be

very happy

if i get a good job i will buy a car

it is possible that i will get a good

job

so in this case

i will buy a car

you see

these sentences talk about real

possibilities in the future

this sentences follow the pattern

if or when

plus present simple plus will or one

plus verb

just like in zero conditional we can

still use

the word if or when

and it depends on how sure we are that

something might be going to happen

when

tells us that we are so confident that

the action is going to happen

and the main clause is most likely the

outcome

example

if you eat a lot you will gain weight

definitely possible if someone eats more

than his body needs

for sure extra weight will be added to

him or her

so we are done talking about zero

conditional and the first conditional

but

what is their difference

and why would you choose one over the

other

now let's take a closer look on these

two examples

if you leave the milk out

it spoils

if you leave the milk out

it will spoil

do you find them confusing

how they are different in meaning

which one is correct

they are both correct

the first is e0 conditional and the

other one is first conditional

as you have noticed in their forms but

they mean not the same

in the first sentence

it stays a general suit or fact that if

you leave the milk out the bridge

it spoils

while in the second sentence it tells

about the current situation and its

possible outcome

that if we

leave the milk out in the fridge it will

spoil

so

it is just like a warning about a

present situation

now let's proceed to the second

conditional

second conditional is used in situations

actions in the present or future

which are not likely to happen or are

imaginary

hypothetical or impossible

example

if i won the lorry i would travel around

the world and buy a castle

this is unlikely to win already right

it is possible but definitely unlikely

to happen

now let's go back again how does a

second conditional look like i'm mean

the sentence formation

if

plus simple pass

would

plus verb

so easy to follow right

let us have an example

if i were the president i would lower

taxes

is this something that will unlikely to

happen

then this is a good example of second

conditional

in here

the if clause is the condition

we are talking about hypothetical

situation here right

the result suggests what if

if he becomes the president which is

something very impossible to happen

this is just an imagination

we can also use conditionals to ask

hypothetical questions to ask

to imagine

what he would do in a different

situation

so the situations are not real

but very fun to ask such questions

if you want million dollars would you

travel around the world

if you only had one day to live on earth

what would you do

see how fun these questions can be

now try to answer the questions for fun

if you want million dollars would you

travel around the world

if you only had one day to live on earth

what would you do

for me if i won million dollars i would

travel around the world with my loved

ones

if i had only one day to live i would

make it very meaningful by doing the

things i had never done before

how about you

send me your answers later okay

second conditional you usually imagine

what would you do if you are in that

situation

say for example

if i were you

i would tell my parents about the

bullying that happened to me in school

in my example you might be wondering why

i use where with the subject i

the reason we use where instead of was

is because the sentence is in the

subjunctive mode which is used for

imaginary situations

it also expresses a reason why you can't

do something

for example

if i had the money i would lend it to

you

you don't need to explain yourself any

further because this sentence already

explained that you don't have

now let's proceed to the last

conditional on the list

the third conditional

just like the previously discussed

conditionals the third conditional has

two clauses

the if clause and the main clause

this one talks about a pass but not a

true pass but

an unreal pass

sounds intriguing right

we use this to imagine in the past and

imagine our results in the past

let us study these examples

if she had driven carefully

she would not have met an accident

if he had studied he would have passed

the exam

these sentences follow the pattern

if plus past perfect would plus half

plus past participle

so based on the examples we may say that

the third conditionals are used to show

regrets about the past

things that we could change something in

the past

or

tell someone the things he did in the

past

in the third conditional we can replace

the word would have into other modal

verbs like might and could

use might to show possibility or

probability

example

if he studied more

she might have passed

you see

third conditional is used to express the

past consequences of an unrealistic

action or situation in the past

alright we are done now discussing the

use of the four conditionals in various

situations either real or imaginary

now let us have an enjoyable activity

this time

i am going to show you pictures

you have to construct sentences using

the four conditionals based on the

pictures okay

get your pen and peep right now

are you ready

so let us start

[Music]

so

[Music]

[Music]

[Music]

[Applause]

[Music]

[Music]

i know there that you have constructed

correct sentences

so let me guess what you have formed

number one

if the sun sets

it gets dark

number two

if the policeman catches the thief

he will go to jail

number three

if you leave the fruit under the sun it

shrinks

number four

if i meet queen elizabeth in london i

would hug her tight

and lastly

if i had not missed the bus i might have

attended daniel padilla's concert

with your students do you have exact

sentences

or do we have almost the same sentences

yes congratulations you did it well

so i assume that everything is clear and

well understood

and now it's quiz time let us check your

understanding about our lesson for today

so

grab a pen and paper for your answers

complete the conditional sentences below

write the correct form of the verb in

the parenthesis

number one

if we violate health protocols

the virus

belongs rapidly

number two

if plants don't have water

sunlight and soil

they

blank

number three if you mix hydrogen and

oxygen

you blank water

number four if we blank early

we blank kylie jenner

and lastly number five

if i blank the answer

i blank it to you

shall we check now your answers

number one

will spread

the sentence is an example of

first conditional

number two die the sentence

is a zero conditional

number three form

another example of

zero conditional

number four

head

would have seen

this is under the third conditional

and number five

nu

would tell

this is on the second conditional

i hope in this episode you have clearly

visualized the difference among the four

conditionals as their forms and meanings

and sentences

remember with those slight changes in

sentences mean big difference in the

sentences context

right dear learners today dream is okay

because it has benefits in the different

aspects of life like lessening stress

and anxiety

helping you solve problems

and helping you reach your goals and

more

but remember you have to do it in

moderation because

everything in excess is not good at all

that ends our session for today if you

still have questions and clarifications

please don't hesitate to ask your

english teachers

indeed today we have learned many great

insights

watch out for another learning episode

of our lesson in english nine here on

our school on air

this has been teacher ellen jane saying

never stop learning because life never

stops teaching

keep safe and god bless bye

[Music]

you