The Circular Economy: A Simple Explanation | Cillian Lohan | TEDxYouth@EEB3
Summary
TLDREl discurso narra la evolución del modelo económico desde la economía lineal 'tomar-hacer-desechar' hacia la economía circular, que promueve la reutilización y el diseño sostenible de productos. La oradora comparte historias de su infancia en Irlanda, donde la reutilización y la reparación eran comunes, y contrasta esto con la actual dependencia tecnológica y el desperdicio. Explica cómo la economía circular puede reducir el desperdicio y la extracción de recursos, fomentando una mayor responsabilidad y sostenibilidad, y sugiere que cambios en la forma de pensar y consumir son fundamentales para un futuro próspero y ecológicamente consciente.
Takeaways
- 🌱 La economía circular se centra en transformar el modelo económico tradicional, enfocándose en la reutilización y la reducción de desperdicio.
- 🛠️ El pasado, especialmente en Irlanda de los años 40, era un tiempo de mayor recursos y sostenibilidad, donde las cosas eran construidas para durar y ser reparables.
- 🚗 La tecnología y la innovación han avanzado rápidamente, pero han traído consigo problemas ambientales y de desperdicio, lo que requiere un cambio en nuestro modelo económico.
- 🔄 La economía circular busca crear un ciclo continuo de producción y consumo, evitando la extracción de recursos y la generación de desperdicios.
- ♻️ El diseño ecológico es fundamental en la economía circular, donde los productos son diseñados para ser reparados, duraderos y desmontables para recuperar materiales.
- 📱 Los cambios en la forma de propiedad y la adopción de servicios en lugar de la posesión de bienes material, como el ejemplo de los teléfonos inteligentes en un modelo de arrendamiento.
- 🌐 La economía circular promueve la fabricación localizada, lo que puede traer empleo y prosperidad a áreas que tradicionalmente no las tenían.
- 💡 Empresas como Phillips están adoptando prácticas circulares, ofreciendo servicios en lugar de productos físicos, como la iluminación en lugar de vender bombillas.
- 🌍 El cambio hacia una economía circular tiene múltiples beneficios, incluyendo la reducción de la huella de carbono y la preservación de los recursos naturales.
- 🔧 La economía circular también implica un cambio en el uso de energía, promoviendo fuentes renovables para el proceso productivo.
- 👶 Compartir historias y enseñanzas sobre la importancia de la sostenibilidad y la economía circular con las generaciones futuras es crucial para asegurar un futuro próspero y sostenible.
- 📚 La economía circular es una idea transformadora que, junto con otras ideas innovadoras, puede ayudar a cambiar la dirección de la sociedad hacia un modelo más responsable y equitativo.
Q & A
¿Qué es la economía circular y cómo difiere de la economía lineal?
-La economía circular es un modelo económico que busca minimizar la desperdicio y maximizar el uso de recursos, en contraposición a la economía lineal, también conocida como 'tomar-hacer-desechar', que implica extraer recursos, producir bienes y generar desechos al final de su vida útil.
¿Cómo describió el orador la Irlanda de los años 40 y cómo influenció su padre en su forma de pensar?
-El orador describió la Irlanda de los años 40 como un lugar donde las personas eran más recursosas y no desperdiciaban nada, ya que las cosas eran preciadas y construidas para durar. Esto influenció en su padre y, a través de las historias de su infancia, en el orador mismo, quien se dio cuenta de la evolución de la sociedad y la importancia de la sostenibilidad.
¿Qué cambios tecnológicos menciona el orador que han tenido lugar desde la infancia de su padre hasta el presente?
-El orador menciona el cambio de caballos en las calles a coches en los garajes, la aparición de teléfonos en las casas, la exploración espacial y el desarrollo de tecnologías como los teléfonos inteligentes y los coches autónomos.
¿Por qué es importante cambiar nuestro modelo económico de lineal a circular?
-Es importante cambiar a un modelo circular porque la economía lineal está agotando recursos críticos, generando cantidades abrumadoras de desechos y contribuyendo al cambio climático, lo cual tiene efectos negativos en el planeta y la sociedad.
¿Qué problemas menciona el orador con la extracción de materiales primarios en la economía lineal?
-El orador menciona que se están extrayendo materiales primarios a una tasa más rápida que su capacidad de renovación, lo que lleva a la escasez de algunos recursos críticos y a problemas de sostenibilidad en sectores como la construcción debido a la falta de arena.
¿Cuál es la propuesta del orador para abordar los problemas del modelo económico lineal?
-El orador propone la adopción de una economía circular, que implica un cambio sistemático en cómo pensamos, nos comportamos y consumimos, enfocándose en el uso de materiales secundarios, el diseño ecológico y una transformación en la forma en que percibimos la propiedad y el uso de servicios.
¿Qué es el diseño ecológico y cómo se relaciona con la economía circular?
-El diseño ecológico es el proceso de diseñar productos para que sean reparables, duraderos y, al final de su vida útil, puedan desmontarse y recuperarse los materiales primarios, lo que contribuye a reducir la dependencia de extraer nuevos recursos del suelo.
¿Cómo debería cambiar nuestra percepción de la propiedad en el contexto de la economía circular?
-En la economía circular, deberíamos cambiar nuestra percepción de la propiedad de ser dueños de los bienes a ser usuarios de servicios, lo que implica un cambio en el modelo de propiedad donde, por ejemplo, las empresas retienen la titularidad de los productos y los consumidores solo acceden al uso del servicio que estos proporcionan.
¿Qué ejemplos da el orador de cómo las empresas están adoptando la economía circular?
-El orador menciona a Philips, que ofrece contratos de iluminación en los que provee el servicio de luz en lugar de vender bombillas y accesorios, permitiendo que, en caso de que se rompan, puedan recuperar los materiales y reutilizarlos.
¿Qué esperanza le da el orador al ver cómo sus hijos entienden la importancia de no desperdiciar y mantener el valor en los productos?
-El orador se siente optimista porque su hijos consideran que no desperdiciar y mantener el valor en los productos es una idea obvia, lo que indica que las nuevas generaciones pueden ser más receptivas a la economía circular y a la sostenibilidad.
¿Cómo cree el orador que podemos mejorar nuestra sociedad a través de la adopción de la economía circular y otras ideas transformadoras?
-El orador cree que combinando la economía circular con otras ideas transformadoras, podemos cambiar nuestra trayectoria y crear una sociedad mejor, donde podamos contar con un final feliz en la historia de la humanidad.
Outlines
🌱 La Economía Circular y la Transformación del Futuro
El primer párrafo introduce la idea de la economía circular como un concepto transformador, partiendo de la historia de la infancia del padre del orador en la Irlanda de los años 40, donde la sutileza y la reparación de los objetos eran comunes. Se destaca la evolución tecnológica y cultural hasta el presente, y cómo la humanidad ha cambiado su entorno en lugar de adaptarse a él, lo que ha llevado a un nivel sin precedentes de dominio sobre el planeta. Sin embargo, esta posición de poder conlleva una gran responsabilidad, especialmente en términos de la gestión de los recursos naturales, que ha sido a menudo deficitaria. Se hace una llamada a la acción para cambiar el modelo económico actual, conocido como la economía lineal o el modelo 'toma-hace-tirar', que genera problemas ambientales y de escasez de recursos.
🔄 La Transición de la Economía Lineal a la Circular
El segundo párrafo profundiza en los problemas de la economía lineal, como la extracción rápida de materias primas y la generación masiva de desechos, y cómo esto puede llevar a la escasez de recursos críticos y a problemas de contaminación. Se argumenta que no debemos esperar a que los recursos se agoten para cambiar, y se presenta la economía circular como una solución sistemática y fundamental. Esta nueva economía se basa en el uso de materias primas secundarias, la diseño ecológico de productos para que sean duraderos y reparables, y un cambio en la percepción de la propiedad y el consumo, donde la posesión da paso a la utilización de servicios. Se mencionan ejemplos como el arrendamiento de smartphones y la provisión de servicios de iluminación por Philips, en lugar de la venta de productos físicos.
🌟 La Esperanza en la Innovación y el Futuro Sostenible
El tercer párrafo concluye el discurso con una reflexión personal del orador sobre cómo le cuenta historias a sus hijos, y cómo para ellos la no desperdicio y el mantenimiento del valor en los productos es una idea obvia. Esto ofrece esperanza para el futuro, ya que se sugiere que la próxima generación puede llevar la humanidad hacia un modelo más sostenible y eficiente. Se enfatiza la importancia de combinar la economía circular con otras ideas transformadoras para mejorar la sociedad y asegurar un final feliz para la historia de la humanidad, dejando una herencia positiva para las futuras generaciones.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡economía circular
💡recursos
💡sostenibilidad
💡materias primas
💡desperdicio
💡diseño ecológico
💡propiedad
💡innovación
💡responsabilidad
💡transformación
💡cambio climático
Highlights
Introduction to the concept of the circular economy and its transformative potential.
Personal storytelling to illustrate the evolution from the past to the present and the importance of resourcefulness.
The contrast between the resourceful lifestyle of the 1940s Ireland and the modern consumer culture.
The speaker's childhood envy of the technological advancements experienced by their father.
The rapid pace of change since the 1990s and the technological revolution's impact on society.
The unique human ability to change our environment and the responsibility that comes with it.
The current economic model described as a linear 'take, make, dispose' system and its problems.
The issue of depleting raw materials and the need for sustainable resource management.
The environmental impact of waste production and the urgency to address pollution.
The concept of eco design in the circular economy, focusing on repairability and material retrieval.
A shift in consumer behavior towards using services instead of owning products.
The example of smartphones in a circular economy model, emphasizing leasing and repairability.
The benefits of localized manufacturing for job creation and economic prosperity.
The importance of renewable energy in the transition to a circular economy.
Phillips' innovative approach to providing lighting services instead of selling light bulbs.
The potential of the circular economy to marry resourcefulness with modern technology for a sustainable future.
The speaker's optimism for the future, inspired by teaching the principles of the circular economy to the next generation.
The call to action for integrating transformative ideas to create a better society and a hopeful narrative for future generations.
Transcripts
[Applause]
hi thank you very much for having me I'm
gonna talk to you em this morning and
tell you a little story a story that's
going to travel a little bit from the
past up to where we are now and have a
little glimpse into the future and in
that I'm gonna talk about some
transformative ideas specifically
something that we call the circular
economy and try and explain to you what
that actually is
but my story starts back in nineteen
forties Ireland actually because that's
when my dad grew up and the bedtime
stories I would hear as a child in the
1980s were from him telling me about
boyhood adventures set back in rural
County Limerick in the 1940s and it was
a very different time back then
you know where and people were a lot
more resourceful I think and they didn't
have very much but what they did have
was precious to them it was valuable and
they didn't waste anything so whether it
was food or clothing or household
appliances things were actually built to
last and if they did break they were
built in such a way that they could be
repaired so their usage could continue
on so from that resourceful time and me
lying in bed as a seven-year-old child
listening to story set back then I would
contemplate how much things had changed
in that time and I was a little bit
jealous because my dad had lived through
all these changes where now suddenly
there was instead of horses on the
streets there were cars in every
driveway there were telephones plugged
in in the hallway downstairs people had
even walked on the moon and I remember
him laughing at me one night because I
was getting a bit upset and a bit
envious saying that you know it seems
totally unfair that everything was
invented before I was even born
and of course not for the first time in
my life it turned out I was quite wrong
in my assumptions because the course
changed
continued at a pace and things moved
moved forward in 1992 my dad
unfortunately died and even since then
we can see how much the world has
changed how different it is how we've
gone from and what was normal in society
then to what's normal now and not just
cultural changes but we've experienced
that grace technological revolution
where we now have smartphones in every
pocket you know talk now about
driverless cars becoming becoming
commonplace space travel as almost as a
pastime for people and things have moved
forward at such a pace that we see that
as humans were constantly innovating and
adapting and changing but we are unique
as a species in that all other species
adapt to their environment adapt to
their habitat and change in order to fit
into that but with us as a species we
actually change our environment and our
habitats so that it suits us better and
we've been doing that over such a period
of time that we've become we have this
unprecedented level of dominance on the
planet that no other species before us
has had and with great dominance comes
great responsibility it's very easy to
argue that over the past number of
decades or the past hundred years we
haven't been very good with that
responsibility in terms of our
stewardship of the planet and its
natural resources be that intentional or
be it sometimes just simply through
ignorance so how are we going to change
this story so that as we move forward
into a future we have a future that's
brighter and more more resourceful and
less and with less waste in it and first
we need to look at what we've got at the
moment we've got this economic model
that drives everything that we refer to
as the as a linear economy a linear
model and that is that we call it the
take make dispose model so it's taking
resources from raw materials from the
earth it's making as products out of
them a manufacturing process and then at
the end of it after we've used them it's
creating all these levels of waste
so when we look along that line we see
that there are a number of problems in
each area of it at the raw materials
level amongst other things were
extracting raw materials at a rate
that's faster than they can that they
can be replenished to the extent that
we're actually running out of some
critical raw materials already their
reserves are running low and other
things that we think of as as
commonplace like sand for example within
the construction sector and access to
sand as the raw material is becoming
problematic there's a scarcity of
suitable sand but we don't need to wait
until our raw materials or resources run
out before we decide to make a change
and adapt it's been said before that the
Stone Age didn't come to an end because
they ran out of storms and when we go to
the other end of the line we see that
we're producing vast amounts of waste
I'm sure you're familiar with the the
pollution problems that are caused both
on the land and in the air and in the
sea as a result of these huge volumes of
waste one estimate saying that the
trajectory that we're currently on means
that we love more plastic inner oceans
for example than fish by 2020 so we need
to take actions to change these models
and in the middle we have this
manufacturing and processing part of
this linear economy that's driven by
fossil fuels they themselves are a
natural resource that is finite in its
nature but also unfortunate a
consequence of using them they have they
released these emissions which are going
into the atmosphere and driving
catastrophic climate change the effects
of which we're already seeing across the
globe so how do we change that to move
forward into the future and a circular
economy is not simply about taking this
line and I'm doing more recycling and
turning it into a circle it's much more
systemic than that it's a much more
fundamental shift in how we think and
how we behave and how we consume and so
first of all we need to shorten that
line and in doing that we we kind of
pull in from the side so that we stop
extracting raw materials from the ground
and we stop producing waste at the other
end
and we then bend the shorter line into a
circle so that we have a completely
different model and it's very much
dependent on the use of what we call
secondary raw materials so stuff that's
already in the system and being used if
we start somewhere on the circle and
look at the key features one would be a
thing we call eco design where products
are designed again to be um repairable
or built to last and they have a third
element which is that products are
designed in a way that after their usage
is finished you can take them apart and
get back down to the component parts of
the project of the product and get back
to the raw materials that actually made
it so that you retrieve the raw
materials from the products rather than
extracting virgin raw materials from the
ground
that's the Eco design element and what
that looks like when you come around the
circle to us as users or consumers at
the end of it is a shift in our thinking
and a little shift in our behavior and
what that looks like is that we change
our ideas of ownership in particular so
instead of owning something were
actually just become users in state
instead of consuming we're using
services so one tangible example of that
is the is the smartphone so instead of
in a linear model where you buy your
your smartphone and you use it until it
breaks or goes out of style or you want
a different one you chuck it away and
get a new one in a circular model it's
more like a leasing type arrangement
with products so further the phone the
phone company or the manufacturer would
retain ownership of it and you would
just get it for the use of the service
it provides whatever that may be sending
messages making calls scrolling
endlessly through social media jumping
around on YouTube whatever it may be a
process that may lead to somebody ending
up watching this talk ironically but
whatever use you get out of your your
product or the phone in this case you
continue using it until it's full or
until you break it or until you want to
change it and when you
rather than throwing it away it goes
back to the manufacturer now they've got
it as a as a resource for them so you
can see the importance of the Eco design
in the first place that the phone can
either be repaired so it can be sold
again or it can be taken apart so that
the vital raw materials the resources
that were used to make it can be
retrieved and retain a value because
once we retain value within the
materials and products they no longer
become waste and with that kind of model
within the circle it has an impact for
for the manufacturing of course we have
to shift our energy sources to something
more renewable to deal with the issues
around that but also it means that
rather than manufacturing in one part of
the world and shipping products all over
the place we start to have more
localized manufacturing that brings jobs
and prosperity to areas that
traditionally may not have had them so
there are great multiple benefits across
the whole the whole circle as we move
into that type of a model and it's not
just mobile phones or smartphones that
we can talk with that service-based
example and that change of ownership
some companies are already moving ahead
with this within the context of the
circular economy and even Phillips who
provide a lighting have some of their
contracts where they're providing the
service of lighting instead of selling
light bulbs and light fittings so that
as the as the end user you are paying
for the service of of the light but
you're not paying for the physical light
bulbs so if they break Philips come back
and they take take away the bulb they
have then a valuable materials there
that they can reuse and you continue
getting the service of light from just
what happens to be a different Bowl put
in place so in very simple ways we're
making these big changes that change how
the whole system works and moves forward
and now I've come full circle in that
I'm telling bedtime stories to my little
boys and
you know we're trying try and entertain
them sometimes they're there laughing I
think often at me rather than with me
what I'm talking about but they do find
it ridiculous that that that it's an
innovative idea to say oh we shouldn't
be wasting things or we should be
retaining the value in in in products
because to them that's a no-brainer that
of course we should be doing that so as
we move forward into the future that
gives me great hope of how our story is
going to develop as human beings and
where we go where we go to next so that
we can take the best of the past because
looking back and taking stuff from the
past doesn't always have to mean that
we're going backwards if you like we
don't have to go back to the scarcity of
the 1940s but actually we can move
forward and we can marry the the best of
both where we have the resource fulness
we have the design of products built to
last and to be able to be repaired we
add that critical element of being able
to retrieve raw materials from a
products that are no longer in use and
we have these change in ownership models
and when we put all of that together we
can still have a abundance and
prosperity but we can just have an
increase in resourcefulness and that's
the idea of the circular economy that's
where it becomes a transformative idea
that can help change our story as we
progress forward as a species and I
think we need to put that plus the other
transformative ideas together and create
some kind of anthology for change so
that we change our direction and that we
have an improved Society as we progress
and really putting all of these
different transformative ideas together
means that as we tell stories to a
future children or our grandchildren we
can actually write the next chapter of
the human species story to ensure that
it has a happy ending
thanks a million and I hope you have a
great rest of the day
you
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