Apa itu Geografi? | Ruang Lingkup Geografi

Mood Edukasi
24 Jul 202408:04

Summary

TLDRThis script delves into the study of geography, a broad discipline encompassing the Earth's physical features, climate, and inhabitants. It traces the origins of the term 'geography' from ancient Greek scholars like Eratosthenes, who focused on the Earth's shape, to Strabo, who emphasized the study of places' characteristics and their interconnections. The video outlines geography's scope, including physical, social, and regional aspects, and touches on sub-disciplines like geology, meteorology, and hydrography. It aims to provide a foundational understanding of geography's significance and its various applications in studying our world.

Takeaways

  • 🌍 Geography is a broad science that encompasses the study of the Earth's surface, climate, population, flora, fauna, and the resources derived from the Earth.
  • 📚 The term 'geography' was first introduced by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes, who defined it as the science concerning the shape of the Earth.
  • 🌳 German geographer Carl Ritter viewed geography as a field of study about the Earth as the dwelling place of humans, including various phenomena occurring on the Earth's surface.
  • 🏞 Strabo, a Greek geographer and philosopher, described geography as a study closely related to the characteristics of a place and its relationship with other places.
  • 🔍 The scope of geography includes explaining all phenomena occurring on Earth, such as the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves.
  • 🌊 Geography serves as a tool to investigate the relationship between one phenomenon and another on Earth, such as how an undersea earthquake can cause a tsunami.
  • 🌱 It also helps in studying the similarities and differences in phenomena across the Earth, including the distribution of populations in a region.
  • 🏔 The field of geography is divided into three main branches: physical geography, social geography, and regional geography.
  • 🌳 Physical geography focuses on studying natural phenomena on Earth's surface, excluding human activities, and includes aspects like landforms, climate, and ecosystems.
  • 👥 Social geography involves the study of human behavior, both as individuals and as groups, and the impact of this behavior on the environment.
  • 🗺 Regional geography concentrates on the physical and human aspects of a particular area, aiming to understand its potential and how to utilize it for development.
  • 🔬 Geography is associated with various scientific disciplines, including geology, geophysics, geomorphology, meteorology, astronomy, biogeography, climatology, demography, paleontology, and hydrography.

Q & A

  • What is geography according to the Indonesian Dictionary?

    -Geography is the science that studies the Earth's surface, climate, population, flora, fauna, and the products obtained from the Earth.

  • Who was Eratosthenes and what did he contribute to geography?

    -Eratosthenes was a Greek scholar from 276 to 194 BCE who first introduced the term 'geography', defining it as the science that covers the shape of the Earth.

  • What is the definition of geography according to German geographer Alexander von Humboldt?

    -According to Alexander von Humboldt, geography is the study of the Earth as the habitat of humanity, encompassing various phenomena occurring on the Earth's surface.

  • What does Strabo describe geography as?

    -Strabo, a Greek geographer and philosopher, describes geography as a study closely related to the characteristics of a place, considering its relationship with other places in a holistic manner.

  • What are the three main scopes of geography mentioned in the script?

    -The three main scopes of geography are physical geography, social geography, and regional geography.

  • How is physical geography defined in the context of the script?

    -Physical geography is a scope of study that can be utilized to examine phenomena related to the natural environment, excluding human activities. It includes the study of the Earth's physical features such as shape, climate, and other atmospheric, hydrospheric, biospheric, pedospheric, and lithospheric phenomena.

  • What does social geography study?

    -Social geography studies human behavior, both as individuals and as groups within society, and how it impacts the environment. It is concerned with the uniqueness of social and cultural aspects in different regions.

  • What is the focus of regional geography?

    -Regional geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the physical and human aspects within a specific area, aiming to understand the region's potential and how it can be utilized for development.

  • What are some of the disciplines related to geography mentioned in the script?

    -Some of the disciplines related to geography mentioned are geology, geophysics, geomorphology, meteorology, astronomy, biogeography, climatology, demography, paleontology, and hydrography.

  • How does the script describe the role of biogeography?

    -Biogeography is described as the science that discusses biodiversity based on space and time, simply put, it is related to the distribution of animals and plants on the Earth's surface.

  • What is the significance of climatology in the study of geography?

    -Climatology focuses on studying natural and man-made forces that can influence long-term weather patterns. It is a branch of science that studies climate.

  • What does the script suggest about the importance of understanding geography?

    -The script suggests that understanding geography is important as it provides insights into various natural and human phenomena on Earth, helps in disaster mitigation, and contributes to the development of regions by understanding their potential.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Introduction to Geography

This paragraph introduces geography as a subject studied in high school, particularly for students majoring in social sciences. It explains geography as the science of the Earth's surface, climate, population, flora, fauna, and the products obtained from the land. The paragraph also delves into the definitions of geography by ancient scholars like Eratosthenes, who described it as a science concerning the shape of the Earth, and Strabo, who emphasized its connection to the characteristics of places and their relationships to the whole. The scope of geography is vast, covering phenomena on Earth, such as stalactite and stalagmite formation in caves, and the causes of tsunamis due to undersea earthquakes. The paragraph concludes by outlining the fields of study within geography, including physical geography, social geography, and regional geography.

05:01

📚 Branches of Geographical Sciences

The second paragraph explores the various branches of geographical sciences, starting with geology, which studies the Earth's structure, composition, and history. Geophysics is highlighted as the application of physical principles to study the Earth and its seismic activity, aiding in disaster mitigation and oil exploration. Geomorphology is introduced as the study of the Earth's surface and its changes. Meteorology is discussed as the science of the atmosphere's chemical and physical characteristics, including weather prediction. Astronomy is mentioned as the study of celestial bodies and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere. Biogeography is defined as the study of biodiversity distribution over space and time, including the spread of animals and plants. Climatology focuses on natural and man-made forces influencing long-term weather patterns. Demography is the study of population statistics, such as birth and death rates and population movement. Paleontology investigates past life forms and evolution. Lastly, hydrography is the applied science related to the mapping of oceans, lakes, rivers, and coastlines. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the importance of these branches in understanding and utilizing the Earth's resources for development.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Geography

Geography is the study of the Earth's surface, its climate, people, and the results obtained from the land. It is central to the video's theme as it explores the various aspects and definitions of geography, including its role as a science that encompasses the study of the Earth's physical features and human societies.

💡Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes was a Greek scholar who first introduced the term 'geography.' He defined it as a science that discusses the shape of the Earth. His contribution is significant in the video as it provides historical context to the development of geographical knowledge.

💡Geographical phenomena

Geographical phenomena refer to the various natural and human processes that occur on the Earth's surface. The video uses this term to illustrate the wide range of topics within geography, such as the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves, and the connection between earthquakes and tsunamis.

💡Physical Geography

Physical Geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of the Earth's natural environment, excluding human activity. The video explains that it includes the study of the Earth's shape, climate, and other physical features within the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, and lithosphere.

💡Social Geography

Social Geography is concerned with the study of human behavior, both as individuals and as groups within society, and its impact on the environment. The video highlights its importance in understanding the uniqueness of each region's social and cultural aspects, such as population dynamics and economic activities.

💡Regional Geography

Regional Geography is a branch that focuses on the physical and human aspects within a specific area. The video describes it as a field that aims to help regions understand their potential and how to utilize it for development.

💡Geology

Geology is the scientific study of the Earth's structure, composition, and history. It is mentioned in the video as a discipline within the scope of geography, focusing on how the Earth has developed and changed over time.

💡Geophysics

Geophysics is the application of physical principles to study the Earth and its processes. The video explains its role in creating disaster mitigation strategies, exploring for oil, and building infrastructure, making it an essential part of geographical studies.

💡Geomorphology

Geomorphology is the science that examines the Earth's surface and all the changes that have occurred on it. The video positions it as a supporting or supported science within geology, focusing on the physical aspects of the Earth's surface.

💡Meteorology

Meteorology is the science that contains information about the chemical and physical characteristics of the atmosphere. It is used in the video to describe the study of weather patterns and forecasting, which is integral to understanding climate and its impact on geography.

💡Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. The video uses this term to discuss how the distribution of animals and plants across the Earth's surface is a key aspect of geographical study.

💡Demography

Demography is the science that studies population statistics, such as birth rates, death rates, and population migration. The video includes it as a part of geography that helps understand population dynamics within different regions.

💡Paleontology

Paleontology is the study of past life, including the evolution of organisms on Earth. It is mentioned in the video as a discipline that contributes to understanding the history of life on our planet, which is relevant to the broader scope of geographical studies.

💡Hydrography

Hydrography is the applied science that deals with the mapping of oceans, lakes, rivers, and coastlines. The video includes it as a field within geography that is crucial for understanding water bodies and their geographical significance.

Highlights

Geography is defined as the science of the Earth's surface, climate, population, flora, fauna, and the products derived from the Earth.

Geography is introduced by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes as the science that studies the shape of the Earth.

Geographer and German scholar Kord Ritter believes geography is the study of the Earth as a human habitat.

Strabo, a Greek geographer and philosopher, describes geography as a study closely related to the characteristics of a place and its relationship with other places.

Geography has a broad scope, encompassing various phenomena on Earth, such as the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves.

Geography serves to investigate the relationship between one phenomenon and another on Earth, such as how an undersea earthquake can cause a tsunami.

Geography studies similarities and differences in phenomena occurring on Earth, including the spread of populations in a region.

Geography is divided into three main branches: physical geography, social geography, and regional geography.

Physical geography focuses on studying the natural environment, excluding human activities.

Social geography examines human behavior, both as individuals and as groups, and its impact on the environment.

Regional geography focuses on the physical and human aspects of a specific area, aiming to understand and utilize its potential for development.

Geography is connected to various scientific disciplines, including geology, geophysics, geomorphology, meteorology, astronomy, biogeography, climatology, demography, paleontology, and hydrography.

Geology studies the Earth's structure, composition, and history, and how it has evolved over time.

Geophysics applies physical principles to study the Earth and its seismic activity, aiding in disaster mitigation and exploration of resources.

Geomorphology examines the Earth's surface and the changes that have occurred, supporting geological studies.

Meteorology provides information on the chemical and physical characteristics of the atmosphere and is used for weather forecasting.

Astronomy is the study of celestial bodies and phenomena occurring outside the Earth's atmosphere.

Biogeography discusses the distribution of life forms based on space and time, relating to the spread of animals and plants on Earth.

Climatology focuses on studying natural and man-made factors that influence long-term weather patterns and climate.

Demography is the science of population statistics, including birth rates, death rates, and population migration.

Paleontology explores past life forms and their evolution on Earth.

Hydrography is the applied science related to the mapping of oceans, lakes, rivers, and coastlines.

Transcripts

play00:00

[Musik]

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salah satu pelajaran yang kamu pelajari

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di SMA terutama kalau kamu jurusan IPS

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adalah

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geografi Nah kalau kamu sudah mampir ke

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video ini artinya kamu akan mencari tahu

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apa sih itu geografi dan bagaimana ruang

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lingkupnya Nah langsung saja kita bahas

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let's go

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[Musik]

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[Tepuk tangan]

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[Musik]

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menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia

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geografi ini adalah ilmu tentang

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permukaan bumi iklim penduduk flora

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fauna serta hasil yang diperoleh dari

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bumi Nah dari penjelasan ini sekarang

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kita jadi lebih tahu nih Mengapa

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geografi disebut sebagai ilmu

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bumi Nah sekarang kita lihat pula

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pengertian geografi menurut tiga para

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ahli nah yang pertama ada

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eratostenes eratostenes ini merupakan

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ilmuwan Yunani pada tahun

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194 sampai 276 sebelum masehi yang

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pertama kali memperkenalkan istilah

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geografi

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ini nah menurut beliau geografi ini

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adalah keilmuan yang mengulas tentang

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bentuk muka buumi hal ini Senada dengan

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pengertian geografi secara

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harfiah nah kemudian ilmuan yang kedua

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ada kard

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riter nah k riter ini adalah seorang

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ahli geografi kelahiran Jerman menurut

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menurut beliau geografi ini merupakan

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bidang studi tentang bumi sebagai tempat

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tinggal manusia nah menurutnya berbagai

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fenomena yang terjadi di permukaan bumi

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menjadi ruang lingkup studi dari ilmu

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pengetahuan geografi ini nah yang ketiga

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ada

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strabo nah geografer dan filsuf Yunani

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strabo ini mendeskripsikan bahwa

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geografi ini sebagai studi yang

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berhubungan erat dengan karakteristik

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suatu tempat Seraya memperhatikan

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hubungan tempat tersebut dengan tempat

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lain secara

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keseluruhan Nah sekarang teman-teman

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sudah mendapat bayangan kan kalau

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misalnya ilmu geografi ini ilmu yang

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sangat luas nah dikarenakan ilmu

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geografi ini ilmu yang sangat luas maka

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dibuatlah ruang lingkup geografi ini

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untuk mempermudah ilmuwan melakukan

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kajian ilmu nah Berikut ini merupakan

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ruang lingkup yang bakal kamu pelajari

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di ilmu geografi ini yang pertama

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geografi ini sebagai sarana untuk

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mengungkapkan semua fenomena yang

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terjadi di bumi

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contohnya Bagaimana proses terbentuknya

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stalaktit dan stalakmid pada

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gua Nah selanjutnya geografi ini sebagai

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sarana untuk meneliti gejala satu dengan

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gejala lain yang ada di muka bumi ini

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Contohnya bagaimana gempa bumi di laut

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dapat menyebabkan tsunami Nah itu

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contohnya kemudian selanjutnya geografi

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sebagai sarana untuk mempelajari

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persamaan dan perbedaan fenomena yang

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berlangsung di bumi kemudian geografi

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ini sebagai sarana untuk mempelajari

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gejala atau kejadi an di bumi Contohnya

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seperti mempelajari penyebaran penduduk

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di suatu wilayah selanjutnya ada ruang

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lingkup geografi jadi ruang lingkup

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geografi ini dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu

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ada geografi fisik geografi sosial dan

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Geografi

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regional geografi fisik merupakan salah

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satu ruang lingkup studi geografi yang

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dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengkaji

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hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan

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lingkungan alam selain manusia nah

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Sementara itu di dalam buku yang

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berjudul geografi sejarah Indonesia pada

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tahun 2017 disebutkan bahwa cabang ilmu

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geografi ini mempelajari gejala-gejala

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fisik yang terjadi di permukaan bumi nah

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Adapun contoh gejala fisik yang dimaksud

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di sini adalah bentuk kemudian iklim dan

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gejala lain yang terjadi di atmosfer

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antrosf hidrosfer biosfer eh pedosfer

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dan litosfer Nah jadi seperti itu

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selanjutnya ada Geografi Sosial nah di

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dalam ruang lingkup sosial pada geografi

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diartikan sebagai kajian yang meliputi

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perilaku manusia yang baik sebagai

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individu maupun kelompok masyarakat dan

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bagaimana dampaknya terhadap

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lingkungan nah seperti yang kita tahu

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bahwa di setiap wilayah pasti memiliki

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keunikan sosial dan budayanya di sinilah

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peran Geografi Sosial dibutuhkan Nah

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dengan adanya Geografi Sosial peneliti

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bisa mengkaji tentang fenomena dinamika

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penduduk persebaran penduduk dan

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aktivitas ekonomi di suatu daerah nah

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yang ketiga ada Geografi

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regional nah Geografi regional ini

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merupakan cabang ilmu geografi yang

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berfokus pada topik terkait aspek fisik

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dan manusia pada suatu wilayah nah

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harapannya lewat cabang ilmu ini wilayah

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yang bersangkutan akan memahami

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potensinya dan bagaimana potensi

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tersebut dimanfaatkan agar wilayah yang

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dimaksud itu bisa berkembang Nah itulah

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tadi tiga ruang lingkup

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geografi Oke teman-teman next jadi

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geografi ini ini terbagi menjadi

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beberapa disiplin ilmu yang pertama ada

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geologi geologi ini adalah studi ilmiah

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yang mempelajari tentang struktur

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komposisi dan sejarah bumi nah mencari

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tahu bagaimana bumi berkembang atau

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berubah dari waktu ke waktu juga menjadi

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ruang lingkup dari kajian ilmu geologi

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ini yang kedua ada geofisika nah secara

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umum geofisika ini merupakan studi yang

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berkaitan dengan penerapan

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prinsip-prinsip Fisika untuk mempelajari

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bumi dan seisinya Nah dengan ilmu

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geofisika ini peneliti dapat menciptakan

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mitigasi bencana kemudian mengeksplorasi

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minyak bumi hingga membangun

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infrastruktur selanjutnya ada

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geomorfologi nah geomorfologi ini

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merupakan ilmu yang mengulas tentang

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permukaan bumi beserta Segala perubahan

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yang pernah terjadi di bumi itu sendiri

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dengan kata lain ilmu geomorfologi ini

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bisa menjadi penunjang atau ditunjang di

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ilmu

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geologi Nah selanjutnya ada ilmu

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meteorologi nah ilmu meteorologi ini

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merupakan ilmu pengetahuan yang memuat

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informasi tentang ciri-ciri kimia dan

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fisika dari atmosfer nah Selain itu

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meteorologi ini dapat dipakai juga untuk

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meramalkan

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cuaca selanjutnya ada astronomi

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astronomi ini adalah sebutan untuk

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cabang ilmu dunia yang berkaitan dengan

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benda-benda langit termasuk mengamati

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fenomena fenomena yang terjadi di luar

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atmosfer bumi Nah selanjutnya ada

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biogeografi nah biogeografi ini

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merupakan ilmu yang membahas tentang

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keanekaragaman hayati berdasarkan ruang

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dan waktu nah sederhananya studi ini

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terkait dengan penyebaran binatang dan

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tumbuh-tumbuhan yang ada di muka bumi

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ini selanjutnya ada klimatologi

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klimatologi ini berfokus mempelajari

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kekuatan alam maupun kekuatan buatan

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yang dapat mempengaruhi pola Cu dalam

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jangka panjang nah pengertian lain dari

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klimatologi ini adalah cabang ilmu yang

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mempelajari tentang iklim Oke

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selanjutnya ada demografi demografi ini

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merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang

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statistik kependudukan seperti angka

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kelahiran angka kematian dan perpindahan

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penduduk Nah selanjutnya ada

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paleontologi nah paleontologi ini

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berperan untuk mencari tahu tentang

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kehidupan-kehidupan yang pernah ada di

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masa lampau tak terkecuali mengenai

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evolusi makhluk yang ada di bumi ini nah

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yang terakhir ada hidrografi nah

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hidrografi ini adalah ilmu terapan yang

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berkaitan dengan pemataan lautan

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kemudian Danau sungai hingga

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pesisir Nah itulah tadi pembahasan kita

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mengenai pengertian dan jenis-jenis

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ruang lingkup dari ilmu geografi ini

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semoga bermanfaat untuk teman-teman

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semuanya Terima kasih sudah menonton

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assalamualaikum warahmatullah wabarakuh

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[Musik]

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