Types of Pumps | All in One Guide to Industrial Pump Types
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the critical role of pumps in various industries, highlighting their importance in hydraulic systems. It defines pumps as devices that move and energize fluids, distinguishing between positive displacement pumps, which use volume changes to move fluid, and rotodynamic pumps, which convert velocity to pressure. The video explores different pump types, such as reciprocating, membrane, radial plunger, sliding vane, screw, lobe, gear, and centrifugal pumps, each with unique mechanisms and applications. It emphasizes the prevalence of centrifugal pumps in petroleum plants due to their simplicity and efficiency.
Takeaways
- 💧 Pumps are essential in various industries, including water management, automotive, and energy sectors.
- 🔧 A pump is a mechanical device that moves fluids by converting mechanical energy into pressure energy.
- 🔄 There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps.
- 🌀 Positive displacement pumps move fluid by expanding or contracting a closed volume, like the human heart.
- 🏗️ Rotodynamic pumps, such as centrifugal and axial flow pumps, use rotating blades called impellers to transfer energy to the fluid.
- 🔩 Reciprocating or piston pumps operate on a crank and connecting rod mechanism, moving fluid through suction and discharge actions.
- 🛑 Membrane pumps use a flexible membrane to create suction and discharge, making them leak-proof and suitable for hazardous liquids.
- 🔄 Radial plunger pumps have plungers that move radially, creating high RPMs and pressures.
- 🔄 Sliding vane pumps use centrifugal force to push vanes against the casing, creating chambers for fluid movement.
- 🔄 Screw pumps use counter-rotating screw rotors to trap and compress fluid, moving it axially.
- 🔄 Low pumps, similar to gear pumps, are designed for self-priming and handling contaminated or solid-laden liquids.
- 🔄 Gear pumps are used for high-viscosity liquids, with gears rotating in the housing to move fluid.
- 🔄 Internal gear pumps have improved efficiency and quieter operation compared to classic gear pumps.
- 🌐 Centrifugal pumps are widely used due to their simplicity, high efficiency, and ease of maintenance.
- 🌐 Axial flow pumps are known for their high flow rates at low head, suitable for large-scale fluid circulation.
Q & A
What is the primary function of a pump?
-A pump's primary function is to move fluids from one place to another by means of mechanical action and to add energy to the fluid, thereby increasing its pressure.
What are the two main types of pumps mentioned in the script?
-The two main types of pumps mentioned are positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps.
How does a positive displacement pump operate?
-In a positive displacement pump, fluid is directed into a closed volume and energy transfer to the liquid is accomplished by the movement of the boundary of the closed volume, causing it to expand or contract, which sucks in and squeezes out the liquid.
What is an example of a positive displacement pump?
-The human heart is an excellent example of a positive displacement pump.
How do rotodynamic pumps convert energy in the fluid?
-Rotodynamic pumps convert energy by using rotating blades, called impellers, which supply energy to the fluid and mostly convert velocity to pressure's energy.
What is the working principle of a reciprocating or piston pump?
-A reciprocating or piston pump works on the principle of a classic crank, connecting rod mechanism, creating a suction and discharge action as the piston moves back and forth within the cylinder.
Why are membrane pumps considered hermetic?
-Membrane pumps are considered hermetic because they do not leak, as the liquid cannot penetrate the seal, making them suitable for handling explosive, radioactive, or corrosive substances.
What is unique about the operation of a screw pump?
-Screw pumps operate using two counter-rotating screw rotors that are engineered to rotate towards each other, trapping and compressing the liquid, and moving it towards the exhaust in an axial direction.
How does a gear pump handle high viscosity liquids?
-A gear pump is used for high viscosity liquids as it fills tooth cavities on the suction side and presses the liquid away by repression on the discharge side, making it suitable for such applications.
What is the typical application of a mono pump?
-A mono pump is typically used for self-priming properties and is suitable for handling contaminated liquids or liquids with solid parts, such as yogurt from fruits.
Why are centrifugal pumps so prevalent in petroleum plants?
-Centrifugal pumps are prevalent in petroleum plants because of their design simplicity, high efficiencies, and ease of operation and maintenance.
What is the main advantage of axial flow pumps in terms of flow rate and head?
-Axial flow pumps provide a high flow rate at a low head, making them suitable for circulating fluids in power plants, sewage digesters, and evaporators.
Outlines
🔧 Pumps: The Heart of Industrial Fluid Movement
This paragraph introduces the essential role of pumps in various industries, emphasizing their importance in hydraulic systems. Pumps are defined as devices that move fluids mechanically and add energy to increase fluid pressure. The paragraph outlines the two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps, which work by expanding or contracting a closed volume to move fluid, exemplified by the human heart, and rotodynamic pumps, which use an impeller to convert velocity to pressure energy. The summary also touches on the working principles of several specific pump types, including reciprocating or piston pumps, membrane pumps known for their hermetic seal, radial plunger pumps with high RPMs and pressure, sliding vane pumps with their unique rotor and stator design, screw pumps that use counter-rotating screws, and low pumps suitable for handling contaminated liquids.
🌀 Exploring the Diversity of Pump Types
The second paragraph delves deeper into the variety of pump types, starting with the low pump, which is similar to a gear pump but has fewer teeth and is used for self-priming with contaminated liquids. It then describes the gear pump, which is used for high-viscosity liquids and operates by filling and pressing liquid through tooth cavities. The internal gear pump is highlighted for its improved volumetric efficiency and quiet operation. The mono pump is characterized by its screw-like rotor and stator design, creating cavities that transport fluid from suction to discharge. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on centrifugal pumps, which are widely used due to their simplicity, efficiency, and ease of maintenance, and axial flow pumps, also known as propeller pumps, which are recognized for their high flow rates at low head, suitable for applications in power plants, sewage digesters, and evaporators. The paragraph ends with a call to action for viewers to subscribe to the channel for more content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Pump
💡Hydraulic System
💡Positive Displacement Pumps
💡Rotodynamic Pumps
💡Centrifugal Pump
💡Axial Flow Pump
💡Reciprocating Pump
💡Membrane Pump
💡Sliding Vane Pump
💡Screw Pump
💡Gear Pump
Highlights
Pumps are essential in various industries, including water dams, car industry for cooling and fuel injection, and energy sector for oil and gas pumping.
Pumps are vital components in hydraulic systems, requiring careful handling.
A pump is defined as a device moving fluids by mechanical action and adding energy to increase fluid pressure.
There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps.
Positive displacement pumps move fluid by expanding or contracting a closed volume.
The human heart serves as an example of a positive displacement pump.
Rotodynamic pumps convert velocity to pressure energy using rotating blades called impellers.
Examples of dynamic pumps include centrifugal and axial flow pumps.
Reciprocating or piston pumps operate on a crank, connecting rod mechanism.
Membrane pumps use a movable membrane to create suction and discharge without leaks, suitable for hazardous liquids.
Radial plunger pumps have high RPMs and pressures, with plungers sliding in radial holes.
Sliding vane pumps use centrifugal force to push vanes against the casing wall, forming chambers for fluid movement.
Screw pumps use counter-rotating screw rotors to trap and move liquid axially without rotation.
Lobe pumps are similar to gear pumps but with fewer teeth for self-priming and handling contaminated liquids.
Gear pumps have two gears with one connected to the driving shaft, used for high viscosity liquids.
Internal gear pumps have an internal toothed rotor for better efficiency and quieter operation.
Mono pumps feature a rotor with a large pitch and closely fitted stator for continuous cavity progression.
Centrifugal pumps are widely used in petroleum plants for their simplicity, efficiency, and ease of maintenance.
Axial flow pumps, also known as propeller pumps, provide high flow rates at low head, used in power plants and sewage systems.
Transcripts
[Music]
pumps are critical and vital part of
almost every industry pumps are mostly
used in water dams
in the car industry for water cooling
and fuel injection and ic engine from
energy industry to pumping oil and
natural gas for operating cooling towers
and air conditioning systems and large
power plants pumps are the vital parts
of these complex systems pumps are one
of the most important components in a
hydraulic system
and should be dealt with thoughtfully
and carefully
so let us first define what is a pump
a pump is a device which moves fluids by
means of mechanical action
from one place to the other pumps also
add energy to a fluid
increasing fluid pressure
it is a hydraulic device that lifts
fluids from low to high levels the pump
transfers fluid by converting the fluids
mechanical energy into pressure energy
[Music]
now move on to the types of pumps in
general
there are two main types of pumps
positive displacement pumps and
rotodynamic pumps
positive displacement pumps in positive
displacement pumps fluid is directed
into a closed volume energy transfer to
the liquid is accomplished by movement
of the boundary of the closed volume
causing the volume to expand or contract
thereby sucking fluid and are squeezing
the liquid out respectively your heart
is an excellent example of a positive
displacement pump
in dynamic pumps there is no closed
volume instead
rotating blades supply energy to the
fluid thus
dynamic pumps mostly convert velocity to
pressure's energy for these pumps
rotating blades are called impeller
blades examples of dynamic pumps are
centrifugal pump and axial flow pumps
let us discuss different types of pump
and their working principles
the reciprocating or piston pump works
according to the classic crank
connecting rod mechanism
let's assume that the pipeline is filled
with water and that the piston is on the
extreme left if the piston moves to the
right
an airless space grows in the cylinder
the atmospheric pressure above the
suction reservoir presses the water from
the suction pipe toward the suction
valve this one opens
and the water flows into the cylinder
when the piston is on the extreme right
hand side
the pump cylinder is filled with water
the suction stroke ends after that the
piston will move to the left because of
this pressure occurs in the water that
closes the suction valve
and the press valve opens the water can
now flow in the press pipe and fill the
press reservoir
membrane pump
in membrane pump a membrane is moved
manually or automatically up and down
this produces a suction and press action
in principle
membrane pumps do not leak because the
liquid cannot penetrate the seal
this sort of pump is used where leaks
are to be avoided such a pump is called
a hermetic pump
this pump is used to deal with explosive
liquids or radioactive poisoned
or corrosive substances
radial plunger pump
the pump with radially moving plungers
consists of a disc rotor placed
eccentrically in the housing
there are radial holes where the
plungers can slide at the end of the
plungers or slide block or guide rollers
when the rotor rotates the plungers are
alternatively pushed in and out of the
holes so that suction and discharge
actions occur
radial pumps have rpms of as much as 300
with a nominal pressure of 320 bar
sliding vane pump
and sliding vane pump circular rotor is
eccentrically placed in the stator
housing the vanes are placed in the
rotor
as soon as it moves
a centrifugal force applies to the veins
this force pushes the veins against the
wall of the casing
chambers are formed between the veins
the stator and the rotor the bottom
sections become bigger and a suction
action arises at the top the sections
become smaller
and the liquid is discharged
sliding vane pumps have rpms of 3000 and
nominal pressures of up to 160 screw
pump
screw pumps operate using two counter
rotating screw rotors which are
engineered so that they rotate towards
each other
this traps the liquid in the space
between the screws of their rotors as
the screws rotate
this trapped volume decreases which not
only compresses the liquid but moves it
towards the exhaust
the rotating movement of the screw
pushes the liquid in an axial direction
the liquid does not rotate but moves in
a straight line axially
the flows go as high as 15 om 3 per hour
and the discharge pressures as much as
100 bar
low pump
this pump is like a gear pump but has
only two or three teeth
the rotors are connected with gears but
don't touch each other
the clearance between the rotors has to
be small to have self-priming properties
low pump is used for contaminated
liquids or liquids with solid parts like
yogurt from fruits
these pumps can maintain flow rate up to
600 m3 and maximum pressure of 14 bars
gear pump
the gear pump comprises two precisely
machined gears that rotate in the pump
housing
one of the gears will be connected with
the driving shaft while second one is
dragged by first one
on the suction side the liquid fills a
tooth cavity
and on the discharge side the liquid is
pressed away by repression
gear pump is used when the viscosity of
the liquid is too high
internal gear pump
in internal gear pumps the rotor with
internal toothing bee is driven with its
gear rotates in a closed housing
as the gears moves the space between the
teeth is now filled with liquid
as the teeth move out of each other
this causes the liquid to move to the
discharge side
internal gear pumps have better
volumetric efficiency and noiseless
operation than the classic gear pump
mono pump
in mono pump the rotor is a kind of
screw with a big pitch
with an intense thread and closely
fitted shaft
the stator has an angle that is twice
that of the rotor
this causes cavities between the stator
and the eccentric rotating rotor
the cavities progress continuously from
the suction to the press side
centrifugal pumps
in a centrifugal flow pump fluid enters
axilly in the same direction as the
rotating shaft axis in the pump center
liquid is discharged radially or
tangentially along the outer radius of
the pump casing
among all the installed pumps in a
typical petroleum plant
almost 80 90 are centrifugal pumps
centrifugal pumps are widely used
because of their design simplicity
high efficiencies
and ease of operation and maintenance
axial flow pump
axial flow pumps are also called as
propeller pumps
axial flow pump utilize fluid momentum
and velocity to generate pump pressure
these pumps provide high flow rate in
low head
they are used to circulate fluids in
power plants sewage digesters
and evaporators
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[Music]
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