Chromatography Types | gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, HPLC, paper chromatography
Summary
TLDRThis video introduces the concept of chromatography and its various types, which are classified based on the phases of the solvent (solid, liquid, or gas). The video explains the key components of chromatography, including the stationary and mobile phases, and how different molecules interact with these phases to facilitate separation. It covers techniques like gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, ion exchange, exclusion chromatography, and more. The focus is on understanding how chromatography is used to separate molecules based on properties like charge and size, with examples such as HPLC, TLC, and supercritical fluid chromatography.
Takeaways
- 🔬 Chromatography is a technique used for the separation of molecules based on their properties like charge and size.
- 🧪 The process involves two phases: a stationary phase that is fixed and a mobile phase where molecules move.
- 🌐 Chromatography types are categorized based on the phase of the solvent used, which can be solid, liquid, or gas.
- 🌫 Gas chromatography separates gaseous molecules, with two subtypes: gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography.
- 💧 Liquid chromatography involves the separation of molecules in a liquid phase, such as in high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- 🌿 Examples of liquid chromatography include thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography, which use an organic solvent as the mobile phase.
- 🔍 Ion exchange chromatography separates charged or polar molecules by exchanging them on a solid stationary phase.
- 🔬 Size exclusion chromatography separates molecules like proteins based on their size and hydrodynamic volume.
- 🌱 Organic solvent-related chromatography, such as partition chromatography, uses dried liquid on a solid support and an organic solvent as the mobile phase.
- 🔗 The video script provides an overview and promises more detailed explanations of individual chromatography types in future videos.
- 📚 Viewers are encouraged to watch additional videos for a better understanding, with links provided in the video description.
Q & A
What is chromatography and what is its main purpose?
-Chromatography is a technique used for the separation of molecules based on their properties such as charge, size, etc. Its main purpose is to separate different molecules from a mixture.
What are the two main phases involved in chromatography?
-The two main phases in chromatography are the stationary phase, which is fixed and stagnant, and the mobile phase, where molecules move in either direction depending on the process.
How does the phase of the solvent determine the type of chromatography?
-The type of chromatography is determined by the phase of the solvent used, which can be solid, liquid, or gas, and also by the phase of both the separation stage and the mobile phase.
What are the three major phases based on which chromatography can be divided?
-Chromatography can be divided into three major phases: gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography, based on the state of the molecules being separated.
What is the difference between gas-liquid chromatography and gas-solid chromatography?
-In gas-liquid chromatography, the mobile phase consists of gaseous molecules and the stationary phase is liquid, whereas in gas-solid chromatography, the mobile phase is gas and the stationary phase is solid.
What is HPLC and how does it differ from other liquid chromatography techniques?
-HPLC stands for High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. It is a technique where the molecules are present in an aqueous solution, and it differs from other liquid chromatography techniques by the use of high pressure to facilitate the separation process.
What is the role of the stationary phase in ion exchange chromatography?
-In ion exchange chromatography, the stationary phase is solid and is used to separate charged or polar molecules by exchanging them.
How does size exclusion chromatography differ from ion exchange chromatography?
-Size exclusion chromatography separates molecules based on their size and hydrodynamic volume, whereas ion exchange chromatography separates molecules based on their charge.
What is the difference between partition chromatography and liquid-liquid absorption chromatography?
-In partition chromatography, the separation is based on the partitioning of molecules between a stationary phase and a mobile phase, while in liquid-liquid absorption chromatography, the separation is based on the absorption of molecules onto a solid stationary phase from a liquid mobile phase.
What is the significance of using dried liquid in partition chromatography and thin layer chromatography?
-Using dried liquid in partition chromatography and thin layer chromatography allows for the separation of different fractions of molecules present in the dried liquid by applying an organic solvent.
Why are supercritical fluids mentioned in the script, and how do they differ from other phases in chromatography?
-Supercritical fluids are mentioned because they represent a unique phase that cannot be easily classified as liquid or gas. They carry a mixture of different types of molecules, and their separation requires a different approach than that used for gas or liquid chromatography.
Outlines
🔬 Introduction to Chromatography Techniques
This paragraph introduces the concept of chromatography, a technique used for the separation of molecules based on their properties such as charge and size. It explains the fundamental phases involved in chromatography: the stationary phase, which is fixed, and the mobile phase, where molecules move. The paragraph outlines the basis for different types of chromatography, which are categorized by the phase of the solvent used—solid, liquid, or gas. It also mentions future videos that will delve into each type of chromatography in more detail, setting the stage for an educational series on the subject.
🌟 Detailed Exploration of Chromatography Types
The second paragraph delves deeper into the various types of chromatography, focusing on the phase of the solvent and the separation process. It discusses gas chromatography, which separates gaseous molecules, and liquid chromatography, which can involve molecules in either aqueous or organic solutions. Specific techniques such as High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) are highlighted, with explanations of their application in separating molecules based on size, charge, or using organic solvents. The paragraph also touches on the use of dried liquid in certain chromatographic methods and the importance of understanding the specific mechanisms of ion exchange and exclusion chromatography for comprehensive knowledge on the topic.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Chromatography
💡Stationary Phase
💡Mobile Phase
💡Gas Chromatography
💡Liquid Chromatography
💡Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
💡Ion Exchange Chromatography
💡Exclusion Chromatography
💡Partition Chromatography
💡Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Highlights
Introduction to chromatography and the plan to discuss different types in future videos.
Chromatography techniques can be categorized based on the phase of the solvent, which could be solid, liquid, or gas.
The basic concept of chromatography involves phase separation, with two phases: stationary (fixed) and mobile (where molecules move).
Chromatography is used to separate molecules based on properties like charge, size, and their interaction with different phases.
Gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography are the three major types of chromatography.
In gas chromatography, the molecules to be separated are in a gaseous form.
Liquid chromatography involves separating molecules that are in a liquid form, which could be either aqueous or organic solutions.
HPLC (High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography) is an example of aqueous solution-based liquid chromatography.
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography are examples of organic solvent-based liquid chromatography.
Supercritical fluid chromatography deals with separating molecules that are neither purely liquid nor gas.
Gas-liquid chromatography involves a gaseous mobile phase and a liquid stationary phase.
Gas-solid chromatography uses a gaseous mobile phase and a solid stationary phase.
Ion exchange chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography are types of liquid chromatography, with solid stationary phases and liquid mobile phases.
Ion exchange chromatography separates hydrophilic or polar molecules based on charge.
Molecular exclusion chromatography separates molecules like proteins based on size and hydrodynamic volume.
Partition chromatography and adsorption chromatography are organic solvent-related liquid chromatography methods.
Paper chromatography and TLC involve separating dried liquid samples using an organic solvent as the mobile phase.
Conclusion with a prompt to subscribe for more videos on chromatography.
Transcripts
hello and welcome back friends welcome
to another video from somos biology and
in this quick short video I will be
talking about the different types of
chromatography that we know of and in
future videos we'll be talking about
each of the individual type of
chromatography in more details
so this chromatography techniques can be
divided based on many different
parameters and stuff okay but majorly
here we divide them based on the type of
solvent that we use the phase of the
solvent because the phase could be solid
or it could be liquid or it could be gas
so depending upon the phase of the
solvent that we use and also the phase
of both our separation stage as well as
the mobile phase we determine the
different types of chromatography now in
any type of chromatography the idea is
very simple it depends on the phase
separation the phase separation works in
the way say there are two different
phases always present one is called the
stationary phase which is kind of
stagnant which is fixed it's known as
the stationary phase another phase is
known as the mobile phase where the
molecules move in either direction it
depends on how you run the you run the
process so this is known as the mobile
phase so two different phases are
present and these are the two phases but
in among both these phases the molecule
that we want to separate because the
chromatographic technique is all about
separation of molecules based on their
multiple properties like charge their
size and stuff and we can separate
molecules using this phase variance
because as these are the two different
phases and they have changed a
difference between the phase and
different molecules are present
different molecules will interact with
these phase separations in different
manner and that will allow the molecules
to be separated from each other so in
this case the stationary phase could be
solid or liquid
well the mobile phase can be either
liquid or gaseous so it depends on what
kind of combination we have among them
and that will ultimately give us the
name of different types of
chromatographic techniques for example
if you can divide the chromatography
based on the three different major
phases like gas chromatography liquid
chromatography and supercritical fluid
chromatography now
gas chromatography means the molecules
that we want to separate will be in the
gaseous form while liquid chromatography
means the molecules we want to separate
will be in the liquid form now the
liquid form of the molecules could be
either a cura solution or organic
solution either those molecules can be
present in the water as a quest solution
or they can be produced
I mean present in the organic solutions
for the liquid type now for the aqueous
type the example is HPLC high pressure
liquid chromatography now in HPLC
technique the molecules are present in
the aqueous solution while in the
organic solvent type the example is thin
layer chromatography TLC or paper
chromatography right these are the
organic solvent type and finally the
supercritical fluid in certain kinds of
fluids are present which we cannot deal
with either liquid or in the gaseous
stage because they carry a to many
different types of molecules as a
mixture because in supercritical fluid
and for the separation of supercritical
fluid we have different approach
completely that we don't want to talk
about much here majorly we'll talk about
gas and liquid chromatography so in gas
chromatography you is separating gaseous
molecules from each other
mixture of gases will separate from each
other and there are two different types
here is a gas liquid chromatography and
a gas solid chromatography now
gas-liquid chromatography means the gas
we separate gas molecules a mixture of
gases and you put them in the mobile
phase so mobile phase is consisting of
gaseous molecules this is the mobile
phase and the stationary phase will be
liquid okay the gas solid chromatography
in gas solid chromatography the mobile
phase will be gases because that's what
we need to separate from each other and
the solid and the stationary phase will
be the solid molecules okay
solid interacting with the gases now in
the liquid
ah graffiti bring there are different
types like ion exchange chromatography
exclusion chromatography and another
type is known as a partition
chromatography or absorption
chromatography which is also known as
organic solvent related chromatography
now in this case of ion exchange
chromatography and molecule exclusion
chromatography ion exchange
chromatography in this case what we use
we use the stationary phase solid and
the mobile phase liquid in exclusion
chromatography also same thing
solid stationary phase mobile phase
liquid okay but the separation technique
is different in case of ion exchange
chromatography we separate hydrophilic
molecules or polar molecules and we
separate charged molecules we exchange
charged molecules between each other
while in the molecule exclusion
chromatography we separate proteins or
other molecules based on their size and
hydrodynamic volume what is hydrodynamic
volume and how this exclusion
chromatography works how an exchange
tramatic Rafi works you definitely need
to know them and please know them by
watching my videos the links are
provided in the description as well as
you can find those videos in my channel
you can search it you can get the
playlist of the chromatography videos
the link is provided again in the
description so watch all the videos for
better understanding while in the other
hand the organic salt solution or
solvent type of chromatography two
different examples partition
chromatography and l liquid solvent
absorption chromatography liquid solid
absorbent so in this case of both of the
chromatography we use certain molecules
in both this case we use dried molecules
we dried liquid now normally nyeon
exchange chromatography or exclusion
chromatography we use raw liquid
solutions in the mixture let's say
protein mixture it contains in the
liquid solution completely liquid
solution filled with different types of
proteins we separate them both in ion
exchange as well as in the exclusion
chromatography
while in these two types we use dry
liquid okay drag liquid means we take
the drop of liquid we put it in a paper
or in either silica plate or something
and we allow that liquid to get dried
and that is dried liquid so once that
liquid is dried then we apply some some
organic solvent to take up that
different fractions of the molecules
that are present in the liquid in the
dried liquid and to be separated the
examples are paper chromatography and
thin layer chromatography or TLC in both
the cases we use drag liquid as a
solvent as an aleut --nt and then we
separate them using the chromatography
so it is not pure to liquid a dry liquid
still we put them in the liquid phase of
chromatography and we talked about the
supercritical fluid so this in a sense
is all the different types of
chromatography that we know of so for
any type of chromatography you should
know about what is the Aleut n type
whether it's gas or liquid
normally the Lutins that we use are can
be the mobile phase most of the time in
some cases it's not in some cases we
need to use something different for
example in case of partition
chromatography and the l is absorbing
chromatography like TLC in these two
cases we cannot use those the dried
liquid that we use is the Aleut --nt but
the mobile phase is different here is
the mobile phase or the organic solvent
that we use okay so that is the idea in
this case so that in a sense is a type
of chromatography and I hope you liked
the video if you liked the video please
hit the like button and definitely click
on the subscribe button to subscribe to
my channel to get more videos like that
thank you
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