The Origins of Management
Summary
TLDRThis script traces the evolution of management from its non-existence 125 years ago to its critical role in today's business world. It highlights the historical shift from self-sufficient artisans to mass production during the industrial revolution, necessitating managerial coordination. The transition from home and farm-based work to large organizations with specialized tasks led to the birth of management as a field of study, with modern challenges like emails and meetings, and the development of academic resources to address management inquiries.
Takeaways
- 📚 Management as a field of study is relatively new, not existing 125 years ago.
- 🏭 The industrial revolution (1750-1900) was a turning point for the nature of work and the need for management.
- 👷♂️ Unskilled laborers operating machines replaced skilled artisans, facilitated by the availability of power from steam engines and electricity.
- 🔧 The division of labor led to the specialization of tasks in mass production, which required managers for coordination.
- 🚗 The shift from artisanal production to assembly lines marked a significant change in the organization of work.
- 🌾 Historically, most people worked in homes or on farms, with no need for commuting or management.
- 🏡 In 1720, 80% of the population in England lived and worked in the countryside.
- 🌾 By 1870, two-thirds of Americans earned their living from agriculture, indicating a predominantly agrarian society.
- 👥 Small, self-organized work groups did not require management, as there were no commutes, bosses, or common buildings.
- 📈 Productivity increased dramatically in companies that understood and implemented the new production systems.
- 🏢 Jobs moved from fields and homes to large formal organizations, necessitating the rise of management roles.
- 📚 Before 1800, business education was limited to basic bookkeeping and secretarial skills, with no focus on management.
Q & A
When did management jobs and careers start to become significant in the business world?
-Management jobs and careers started to become significant in the business world around the past few centuries, with systematic changes in the nature of work and organizations creating a compelling need for managers.
What were the seeds of today's management ideas found in?
-The seeds of today's management ideas can be found throughout history, but it wasn't until the past few centuries that these ideas became more prominent and systematic.
How has the design of jobs and organizations evolved over the past 500 years?
-The design of jobs and organizations has changed dramatically over the past 500 years, with a shift from people working in homes or on farms to large formal organizations and the advent of mass production.
What percentage of the population in England lived and worked in the country in 1720?
-In 1720, almost 80% of the 5.5 million people in England lived and worked in the country.
What was the primary source of income for Americans around 1870?
-As recently as 1870, two-thirds of Americans earned their living from agriculture.
What significant changes occurred during the Industrial Revolution between 1750 and 1900?
-During the Industrial Revolution, unskilled laborers running machines began to replace highly paid skilled artisans, made possible by the availability of power from steam engines and later electricity, as well as numerous related inventions.
How did the new production system during the Industrial Revolution differ from the work of artisans?
-The new production system was characterized by the division of labor, where each worker performed separate, highly specialized tasks as part of a mass production process, as opposed to artisans who made entire goods by themselves by hand.
What role did managers play in the new production system?
-Managers were needed to coordinate the different parts of the production system and optimize its overall performance, leading to a significant increase in productivity.
What was the state of business education before 1800 regarding management?
-Before 1800, business educators taught only basic bookkeeping and secretarial skills, and no one published books or articles on management.
How can one find information on management today compared to the past?
-Today, if you have a question about management, you can turn to dozens of academic journals for information, unlike in the past when such resources were not available.
What are some of the characteristics of today's working world mentioned in the script?
-Today's working world is characterized by working from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., coffee breaks, lunch hours, crushing rush hour traffic, endless emails, and non-stop meetings.
Outlines
📚 Evolution of Management in the Business World
This paragraph discusses the historical development of management as a field. It notes that management jobs and careers did not exist 125 years ago and that management was not a field of study. The paragraph highlights the transformation of work and organizations over the past centuries, which led to the necessity of managers. It contrasts the modern working world, characterized by structured schedules and intense work environments, with the historical context where work was often conducted in homes or on farms without the need for management. The industrial revolution is identified as a pivotal period that saw the emergence of mass production and the division of labor, necessitating the role of managers to coordinate and optimize production systems.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Management
💡Industrial Revolution
💡Division of Labor
💡Mass Production
💡Assembly Lines
💡Productivity
💡Organizations
💡Managers
💡Bookkeeping
💡Academia
💡Work Commute
Highlights
Management as a field of study and career did not exist 125 years ago.
The importance of managers and management in the business world has significantly grown over time.
Seeds of modern management ideas can be traced back throughout history.
Systematic changes in work and organizations in the last few centuries necessitated the need for managers.
Traditional work patterns included working from home or on farms without commuting.
In 1720, 80% of England's population lived and worked in rural areas.
By 1870, two-thirds of Americans earned a living from agriculture.
Small self-organized work groups operated without bosses or commutes, reducing the need for management.
The Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) saw dramatic changes in jobs and organizations.
Unskilled laborers operating machines replaced skilled artisans, facilitated by the availability of power.
The division of labor led to the specialization of tasks in the new production system.
Mass production emerged with assembly lines moving work to stationary workers.
Managers became essential to coordinate and optimize the production system's performance.
Productivity increased significantly in companies that adopted the new production methods.
Before 1800, business education focused only on basic bookkeeping and secretarial skills.
There were no books or articles on management published before the 19th century.
Today, numerous academic journals are available for management inquiries.
Transcripts
[Music]
management jobs and careers didn't exist
a hundred and twenty-five years ago so
management was not yet a field of study
now of course managers and management
are such an important part of the
business world that it's hard to imagine
organizations without them although we
can find the seeds of many of today's
management ideas throughout history not
until the past few centuries did
systematic changes in the nature of work
and organizations create a compelling
need for managers examples of management
thought and practice can be found
throughout history working from 8:00
a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
coffee breaks lunch hours crushing rush
hour traffic and endless emails and
non-stop meetings are things we
associate with today's working world
work hasn't always been that way however
in fact the design of jobs and
organizations has changed dramatically
over the past 500 years for most of
humankind's history for example people
didn't commute to work work usually
occurred in homes or on farms in 1720
almost 80% of the five point five
million people in England lived and
worked in the country as recently as
1870 two-thirds of Americans earned
their living from agriculture even most
of those who didn't earn their living
from agriculture didn't commute to work
with small self-organized work groups no
commute no bosses and no common building
there wasn't a strong need for
management during the industrial
revolution from 1750 to 1900 however
jobs and organizations changed
dramatically first unskilled laborers
running machines began to replace high
paid skilled artisans this change was
made possible by the availability of
power steam engines and later
electricity as well as numerous related
inventions
whereas artisans made entire goods by
themselves by hand
this new production system was
division of labor each worker
interacting with machines performed
separate highly specialized tasks but
were a small part of all of the steps
required to make manufactured goods mass
production was born in rope and chain
driven assembly lines move work to
stationary workers who concentrated on
performing one small task over and over
again while workers focused on their
singular tasks managers were needed to
coordinate the different parts of the
production system and optimize its
overall performance productivity
skyrocketed at companies that understood
this instead of being performed in
fields homes or small shops jobs
occurred in large formal organizations
where hundreds if not thousands of
people worked under one roof before 1800
business educators taught only basic
bookkeeping and secretarial skills and
no one published books or articles on
management today if you have a question
about management you can turn to dozens
of academic journals
[Music]
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