Django Mock Interview | Interview Questions for Senior Django Developers
Summary
TLDRIn this 2D Mark interview series, host Jose interviews software developer Andrew Espinoza for the role of an experienced Django developer. Andrew discusses his background in web and mobile development, highlighting projects like a 3D tourism website and a real-time delivery tracking system. The conversation delves into Django's architecture, middleware, caching, authentication, and ORM. Andrew also shares insights on Django's admin interface, mixins, and security practices, providing a comprehensive overview of Django's capabilities for developers.
Takeaways
- 😀 The interview is part of a 2D Mark interview series hosted by Jose, focusing on the role of an experienced Django developer.
- 🔍 The interviewee, Andrew Espinoza, is a software developer from Colombia with over five years of experience in web development and hybrid model development.
- 🛠 Andrew has worked with various technologies including JavaScript frameworks like Angular and React.js, Python frameworks like Django and Flask, and mobile development with Flutter.
- 🏆 Andrew has experience in fintech, healthcare, tourism, and other industries, developing robust and innovative solutions for various companies.
- 🌐 He has worked on projects such as a 3D website for a tourism claim using Three.js and a delivery company's software with real-time tracking capabilities.
- 🤔 The interview discusses middleware in Django, explaining its role in processing requests and responses within the application.
- 🏛 Django's architecture is based on the MVC pattern, with a template replacing the traditional controller role.
- 🔑 Django supports various caching methods, including memory caching, file system caching, and database caching, to improve performance.
- 🔒 Django offers built-in security features to protect against common threats like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and cross-site request forgery.
- 🔄 Django's admin interface allows for quick development of a dashboard to manage application data, with customization options through plugins or templates.
- 🔄 Middleware is also used for authentication in Django, which can be easily integrated with other projects for authentication backends.
Q & A
What is the purpose of the interview with Andrew Espinoza?
-The purpose of the interview is to discuss Andrew's experience and qualifications for the role of an experienced full-stack jungle developer.
What technologies has Andrew worked with in his career?
-Andrew has worked with JavaScript, Angular, React.js, Python, Django, Flask, Flutter, and has experience in various industries including fintech, healthcare, tourism, and e-commerce.
Can you describe one of the projects Andrew mentioned during the interview?
-One of the projects Andrew mentioned was a highly interactive 3D website for a tourism company that used Three.js to display a map of the region with attractions and points of interest using low poly models.
How did Andrew handle the data transfer from Python to Three.js in the 3D tourism project?
-Data was fetched from the database by a Django script, which then called an API to download the models for display. The download included file compression, caching, and synchronous loading times to ensure a smooth user experience.
What is middleware in the context of Django?
-Middleware in Django is a piece of logic that is executed every time a response is made to a request. It processes the request, performs necessary actions, and then serves the response.
Can you explain the Django architecture that Andrew discussed?
-Django uses a modified version of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern. Instead of a controller, it has a template. The model stores data, the view connects to the model and serves a template, which uses HTML, JavaScript, and Django's template engine to render data.
What are the different types of models in Django's model architecture?
-Django has abstract base classes, multi-table models, and proxy models. Abstract base classes provide common information to child models, multi-table models allow each child to have their own database records, and proxy models allow cloning of a model and overriding its information.
How does caching work in Django?
-Django offers various caching methods including memory caching, file system caching, and database caching. Memory caching is the fastest and most efficient, while file system caching stores cache files on the server, and database caching is useful for powerful databases with well-defined indexes.
What is the role of authentication in Django and can middleware be used for it?
-Authentication in Django is used as a middleware. It manages user permissions and can be easily integrated into other projects. Django supports common hashing systems like bcrypt and sha256 for secure authentication.
Can Django be used as an API framework?
-Yes, Django can be used as an API framework with the help of Django REST framework, which simplifies the development of APIs and provides powerful capabilities for API creation.
What are Django's supported databases and how can it be connected to non-supported databases like MongoDB?
-Django supports major databases like PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite out of the box. For non-supported databases like MongoDB, third-party packages can be used. These packages need to be installed and configured in the settings.py file.
What are Django's field classes and what is their purpose?
-Django's field classes are abstractions that define the structure of a database table, such as columns and data types. They are used in models to map database fields and ensure the correct data structure is used.
What is a mixin in the context of Django and the Django REST framework?
-A mixin in Django is a type of inheritance that allows combining various pieces of code into one. In the context of the Django REST framework, mixins are used to quickly add functionality to views, such as CRUD operations.
What is the Django admin interface and how can it be customized?
-The Django admin interface is a dashboard for managing data in applications. It can be customized by adding models and views to the admin.py file, using templates, or by adding JavaScript modules to customize functionality.
What are the best practices for security in Django?
-Django has built-in protections against common threats, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and cross-site request forgery. Best practices also include enforcing SSL/HTTPS, session security, and proper input validation.
What is SQL injection and how can it be prevented in Django?
-SQL injection is a vulnerability where an attacker can send SQL queries through an API request, potentially executing them on the server. Django prevents this by default through query escaping and sanitization, and developers can verify protection settings in the security section of the settings.py file.
Outlines
😀 Interview Introduction and Guest's Background
The video script begins with the host, Jose, introducing the 2D, Mark interview series and himself as the host for the day. He is joined by Andres, a software developer from Colombia with over five years of experience in web development and hybrid model development. Andres has worked with various technologies including JavaScript, Angular, React.js, Python, Django, Flask, and Flutter. He has experience in fintech, healthcare, tourism, and other industries, developing robust and innovative solutions.
🛠️ Discussion on Interesting Projects and Technical Implementations
Andres shares insights into two notable projects he has worked on. The first project involved creating a highly interactive 3D website for a tourism company, utilizing 3D models and a map to display attractions and points of interest. The second project was a comprehensive software for a delivery company that enabled real-time tracking of drivers and deliveries, utilizing Django's capabilities such as web sockets, REST API, and heightened security, with horizontal scaling on AWS cloud. The discussion also covers the technical process of passing data from Python to the JavaScript library, d3.js, for the 3D website.
🏛️ Exploring Django's Middleware, Architecture, and Caching
The conversation delves into the use of middleware in Django, which executes logic every time a response is made to a request. Andres explains Django's architecture, which is based on the MVC pattern but uses templates instead of controllers. He discusses various caching methods in Django, including memory caching, file system caching, local memory caching, and database caching, highlighting their use in a project with large 3D models. The summary also touches on authentication in Django, using middleware for this purpose, and the hashing systems employed for security.
🔌 Django's REST Framework, Admin Interface, and Security Practices
Andres explains the Django REST framework, which facilitates the development of APIs, and how it can be used to return different types of responses such as XML or JSON. He discusses the Django admin interface, which allows for quick development of a dashboard to manage application data, and how it can be customized using plugins or JavaScript modules. The summary also covers best practices for security in Django, including protection against common threats like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and the importance of enforcing SSL and HTTPS.
🚀 Final Thoughts on SQL Injection and Closing Remarks
The final part of the script addresses the concept of SQL injection, a vulnerability where an attacker can send an SQL query through a request, potentially executing it if not properly protected. Andres explains the importance of escaping queries and mentions that Django has built-in protection against SQL injection. The host, Jose, thanks Andres for the interview and encourages viewers to apply for jobs on tooling.com if they have the relevant experience. He also invites viewers to follow the series on various social media platforms and subscribe to the channel for more content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Experienced Developer
💡Frontend Development
💡Backend Development
💡Hybrid Model Development
💡Django
💡Middleware
💡MVC Architecture
💡Caching
💡Authentication
💡REST Framework
💡Django Admin Interface
💡SQL Injection
Highlights
Introduction to the interview series with Jose as the host and Andres as the interviewee, focusing on Andres' experience as a full-stack developer.
Andres' background as a software developer from Colombia with over five years of experience in web and hybrid model development.
Andres' expertise in front-end development with JavaScript frameworks like Angular and React.js, and back-end development with Python using Django and Flask.
His experience in mobile development with Flutter for Android and iOS, and working across various industries such as fintech, healthcare, and tourism.
Description of a project involving a highly interactive 3D website for a tourism company using Three.js to display attractions and points of interest.
Another project mentioned is a full software for a delivery company with real-time tracking for drivers and deliveries, utilizing Django's capabilities.
Explanation of how data is passed from Python to Three.js in the 3D website project, involving API calls and data compression.
Discussion on middleware in Django, explaining its role in executing logic every time a response is made to a request.
Overview of the Django architecture, which uses a modified version of the MVC pattern with templates instead of controllers.
Different models in Django's style, including abstract base classes, multi-table models, and proxy models.
Caching strategies in Django, such as memory caching, file system caching, and database caching, and their respective use cases.
Authentication in Django as middleware, with support for common hashing systems and the ability to integrate with other projects.
Django as an API framework with the Django REST framework, allowing for easy development of APIs.
The response lifecycle in Django, detailing the process from HTTP request to HTTP response through middleware, views, and routers.
Databases supported by Django out of the box, including PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite, and the use of plugins for other databases.
Connecting Django to non-supported databases like MongoDB or Elasticsearch using third-party packages and the settings.py file.
Explanation of Django's field classes, which abstract database rows and allow for defining data types and relationships in models.
Experience with mixins in Django, which allow for combining various pieces of code into one for creating powerful API endpoints.
Overview of the Django admin interface, which provides a dashboard for managing application data and can be customized with templates or plugins.
Customizing functionalities in the Django admin by adding JavaScript modules or using plugins for specific features like filtering.
Best practices for security in Django, including protection against SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and enforcing SSL/HTTPS.
SQL injection explained and how Django prevents it by default through query escaping and sanitization.
Closing remarks with a call to action for developers to apply for jobs on tooling.com and follow the company on social media for updates.
Transcripts
foreign
we are back with another round of 2D
Mark interview series I am Jose and I
will be your host for today and today
I'm here with Andres that I'm going to
interview him for the role of an
experience paito jungle developer okay
uh and before we go I'd like to remind
you that the question that we are going
to be seeing today might be different if
you come to a touring interview because
this question was selected for a YouTube
purpose okay as that said let's get
started so first of all uh how are you
doing Andrews and how is your day doing
so far
hi Jose doing pretty good it's been a
pretty interesting day so I'm doing some
nice work nice so
um to guess that's these I would like to
ask you to introduce yourself and tell
me a little bit about your experience
okay use past projects and then I'll get
from there
sure so my name is Andrew Espinoza I'm
from Colombia I'm a software developer
with over five years of experience in
postdoc web development and hybrid model
development when it comes to front end
I've worked with JavaScript on
Frameworks like angular and react.js
back in development I work with python
with Frank was like Django and flask and
mobile developer and work with flutter
for hybrid development for both Android
and iOS I have experience in various
Industries like fintech Advocate
Healthcare tourism Majestic companies
developing robust and innovative
solutions to their problems and always
keeping in mind uh mobile and desktop
environments nice nice nice nice so uh
could you please let me know a few
interesting projects that you have been
work on
sure so a couple come to mind uh the
first one is a highly generated 3D
website that we did for a tourism claim
that use jungle in 3as to display this
map of the region that have all the
like I say attractions and points of
interest with low poly models and the
other one would be a full software for a
delivery company that allow for
real-time tracking of both the drivers
and their deliveries that use the full
Suite of what Django has to offer it had
web sockets RS API uh heightened
security and it was very able to be
horizontally scaled on AWS cloud
e3js which is a JavaScript library right
so uh I have a follow-up question for
that how would you pass data from python
to the d3js
so those were composed of two process
the first process was the view get from
the database the coordinates names
labels and some other information that
needed to display
on the template uh there was a script
that got all that information and called
an API in Django that downloaded the
models for display
this download had file compression it
had catching and it has a synchronous
loading times so
it wasn't a big paint it was just
everything would paint out as it was
loading the page
so that was how we did it with 3js
gotcha all right okay and so let me
let's now start talking about the jungle
okay uh
what is uh what's the use of midwares in
Jungle
so middleworth is a logic that is
executed every time you make a response
to a request to grab you or any other
API or any other point of your
application meaning that the user makes
a request then we got the information do
some processing and then we serve the
response that we get from The View
got you and could you please explain me
um let's see
could you please explain the jungle
architecture
sure Django uses a modified version of
the popular NPC pattern so instead of
having a controller we have a template
so our model stores the data we have the
view that connects to the model and it
serves a template which uses HTML
JavaScript and has the jungle template
engine to be able to render the data
that we get from The View right out of
the path
cool and what are the different module
in Huntington's style in Jungle
we have extra based classes which is a
parent that has all the information that
the child needs and we don't need to
write it again on the child we need we
have multi-table models which is sort of
similar but instead all the Childs have
their own records in the database and we
have proxy models which allow us to
basically clone a follower to our
children and we are able to override all
the information that we get from the
father of the children
okay great great and so yeah preview in
your previous answer you mentioned that
you work with caching right in your
application uh could you please explain
me uh the catch structured in Jungle
sure we got various methods of caching
uh we have name cache which is using the
memory that is in the server this one is
like the fastest and the most efficient
is the one we use with the project
because even though the models were low
poly there still had some pretty decent
size for a website there is file system
caching which is just storing our
caching files uh on the server local
memory caching which is the de facto one
that comes when you create your jungle
project
and we have database caching which is
good when you have a really nice
powerful database with very well-defined
indexes it can give you a better
performance that the other mentioned
want to go to and how would you explain
okay the authentication in Jungle and
also can we use middleware for that
yes basically authentication is used as
a middleware in Django right so we have
both authentication and authorization
so we can have users those users have
permissions those permissions could be
assigned to groups let's say that there
is an administrative group and a sales
group so they have their own set of
formation that is easier for the
developer to establish them Django has
the most common hashing systems that
there is nt5 and shot 256 we have four
validations and if we want to use Django
as a follow-on authentication backend
it's easy to Plug and Play to other
projects that may be used in other
languages okay and so we can use Django
as
API 2 right
yes all right there is a forum framework
it's called the West framework that
this is very easy to install and it
gives us four capabilities for
developing very simple and very powerful
apis nice and could you please explain
me
um say if you make a call to this API
then we it will return for us XML or a
Json or anything else right could you
please explain me the response life
cycle
sure so
you make a request right a Tango Korea
is an HTTP request object it loads the
settings.py file uh it checks that is if
there are middle words that need to be
wrong if there are we go through those
middle words and after that we go to the
router the router the size which one is
the view that is going to serve this
request it gets all the information if
the one meter works we get the
information that the middleware return
and we get to the view and eventually we
just get an HTTP response object that is
sent back to the client or the browser
okay great
um
all right so and what are the database
supported by jungle
so Django supports the Big databases the
patient must the standard right out of
the box we got postgres Maria MySQL
Oracle and SQL Lite
it also has plugins from Microsoft SQL
ID IBM sap
uh there may be some other packages that
are out there for
databases and officially Django doesn't
support any non-sql databases uh couch
face or something like
any other non-sql that not supported
officially all right and that's lead to
my next question how do we connect
Django to mongodb or Alexa search for
example
so if you go uh mongodb if you go to the
website they have the documentation for
the plugin that is for Django uh you
will install it through pip and then you
go to the settings.p1 file and it's
fairly easy to set up uh it's not bad
it's just that it's not officially
supported so you need to go through your
vendor first and they'll most likely
have the installation process for it but
it all comes down to there's a pay
package that you installed and then you
go to the settings.py file and you set
it up gotcha all right so and what is
jungle field classes or field class
so the field class is an abstraction of
what a row winner
database works like right so when we're
making our models and we're making our
Styles we need to add the columns to our
tables so this is how we will do so we
set up the data type be at bar chart
number Instagram Boolean whatever we
require if it's not if it's a primary or
a foreign key so on and so forth is
kind of this method that allows us to
map databases in general
cool and so
um
do you know what is some mixing do you
have experience work with mixings what
are mixings yeah uh I have plenty of
experience because mixing is kind of
like the big thing but you're using the
rest framework uh mixing is a type of
inherence that allows you to combine
various other pieces of code into one
code so talking about the rest framework
for example if you wanted to have very
quickly an endpoint that had get put
post patch and delete you add the mixing
for care take medicine for post the
mixing for the lead and the mix for both
and it out of the pad gives that
endpoint that view all the capabilities
that are required for it to be an API
okay uh and what do you understand about
jungle admin interface
so the admin interface is a way that you
cut very quickly and very easily develop
like a dashboard
to manage all the data in your
applications so when you create an app
when you go to the to the command line
to create an app you get an admin.py
file there you can add the models and
the views but you want to include in
that interface
from then you can either download a
template they're fairly easy and fairly
common you just go and search for them
for a template or you can create your
own template and you can specify what
template you want to check so that the
UI is
different from what the generic dangling
y has the power of the box
got you and so uh what what are the ways
the customize the functionalities
yeah sure what's the way that we can
customize functionality in the jungle
admin
so there are two ways like there's the
downloading a Plugin or template you go
into the settings.pr file there is a
section for admin and you add them there
and they're going to work right at the
path or
you can go into the root of your project
and there's going to be another naughty
and you can have JavaScript modules that
you can add them on a parameter that is
called Js
and then you will basically will be
adding or removing or changing
any functionality that you need uh for
example you need something along the
line so I need filtering and I'm
searching on the tables that are
displayed on the admin interface uh
there are plugins to do that or you can
Implement your own logic got you and
when it comes to security okay uh what
are the best practical practice in terms
of security in Jungle
so Django has by default enabled some
protection against very common threads
that it has SQL injection protection
which comes somebody evolve which is
very important to have cross-size
scripting if you're using an API and is
you're going to be using in a very
different environments such as mobile
and desktop there is cross-eyed request
ordering and other than that you
obviously it's very good to add the
ability to enforce SSL and https which
doesn't compound by default for
developing reasons you can add session
security when you're managing
authentications you can add clear
jacking protection and you can add whole
Square validation those are like
the standard that every project needs to
have
for it to be secure in production
cool and before I go to my next question
I would like to couple our developers
out there so if you have three plus
years of experience and are confident
with the skill set that you possess you
can head on tooling.com jobs and apply
for the job that is more suitable for
your Tech stack okay once you apply you
have to pass in the touring vetting
process and then once you pass you get a
job as we did okay also you can fall
into it on Instagram Facebook
LinkedIn YouTube uh Instagram what else
uh Twitter okay stay close that I'm
pretty much sure that you get the job
that you deserve okay
uh my last question for you uh Andres so
uh what is SQL injection okay and how
can we prevent SQL injection jungle
so SQL injections is a vulnerability
where your user on a four on a request
on an API called sends an SQL query and
there's not a protection for it and the
server and the backend actually executes
it and Returns the data that the
attacker wants to see so
the very basic simple SQL injection
protection is just what is called
escaping the queries which is just
formatting and sanitizing the test so
that it doesn't run anything that is it
be it if it was a query of a JavaScript
and Django actually takes care of this
by default but you can also check if the
protection is in place going to the
settings of the profile there's going to
be a security section and there should
be uh something on loading the SQL
injection nice all right thanks for
explaining so thank you Andrew again
that was really nice to speak to you
today and that that is all for today
okay uh and to everybody else thank you
for watching these videos in the pretty
much sure that you enjoyed this video as
I did okay uh you can write down message
and saying what kind of 2D Market if you
would see in the upcoming video okay
I've seen people commenting uh flutter
we are preparing for flutter okay what
else uh followed only getting YouTube
Instagram around Facebook Twitter a
clubhouse
YouTube any anywhere and as I said stay
close that you get the job that you
deserve okay uh don't forget to
subscribe to turin.com like this video
If you enjoyed the content let me know
in the comment section below uh if this
is uh similar that we're getting out
there uh as that said that's a wrap
thank you all thanks for watching and I
hope to see you all again okay take care
[Music]
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