10 Architecture Patterns Used In Enterprise Software Development Today

Summary

This video script delves into the critical realm of enterprise-scale software architecture, exploring seven essential patterns including Layered, Pipe-Filter, Client-Server, MVC, Event Bus, Microservices, and Broker patterns. It highlights their applications, advantages, and potential pitfalls, offering insights into designing efficient, scalable systems suitable for diverse enterprise needs. The script also touches on P2P, Blackboard, and Master-Slave patterns, emphasizing their unique roles in solving complex problems and enhancing system robustness.

Takeaways

• 🏢 Architectural patterns are essential for designing large enterprise systems to meet functionality and quality requirements.
• 📚 The layered pattern is a common architecture with four tiers: presentation, application, business logic, and data access layers, suitable for simple applications with budget and time constraints.
• 🔄 The pipe-filter pattern is used for processing sequences, where each filter performs a specific function, commonly used in compilers.
• 🔗 The client-server pattern involves a service requester and provider, often communicating over a network, with the potential disadvantage of a server being a single point of failure.
• 🖥️ The model-view-controller pattern separates application functionality into model, view, and controller components, used widely in web frameworks like Django and Rails.
• 🚦 The event bus pattern is for distributed systems handling high-volume events, with components like event source, listener, channel, and bus, but may face scalability issues.
• 🛠️ Microservices architecture is for building applications as independently deployable and scalable services, each with its own API, suitable for complex enterprise apps.
• 🧩 The broker pattern structures distributed systems with decoupled components that interact through a broker, used in message broker software like Apache Kafka.
• 🔄 The peer-to-peer pattern supports decentralized computing with peers acting as both clients and servers, used in file-sharing networks and cryptocurrency.
• 📋 The blackboard pattern is for problems without deterministic solutions, involving a global memory, specialized modules, and a control component, used in speech recognition and signal interpretation.
• 🔄 The master-slave pattern involves a master distributing work to identical slave components, used in database replications where the master is the authoritative source.

Q & A

What is an architectural pattern according to Wikipedia?

An architectural pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software architecture within a given context.

What are the four tiers of layers in the Layered Pattern?

The four tiers of layers in the Layered Pattern are the presentation layer, application layer, business logic layer, and data access layer.

What is the main advantage of using the Layered Pattern in software development?

The main advantage of using the Layered Pattern is that a lower layer can be used by different higher layers, which is beneficial for building general desktop applications and relatively simple web apps.

How does the Pipe-Filter Pattern handle a sequence of processing steps in an enterprise application?

The Pipe-Filter Pattern divides a larger processing task into a sequence of smaller independent processing steps or filters that are connected by channels or pipes.

What are the two main components of the Client-Server Pattern?

The two main components of the Client-Server Pattern are the client, which is the service requester, and the server, which is the service provider.

What is the Model-View-Controller (MVC) Pattern and its purpose in application development?

The MVC Pattern separates application functionality into three components: the model, which contains the core functionality and data; the view, which displays the information to the user; and the controller, which handles user input. It is used to keep the user interface functionality separate from application functionality while remaining responsive to user input or data changes.

What are the four major components of the Event Bus Pattern?

The four major components of the Event Bus Pattern are the event source, event listener, channel, and event bus.

How does the Microservices Architecture help in managing modern enterprise applications?

The Microservices Architecture helps by building applications as a collection of independently deployable and scalable services, each with its own API boundary, allowing for efficient support and deployment.

What is the Broker Pattern and its role in distributed systems?

The Broker Pattern is used to structure distributed systems with decoupled components that interact by remote service invocations. A broker component coordinates communication among components, allowing for dynamic changes in the system.

How does the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Pattern support decentralized computing?

The P2P Pattern supports decentralized computing by allowing individual components, known as peers, to function both as clients requesting services and as servers providing services, with the ability to dynamically change roles over time.

What is the Blackboard Pattern and its components?

The Blackboard Pattern is useful for problems without deterministic solution strategies and consists of three main components: the blackboard, a structured global memory; knowledge sources, specialized modules; and a control component that selects, configures, and executes modules.

What is the Master-Slave Pattern and its application in database replication?

The Master-Slave Pattern consists of a master component that distributes work among identical slave components and computes a final result from the results returned by the slaves. It is used in database replications where the master database is the authoritative source, and the slave databases are synchronized to it.

Outlines

00:00

🏢 Architectural Patterns in Enterprise App Development

This paragraph introduces the concept of architectural patterns and their importance in designing large enterprise-scale systems. It explains that before software development, a suitable architecture must be chosen to ensure desired functionality and quality. The layered pattern is discussed as the most common, dividing software into presentation, application, business logic, and data access layers. Advantages include the reusability of lower layers by higher ones, but it may not be suitable for high-performance applications due to inefficiency in processing business requests. It is ideal for budget and time-constrained projects, particularly for desktop and simple web applications.

05:02

🔄 Enterprise Architectural Patterns: Pipe-Filter, Client-Server, MVC, and More

The second paragraph delves into various architectural patterns used in enterprise applications. The pipe-filter pattern is highlighted for its ability to transform complex messages into simpler ones through a sequence of independent processing steps. The client-server pattern is discussed for its ease of modeling services with clients requesting and servers providing them, though it may suffer from performance bottlenecks and single points of failure. The model-view-controller (MVC) pattern is introduced for separating user interface functionality from application functionality, allowing for multiple views and responsiveness to user input. The event bus pattern is mentioned for its use in distributed systems handling asynchronous messages and high volumes of events, with components like event source, listener, channel, and bus. Lastly, the microservices architecture is presented as a solution for supporting various clients and handling complex tasks by breaking down applications into independently deployable and scalable services.

10:03

🛠️ Advanced Architectural Patterns: Broker, Peer-to-Peer, Blackboard, and Master-Slave

The final paragraph covers advanced architectural patterns for complex systems. The broker pattern is explained for structuring distributed systems with decoupled components that interact through remote service invocations, facilitated by a broker that coordinates communication. The peer-to-peer pattern allows components, known as peers, to function as both clients and servers, supporting decentralized computing and high robustness but lacking service quality guarantees and posing security challenges. The blackboard pattern is useful for problems without deterministic solutions, consisting of a blackboard, knowledge sources, and a control component that work together to solve complex problems. Lastly, the master-slave pattern is presented for distributing work among identical slave components and computing a final result, applicable to problems that can be decomposed, such as database replications.

Keywords

💡Enterprise Scale Systems

Enterprise scale systems refer to large, complex software systems designed to meet the needs of large organizations. These systems must be robust, scalable, and capable of handling high volumes of data and transactions. The video script discusses how to design such systems by choosing suitable architectures, emphasizing the importance of functionality and quality attributes in their design.

💡Architectural Pattern

An architectural pattern, as defined by Wikipedia and elaborated in the script, is a general, reusable solution to a common problem in software architecture within a specific context. The video provides an overview of various architectural patterns, showing how they address different challenges in enterprise application development.

💡Layered Pattern

The layered pattern, also known as the n-tier architecture, is a common architectural approach where software is divided into distinct layers, each with a specific role. The script mentions four typical layers: presentation, application, business logic, and data access. This pattern is highlighted for its use in general desktop applications and simple web apps, especially under tight budget and time constraints.

💡Pipe-Filter Pattern

The pipe-filter pattern is used in scenarios where a sequence of processing steps is triggered by a single event. Each step, or filter, performs a specific function on the data stream. The video script illustrates this with an example of processing a new customer order, which may involve encryption and authentication, showing how complex messages can be transformed into simpler ones through this pattern.

💡Client-Server Pattern

The client-server pattern involves two main components: the client, which requests services, and the server, which provides them. The script explains that while both can be on the same system, they often communicate over a network. This pattern is advantageous for modeling services but can suffer from performance bottlenecks and single points of failure.

💡Model-View-Controller (MVC) Pattern

The MVC pattern is a design approach used to separate the user interface into three components: the model, which holds data and core functionality; the view, which displays information; and the controller, which manages user input. The script notes that this pattern is commonly used in web frameworks like Django and Rails, allowing for responsive and maintainable interfaces.

💡Event Bus Pattern

The event bus pattern is designed for distributed systems that handle asynchronous messages and a high volume of events. It consists of components like event sources, listeners, channels, and the event bus itself. The script explains the advantages of this pattern, such as the ease of adding new publishers and subscribers, while noting potential scalability issues.

💡Microservices Architecture

Microservices architecture is an approach where applications are built as a suite of small, independent services. Each service has its own API and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. The script discusses how this architecture is suitable for modern enterprise apps that need to support various clients and handle complex business logic efficiently.

💡Broker Pattern

The broker pattern is used in distributed systems to coordinate communication among decoupled components. Servers publish their capabilities to a broker, and clients request services through the broker, which then directs them to suitable services. The script mentions that this pattern allows for dynamic changes in the system but requires standardization of service descriptions.

💡Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Pattern

In the P2P pattern, components known as peers can both request and provide services. The script explains that peers can dynamically change their roles and that this pattern supports decentralized computing. However, it also points out the challenges of ensuring quality of service and security in such a system.

💡Blackboard Pattern

The blackboard pattern is useful for solving complex problems without a deterministic solution strategy. It consists of a blackboard for structured global memory, knowledge sources for specialized modules, and a control component. The script describes how components interact with the blackboard by producing and pattern-matching data, making it suitable for tasks like speech recognition and protein structure identification.

💡Master-Slave Pattern

The master-slave pattern involves a master component that distributes work among identical slave components and computes a final result. The script notes that this pattern ensures accurate delegation of tasks but is only applicable to problems that can be decomposed. An example given is database replication, where the master database is authoritative, and slave databases synchronize with it.

Highlights

Introduction to architectural patterns for enterprise app development.

Definition of an architectural pattern as a general solution to common software architecture problems.

Layered pattern as the most common architecture, dividing software into four tiers: presentation, application, business logic, and data access layers.

Advantages of the layered pattern include reusability of lower layers by higher layers.

Performance limitations of the layered pattern in high-performance applications due to inefficiency of multiple layer traversal.

Suitable use cases for the layered pattern, such as general desktop applications and simple web apps, especially under budget and time constraints.

Pipe-filter pattern for processing sequences triggered by a single event, such as customer order processing.

Description of the pipe-filter architecture dividing larger tasks into smaller, independent processing steps.

Common use of the pipe-filter pattern in compilers for lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis, and code generation.

Client-server pattern with two main components: the client as service requester and the server as service provider.

Advantages of the client-server pattern include ease of modeling and service request handling.

Disadvantages such as potential server bottlenecks and single points of failure in client-server architecture.

Real-world applications of the client-server pattern in online services like email, document sharing, and banking.

Model-view-controller pattern for separating user interface functionality from application functionality.

Use of the model-view-controller pattern in web frameworks such as Django and Rails.

Event bus pattern for handling distributed systems with high volumes of asynchronous event messages.

Components of the event bus pattern: event source, listener, channel, and bus.

Advantages of the event bus pattern include ease of adding new publishers, subscribers, and connections.

Microservices architecture for supporting various browsers and native mobile clients, promoting independent deployment and scalability.

Characteristics of microservices including independent deployment, scalability, and the use of different programming languages and databases.

Broker pattern for structuring distributed systems with decoupled components and remote service invocations.

Functionality of the broker in coordinating communication among distributed system components.

Peer-to-peer pattern supporting decentralized computing and robustness against node failures.

Challenges of the peer-to-peer pattern, including lack of service quality guarantee and security issues.

Blackboard pattern for problems without deterministic solution strategies, involving a global memory, specialized modules, and a control component.

Master-slave pattern for distributing work among identical components and computing a final result.

Use cases of the master-slave pattern in database replications with authoritative master databases.

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Transcripts

ever wondered how large enterprise scale

systems are designed

before major software development starts

we have to choose a suitable

architecture that will provide us

with the desired functionality and

quality attributes

according to wikipedia an architectural

pattern is a general

reusable solution to a commonly

occurring problem in

software architecture within a given

context

in this video i will briefly explain the

most important architectural

patterns used in the enterprise app

development today

pattern one layered pattern this is the

most common architecture pattern that is

also known as the

entire architecture here the software

is divided into units called layers

there are usually four tiers of layers

presentation layer

application layer business logic layer

and

data access layer each of the layers has

a specific role

and responsibility for example the

presentation layer is usually

responsible for handling user interface

among the advantages of the layered

pattern is that a lower layer can be

used by different higher layers

however this pattern performs poorly in

the high performance applications

because it is not efficient to go

through multiple layers to fulfill a

business request

the layered pattern is usually used in

building general desktop applications

as well as relatively simple web apps it

is a good choice for situations with a

very tight budget

and time constraints pattern 2

pipe filter pattern in many enterprise

apps

a single event triggers a sequence of

processing steps

each performing a specific function for

example

let's assume a new customer order

arrives

one requirement may be that the message

is encrypted to prevent eavesdroppers

from spying on a customer's order

a second requirement is that the

messages contain

authentication information in the form

of a digital certificate

to ensure that orders are placed only by

trusted customers

to meet these requirements we need to

transform a stream of complex messages

into a stream of unique simple plain

text order messages

without additional data fields the pipes

and filters architecture divides a

larger processing task

into a sequence of smaller independent

processing steps

or filters that are connected by

channels or

pipes the pattern is often used in

compilers

where the consecutive filters perform

lexical analysis

parsing semantic analysis and code

generation

pattern three client server pattern

in the client server architecture there

are two main components

the client which is the service

requester and the server

which is the service provider although

both client and server

may be located within the same system

they often communicate over a network on

separate hardware

the advantage of using the client server

pattern is an ease of modeling

a set of services where clients can

request them

among the disadvantages of this pattern

is that the server can be a performance

bottleneck

and a single point of failure on top of

that

decisions about where to locate

functionality in the client or in the

server

are often complex and costly to change

after a system has been built

typical real-world use cases of the

client server pattern include

online applications such as email

document sharing and banking pattern 4

model view controller pattern the user

interface is typically the most

frequently modified portion of an

interactive application

how can user interface functionality be

kept separate from application

functionality

and yet still be responsive to user

input or to changes in the underlying

applications data

and how can multiple views of the user

interface be created

maintained and coordinated when the

underlying application data changes

the solution is to use the model view

controller pattern

which separates application

functionality into three kinds of

components

model which contains the core

functionality and data

view which displays the information to

the user

where more than one view may be defined

and controller

which handles the input from the user

the model view controller pattern is

commonly used in the web frameworks

such as django and rails pattern five

event bus pattern the modern enterprise

software

is often built as a distributed system

that can service asynchronously arriving

messages

associated with high volume of events

the event bus pattern has four major

components

event source event listener channel and

event bus

sources publish messages to particular

channels on an event bus

listeners subscribe to particular

channels

listeners are notified of messages that

are published to a channel to which they

have subscribed before

the advantage of using this pattern is

that new publishers

subscribers and connections can be added

easily

however the scalability might be a

problem for this pattern

as all messages travel through the same

bus

the event bus pattern is often used in

android development

e-commerce applications and notification

services

pattern six micro services architecture

the modern enterprise apps are required

to support a variety of browsers

and native mobile clients these days the

applications

usually handle client requests by

executing business logic

accessing a database exchanging messages

with other systems

and returning responses in this regard

monolithic applications can become too

large and complex for efficient support

and deployment

the solution is to build applications as

micro services

each service is independently deployable

and scalable

and has its own api boundary different

services can be written

in different programming languages

manage their own database

and developed by different teams many

use cases are applicable for a

microservices architecture

especially those that involve an

extensive data pipeline

pattern 7 broker pattern

this pattern is used to structure

distributed systems with decoupled

components

these components can interact with each

other by remote service invocations

a broker component is responsible for

the coordination of communication among

components servers publish their

capabilities to a broker

clients request a service from the

broker and the broker then redirects the

client to a suitable service from its

registry

the broker pattern allows for dynamic

change addition

deletion and relocation of objects and

it makes distribution

transparent to the developer however

among the disadvantages of the broker

pattern is that it requires

standardization of service descriptions

this pattern is often used in the

message broker software

such as apache activenq apache kafka

rabbit and q and jboss messaging

pattern 8 peer-to-peer pattern

in this pattern individual components

are known as peers

peers may function both as a client

requesting services from other peers

and as a server providing services to

other peers

a peer may act as a client or as a

server

or as both and it can change its role

dynamically with time

the peer-to-peer pattern supports

decentralized computing

and is highly robust in the failure of

any given node

besides it is highly scalable in terms

of resources and

computing power however there is no

guarantee about

quality of service as nodes cooperate

voluntarily

on top of that security is difficult to

ensure

and the system performance often depends

on the number of nodes

this pattern is used in the file sharing

networks

such as ganutella and g2 multimedia

protocols

such as p2ptv and pdtp

as well as in cryptocurrency based

products such as bitcoin

pattern 9 blackboard pattern

this pattern is useful for problems for

which no deterministic solution

strategies are known

the blackboard pattern consists of three

main components

blackboard which is a structured global

memory

containing objects from the solution

space

knowledge source which is specialized

modules with their own representation

control component which selects

configures

and executes modules all the components

have

access to the blackboard components may

produce

new data objects that are added to the

blackboard

components look for particular kinds of

data on the blackboard

and may find these by pattern matching

with the existing knowledge source

the advantage of using this pattern is

that extending the structure of the data

space

is easy however modifying the structure

of the data space

is hard as all applications are affected

this pattern is often used in speech

recognition

protein structure identification and

summer signals interpretation

pattern 10 master slave pattern

this pattern consists of two parties

master

and slaves the master component

distributes the work among

identical slave components and computes

a final result from the results which

the slaves return

the advantage of using the master slave

pattern

is the accuracy in which the execution

of a service

is delegated to different slaves with

different implementations

however this pattern can only be applied

to a problem that can be decomposed

the master slave pattern is usually used

in database replications

where the master database is regarded as

the authoritative source

and the slave databases are synchronized

to it

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