Learn All About Coke, Coal Tar, and Coal Gas | Coal and Petroleum | Class 8

Summary

In this educational session, Chemistry expert Kriti introduces viewers to the world of coal, a vital fuel source. Through the process of destructive distillation, coal yields three main products: coke, coal tar, and coal gas. Coke, a nearly pure carbon, is used as a fuel and in metal extraction and steel manufacturing. Coal tar, a thick liquid with a foul odor, contains over 200 substances and is a precursor for everyday items like dyes, drugs, and plastics. Coal gas, a combustible mixture of gases, serves as an excellent fuel with high calorific value. Kriti also poses a homework question about anthracite, encouraging viewers to engage further with the material.

Takeaways

• 🔥 Coal is a major source of fuel globally and is the only solid fossil fuel.
• 🌙 The session is led by a Chemistry expert named Kriti who is introducing the world of fuels.
• 🏭 Coal is a hard rock that is typically black or brown and is used to generate heat, power, and energy.
• 🔍 The main products derived from coal are coke, coal tar, and coal gas, obtained through the process of destructive distillation.
• 🔥 Coke is the solid residue left after the distillation process, and it is almost pure carbon.
• 💧 Coal tar is a thick black liquid with an unpleasant smell, containing a mixture of over 200 substances.
• 🌪️ Coal gas is a mixture of gases like hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, known for its high calorific value.
• 🔨 Coke is used as a fuel and a reducing agent in metal extraction and steel manufacturing.
• 🛠️ Coal tar is used as a starting material for manufacturing various substances, including synthetic dyes, drugs, perfumes, plastics, and paints.
• 🔬 Destructive distillation of coal is a process that involves heating coal in the absence of air to produce valuable by-products.
• ❓ The video ends with a homework question about anthracite, a term related to coal, which the audience is encouraged to explore and discuss.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of coal as a resource?

Coal is a valuable resource primarily used to generate heat, power, and energy.

What are the three main products obtained from the destructive distillation of coal?

The three main products obtained from the destructive distillation of coal are coke, coal tar, and coal gas.

What is the process of destructive distillation of coal?

Destructive distillation of coal is the process of heating coal in the absence of air, which breaks it down to produce coke, coal tar, and coal gas.

What is the main component of coal gas?

Coal gas, also known as Town Gas, is a mixture of different gases including hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide.

Why is coal gas considered an excellent fuel?

Coal gas is considered an excellent fuel because it is combustible and has a high calorific value, meaning it releases a lot of energy when burned.

What is coal tar and what is its composition?

Coal tar is a thick black liquid with an unpleasant smell, composed of a mixture of about 200 substances, including benzene, naphthalene, phenols, and other compounds.

What are the uses of coal tar in everyday life?

Coal tar is used as a starting material for manufacturing various substances such as synthetic dyes, drugs, perfumes, plastics, and paints.

What is coke and what are its uses?

Coke is a tough, porous, and black solid that is almost pure carbon. It is used as a fuel in homes and factories, as a reducing agent in metal extraction, and in the manufacturing of steel.

What is the difference between the combustion of coal in the presence of air and destructive distillation?

When coal is burned in the presence of air, it produces carbon dioxide without any other valuable products. Destructive distillation, on the other hand, involves heating coal in the absence of air to produce coke, coal tar, and coal gas.

What is the correct condition for the destructive distillation of coal?

The correct condition for the destructive distillation of coal is the absence of air.

What is anthracite and what was the homework question related to it?

Anthracite is a type of coal known for its high carbon content and energy density. The homework question asked viewers to figure out what anthracite is and share their answers in the comment section.

Outlines

00:00

🔥 Introduction to Coal as a Fuel Source

This paragraph introduces the topic of coal as a significant fuel source in the world. The speaker, Kriti, a chemistry expert, welcomes the audience to a session exploring the world of fuels. Coal is described as a hard rock that is typically black or brown and is used to generate heat, power, and energy. The session aims to discuss various products derived from coal, such as coke, coal tar, and coal gas, which are obtained through the process of destructive distillation—a method of heating coal in the absence of air. Kriti encourages viewers to like and subscribe to continue learning about these products and their applications.

05:02

🌟 The Products of Coal's Destructive Distillation

This paragraph delves into the three main products derived from coal through destructive distillation: coke, coal tar, and coal gas. Coke is the solid residue left after the process, which is almost pure carbon and used as a fuel and reducing agent in metal extraction and steel manufacturing. Coal tar is a thick black liquid containing over 200 substances, used as a starting material for manufacturing everyday items like synthetic dyes, drugs, perfumes, plastics, and paints. Coal gas, also known as Town Gas, is a mixture of combustible gases like hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, making it an excellent fuel with a high calorific value. The paragraph also includes a brief interactive quiz for the audience to test their understanding of the concepts discussed.

Keywords

💡Coal

Coal is a hard, typically black or brown, sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon along with various other elements, such as hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is a valuable resource used for generating heat, power, and energy. In the video, coal is the central focus as it is explored for its various by-products and its process of destructive distillation.

💡Fossil Fuel

Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as the decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis. Coal is highlighted as the only solid fossil fuel in the script, emphasizing its historical and current importance as a major source of energy worldwide.

💡Destructive Distillation

Destructive distillation is a process where organic material is heated in the absence of air, causing it to decompose into various compounds. In the context of the video, this process is used to break down coal into coke, coal tar, and coal gas, which are all valuable by-products.

💡Coke

Coke is a high-carbon content, porous solid residue left after the removal of coal's more volatile constituents through destructive distillation. It is almost pure carbon and is used as a fuel and a reducing agent in metal smelting, as well as in the production of steel, as mentioned in the video.

💡Coal Tar

Coal tar is a thick, black liquid by-product of the destructive distillation of coal, which contains a complex mixture of organic chemicals. It has an unpleasant smell and is used as a starting material for manufacturing various substances, including synthetic dyes, drugs, perfumes, plastics, and paints, as illustrated in the script.

💡Coal Gas

Coal gas, also known as Town Gas, is a combustible mixture of gases produced during the destructive distillation of coal, primarily consisting of hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. It is highlighted in the video as an excellent fuel with a high calorific value, meaning it releases a significant amount of energy when burned.

💡Calorific Value

The calorific value of a fuel is a measure of the amount of energy released during its combustion. In the video, coal gas is noted for having a high calorific value, indicating that it is an efficient source of energy when used as a fuel.

💡Reduction Agent

A reducing agent is a chemical substance that donates electrons to another chemical species and is itself oxidized in the process. Coke, one of the by-products of coal, is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals from their ores, as explained in the video.

💡Synthetic Dyes

Synthetic dyes are chemical compounds that can be used to color other materials. The script mentions that coal tar, a by-product of coal, is used as a starting material for the production of synthetic dyes, which are utilized in various industries.

💡Petrochemicals

Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum and natural gas. The video script contrasts coal with petrochemicals by stating that while coal is the source of certain products, others like nylon fiber are obtained from petrochemicals.

💡Anthracite

Anthracite is a type of coal that is harder, has a higher carbon content, and burns with a blue flame, making it a high-quality coal. The video ends with a homework question asking viewers to find out about anthracite, indicating its relevance to the broader topic of coal and its various types.

Highlights

Coal is a major source of fuel worldwide and the only solid fossil fuel.

Join this session to explore the world of fuels and learn about coal.

Coal is a hard black or brown rock used to generate heat, power, and energy.

Various valuable products can be derived from coal.

The three main products from coal are coke, coal tar, and coal gas.

Destructive distillation of coal involves heating it in the absence of air.

When coal is burned in the presence of air, it produces carbon dioxide without other valuable products.

Destructive distillation is the process of heating coal without air to produce coke, coal tar, and coal gas.

Coke is the solid residue left after destructive distillation of coal.

Coal tar is a thick black liquid collected at the bottom of the test tube during distillation.

Coal gas is a mixture of combustible gases like hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide.

Coal gas has a high calorific value and is used as an excellent fuel.

Coal tar contains over 200 substances and is used as a starting material for manufacturing various products.

Coke is used as a fuel, reducing agent in metal extraction, and in steel manufacturing.

Nylon is not a product obtained from coal; it comes from petrochemicals.

Destructive distillation of coal requires the absence of air.

Subscribe for more quality content on chemistry and fuels.

Homework question: What is anthracite?

Transcripts

[Music]

a major source of fuel throughout the

world is coal in fact it's the only

solid fossil fuel to know more about

coal join this session and together we

are going to explore the world of fuels

so good evening everyone my name is

kriti and I am your Chemistry expert and

I welcome you all

Cole is actually a hard rock that is

typically black or brown in color it's a

valuable resource used to generate heat

power and energy but you know what there

are various products that we get from

coal and today's concept bite is all

about that so fatafat hit the like

button and subscribe button and then we

get started

now coming to the three main products

that we get from coal what are they they

are Coke coal tar and cold gas but how

do we get these well let's see

buy the process of destructive

distillation of coal it's a process of

heating coal in the absence of air so

when coal is burned in the presence of

air it burns to you know produce carbon

dioxide with no other products of value

so here the catch is absence of air

presence

let's destructively distillate cool now

and remember if we eat anything in the

absence of air we call it destructive

distillation only okay cello it's time

to disappear now so that I can explain

you the process

I hope you all can see the screen

and let's get started so what we've done

over here is we've taken finely powdered

coal you know test tube and we've heated

it so as it breaks down it produces Coke

coal tar and coal gas

coal star is collected at the bottom of

the other test tube and coal gas escapes

through the side of the test tube

now the black residue left out in the

test tube is Coke so remember Coke is

The solid residue coal tar is in the

liquid state and coal gas is in the

gaseous

state so these three products are super

useful Charlie time to appear again

so I hope you remember presence of airme

carbon dioxide

so let's understand these three products

that we get from coal by the destructive

distillation of coal cello let's get

started so let's start with the very

first one that is coal gas now coal gas

is also known as Town Gas and it's a

mixture of different gases like hydrogen

methane and carbon monoxide

now these gases that you can see they're

actually combustible making coal gas in

excellent Fuel and having high calorific

value so it gives out a lot of energy

when it is being burned no wonder it's

used as a fuel

so I hope we'll quickly

now we have cold tar which is actually a

thick black liquid with unpleasant smell

it's actually a mixture of 200

substances like benzene naphthalene

phenols

in substances and the products obtained

from coal are you know basically used as

starting materials for manufacturing of

various substances used in everyday life

such as synthetic dyes drugs perfumes

Plastics paints is

now coming to Coke so moving on to cook

now it's actually

tough porous and black in color and it's

actually almost pure form of carbon it

is used as a fuel in homes and factories

and not just as a fuel

but it's largely being used as a

reducing agent in the extraction of

metals from their oars and it is also

used in the manufacturing of

steel as well so these were the three

products that we get from coal and you

know the process it's destructive

distillation and now it's time to solve

some questions

so I'll give you 30 seconds for each and

every question Charlie question number

one

which of the following is not obtained

from coal you have 30 seconds to answer

this pains explosives drugs nylon

foreign

that is a product of coal so we are

getting it from coal but nylon fiber is

actually something that we obtained from

petrochemicals

moving on to the next question now

next question says which of the

following conditions is suitable for

destructive distillation of coal

presence of fear absence of heat

presence of nitrogen absence of air

options

presence of air absence of heat presence

of nitrogen absence of air now I have I

think I emphasized on this point uh

multiple number of times now it's up to

you

again

for this question also I've given you 30

seconds I hope you all are posting the

correct answer in the chat

Charlie everyone three two one time up I

hope again you people have marked option

D because that is the correct answer

cool tar

or cold gas

we get Coke coal Taran coal gas

carbon dioxide which is not of much use

Hannah I told you this point so the

catch is absence of air

with this we've come to the end of this

concept bye so quickly like the video

and don't forget to subscribe for more

such quality content also I have a

homework question for all of you what is

anthracite anthracite I'm sure you've

heard about this term so I want all of

you to figure out and let me know in the

comment section I'm waiting for your

answers take care bye