Scientist think THIS is Alien?!
Summary
TLDRAstrophysicists may have discovered evidence of Dyson spheres, massive alien megastructures theorized to harness star energy. The Kardashev scale categorizes civilizations by their energy control, with Type II capable of building such structures. Two methods exist to detect these: observing a star dimming or detecting excess infrared light. Recent studies identified seven star candidates, possibly indicating Dyson swarms, but skepticism is advised. Alternative explanations include hot planetary discs or collisions, with further research needed to confirm their nature.
Takeaways
- 🌌 Astrophysicists may have discovered seven potential Dyson Spheres in our galaxy, suggesting the existence of advanced alien civilizations.
- 📚 The concept of Dyson Spheres was first introduced in science fiction and later detailed scientifically by physicist Freeman Dyson.
- 🔧 Civilizations would build Dyson Spheres to harness the energy of a star, indicating a Type 2 civilization on the Kardashev scale.
- ⚙️ A Type 2 civilization would require vast amounts of material, potentially dismantling planets like Mercury to construct such megastructures.
- 👀 Detection methods for Dyson Spheres include observing a star dimming and the presence of excess infrared light, indicating waste heat from energy capture.
- 🔭 Two teams of astronomers identified seven candidate stars that may have Dyson Spheres, using different data and equipment.
- 🤔 The findings are preliminary, and the candidates could also be natural phenomena, such as hot planetary discs or collisions in planetary systems.
- 📉 Some candidates have been ruled out as Dyson Spheres after further studies using radio wave telescopes suggested they are hot dog galaxies instead.
- 🌐 Hot dog galaxies are rare phenomena involving active black holes and large amounts of dust, which could explain the infrared signatures.
- 🧐 The scientific community uses attention-grabbing headlines like 'alien superstructures' to draw public interest and funding for further research.
- 🌠 The search for alien life and structures like Dyson Spheres continues, with the hope that future telescopes will provide more definitive answers.
Q & A
What is a Dyson Sphere and where did the concept originate?
-A Dyson Sphere is a hypothetical megastructure that an advanced civilization could build around a star to harness its energy. The concept was first mentioned in 1937 by British philosopher and science fiction author Olaf Stapledon in his book 'Star Maker' and later detailed by physicist Freeman Dyson in a 1960 paper.
What is the Kardashev scale and how does it categorize civilizations?
-The Kardashev scale is a theoretical framework that categorizes civilizations based on their level of technological advancement and control over energy resources. A Type 1 civilization has control over its planet's resources, a Type 2 controls its star's energy, and a Type 3 controls the energy of its entire galaxy.
How does humanity currently stand on the Kardashev scale?
-Humanity is not yet a Type 1 civilization on the Kardashev scale. We are considered a Type 0 civilization, with an estimated 7 on the scale, which indicates a civilization that has not yet achieved control over its planet's resources.
What are the two proposed methods for detecting a Dyson Sphere according to Freeman Dyson?
-Freeman Dyson proposed two methods for detecting a Dyson Sphere: observing a star that slowly dims and eventually disappears as the sphere is built around it, and detecting an excess of infrared light, indicating the sphere or swarm is heating up and emitting excess heat.
What is a Dyson Swarm and how does it differ from a full Dyson Sphere?
-A Dyson Swarm is a version of the Dyson Sphere concept where instead of a complete shell around a star, there are numerous solar panels or satellites placed around the star to capture its energy. This design is less vulnerable to destabilization and collisions compared to a full Dyson Sphere.
What are the potential natural explanations for the seven candidate stars that were thought to be Dyson Spheres?
-Natural explanations for the observed phenomena could include hot planetary discs, collisions in planetary systems producing large debris clouds, or stars naturally behaving in ways we have not yet observed, indicating new stages in a star's life cycle.
What is a 'Hot Dog Galaxy' and how does it relate to the Dyson Sphere candidates?
-A 'Hot Dog Galaxy' is a quasar with a massive amount of dust swirling around an active black hole, giving off radiation and producing heat, making the galaxy glow brightly in the infrared. Some of the Dyson Sphere candidates were later identified as Hot Dog Galaxies, which are rare and difficult to find.
How does the scientific community sometimes use sensational headlines to gain public interest?
-Scientists may use sensational headlines, such as suggesting the discovery of alien superstructures like Dyson Spheres, to capture public interest and ensure continued funding for their research. This approach can make complex scientific findings more approachable and engaging for the public.
What role does the James Webb Telescope play in further studies of the Dyson Sphere candidates?
-The James Webb Telescope, with its advanced capabilities, will play a crucial role in further studies of the Dyson Sphere candidates by providing more detailed observations and helping to confirm or rule out the possibility of these structures being alien megastructures.
What is the significance of the discovery of Hot Dog Galaxies among the Dyson Sphere candidates?
-The discovery of Hot Dog Galaxies among the candidates is significant as it represents a rare phenomenon in the universe and provides insights into the processes of active black holes and the clearing of galaxy-sized amounts of dust, contributing to our understanding of the universe's dynamics.
How does the script suggest we should approach potential discoveries like Dyson Spheres?
-The script suggests approaching potential discoveries like Dyson Spheres with skepticism, recognizing that preliminary findings require further study and that natural explanations are often more likely than sensational ones like alien megastructures.
Outlines
🌌 The Hypothetical Discovery of Dyson Spheres
Astrophysicists may have detected evidence of alien mega-structures known as Dyson Spheres in our galaxy, challenging the boundaries between science fiction and reality. The concept, first introduced by Olaf Stapledon and later detailed by Freeman Dyson, involves advanced civilizations constructing colossal structures around stars to harness their energy. The Kardashev scale contextualizes this advancement, with Type 2 civilizations capable of such feats. Project Heus aims to identify these structures by observing dimming stars or unusual infrared emissions. This discovery, if confirmed, would revolutionize our understanding of both energy utilization and extraterrestrial life.
🔍 Detecting the Enigmatic Dyson Spheres
Freeman Dyson proposed methods to detect Dyson Spheres: observing a star's gradual dimming or detecting unusually bright infrared light indicative of excess heat from the structure. Two teams, using different equipment such as the Gaia telescope and the WISE telescope, have identified seven candidate stars that exhibit these characteristics. However, the findings are preliminary, and skepticism is warranted, as natural phenomena could also account for the observed data. The public's fascination with extraterrestrial life and the allure of alien superstructures can influence how scientific findings are presented and perceived.
🤔 The Reality Behind the Dyson Sphere Hype
The scientific community faces challenges in communicating complex space topics to the public, often resorting to sensational headlines to garner interest and funding. While the search for Dyson spheres is grounded in solid science, the possibility of them being 'hot dog galaxies'—quasars with active black holes surrounded by dust—cannot be dismissed. Recent studies using radio wave telescopes have ruled out three of the seven candidates as Dyson structures, suggesting they are more likely these astronomical phenomena. The quest for understanding these cosmic anomalies continues, with further research necessary to unveil the true nature of these enigmatic celestial objects.
🌠 The Ongoing Quest for Alien Superstructures
Despite the low likelihood of the seven candidates being alien superstructures, the pursuit of knowledge in astrophysics is undeterred. The scientific process demands further investigation and the use of advanced telescopes like the James Webb to scrutinize these objects. While the allure of discovering extraterrestrial constructs captures imaginations, the reality of our understanding of the cosmos is that it is filled with rare and fascinating phenomena that, while not necessarily evidence of alien life, still offer profound insights into the universe's workings. The journey to unravel these mysteries encourages us to look to the stars with a sense of wonder and curiosity.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Dyson Sphere
💡Project Heus
💡Kardashev Scale
💡Infrared Light
💡Red Dwarf Stars
💡Gaia Telescope
💡Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxy (Hot DOG)
💡James Webb Telescope
💡Alien Megastructures
💡Scientific Communication
Highlights
Astrophysicists may have discovered proof of alien life in the form of Dyson Spheres.
Seven potential Dyson Spheres have been found within our own galaxy.
The concept of Dyson Spheres was first mentioned by Olaf Stapledon in 1937 and later detailed by physicist Freeman Dyson.
Dyson Spheres are theoretical alien mega structures built to harness the energy of an entire star.
Astrophysicists working on Project Heus believe they have found evidence of Dyson Spheres.
The Kardashev scale categorizes civilizations based on their control over energy sources.
A Type 1 civilization controls its planet's resources, while a Type 2 civilization controls its host star's energy.
Humanity is not yet a Type 1 civilization and is considered a Type 0 on the Kardashev scale.
Dyson proposed two methods to detect Dyson Spheres: dimming of a star and excess infrared light.
Two separate studies using different data and equipment found seven candidate stars for Dyson Spheres.
The detected stars exhibit unusual infrared light signatures, suggesting a Dyson Swarm rather than a complete Dyson Sphere.
The possibility of natural explanations for the findings, such as hot planetary discs or collisions, is acknowledged.
The scientific community faces challenges in effectively communicating complex topics to the public.
The term 'alien superstructures' is used to capture public interest and secure funding for further research.
New studies have explained three of the seven candidates as hot dog galaxies, not Dyson Spheres.
Hot dog galaxies are quasars with dust swirling around active black holes, emitting significant infrared light.
The likelihood of the candidates being alien superstructures is low, but further studies are needed for confirmation.
The James Webb Telescope will play a crucial role in providing answers to the nature of these celestial objects.
Transcripts
a group of astrophysicists think they
may have just discovered proof of alien
life and what they may have found is
something that previously only existed
in science fiction and they don't think
that they just found one of these things
they think that they found seven and
they're in our own
[Applause]
Galaxy this is a Dyson Sphere the idea
of these alien mega structures was first
mentioned in 1937 by British philosopher
and science fiction author Olaf
Stapleton in his book called star maker
where he described a civilization
becoming so Advanced they could build
impossibly giant structures around an
entire star to harness its
energy 23 years later physicist Freeman
Dyson published a paper detailing not
only how these alien mega structures
would theoretically work but he also
detailed how to find them in the
universe this is what a group of
astrophysicists working on a project
called project heus think that they may
have found right in our own Galactic
backyard so is this true Did they really
find seven examples of Dyson spheres or
did they simply find seven unexplained
phenomena in our galaxy and these
astronomers just want them to be Dyson
spheres so let's talk all things Dyson
spheres and how the idea of them
actually being discovered and existing
might not be as science fiction as you
think and a special thanks to brilliant
for sponsoring a portion of this
video so in order to figure out if if
Dyson spheres exist in the universe
let's start with how any civilization
would build one in the first place and
more importantly how they would get
enough material to build one at all
throughout history technological
advancements have been strongly tied to
access to energy this has been true for
all civilizations here on Earth the more
civilization can create or harness
energy the more advanced That
civilization can
become we currently exhibit this on a
small scale with three major categories
fossil fuels nuclear energy and
renewable energy as we have gained
greater control over each energy source
we've seen our own civilization progress
if all goes well and you know we don't
destroy ourselves along the way Humanity
will reach a point where we have
complete control over our planet's
resources at this point Humanity would
have reached the first of three levels
in something called the kardashi scale
this scale categorizes civilizations
based on what type of control they have
over the energy available to them a type
1 civilization has complete control over
its planet's resources even being able
to manipulate and control the planet's
weather patterns and even harness things
like volcanoes storms and earthquake to
convert it all to usable energy a type 2
civilization has the ability to control
the energy from its own host star if
Humanity were to reach this scale we
would easily be able to travel around
our own solar system freely to other
parts of the Galaxy or even be able to
travel to other galaxies with things
like warp drives or wormholes energy
would be so abundant that Humanity would
no longer be restricted on where we
could explore and finally a Type 3
civilization has the ability to control
the energy from every Star in its host
galaxy The Milky Way alone has around a
100 billion stars so imagining what a
Type 3 civilization could do with that
power is really hard to grasp and keep
in mind for context Humanity isn't even
a type one civilization yet we're still
considered a type zero but if you really
want to put a number behind it as to
where we are we're about a 7 civiliz
ation on the Kardashian
[Music]
scale all right so now knowing that
where did Dyson spheres come in with all
of this well we would expect to see type
two civilizations capable of
constructing a Dyson Sphere harnessing
all the power available from its host
star and there have been multiple
proposed versions of Dyson spheres from
both astrophysicists and sci-fi authors
alike some that encased the entire star
Gathering 100% of its energy output
although this design would be very
vulnerable to destabilization collisions
and just possibly falling into the host
star itself however the other option
would be a Dyson swarm which is placing
trillions or quadrillions of solar
panels all around the star like Rings or
satellites capturing energy with those
giant solar panels in all directions
around the star but no matter which
version is built the amount of material
that's needed to build such a
superstructure would be beyond anything
that the civilization's planet would be
able to provide alone one solution would
be for a civilization to take materials
from another planet within its system if
Humanity were to do this then the best
candidate would be Mercury and I'm not
talking about just going there and
Mining large amounts of materials from
Mercury itself no we would need to
dismantle and mine nearly the entire
planet down to its core in order to have
enough material just to build a Dyson
swarm around our sun not even a Dyson
Sphere so how would we go about
detecting such giant alien
superstructures well that's exactly
Freeman Dyson asked over 60 years ago he
proposed two major ways to detect the
existence of a Dyson Sphere the first is
that if you were observing a star at a
point in our galaxy you would see that
star slowly dim and eventually disappear
as a type two civilization built the
sphere around the star the second way
would be to detect the infrared light
still shining brightly where the star's
visible light once was showing that the
star is still there but now only
admitting infrared light at a brightness
that no other star does naturally this
would be because while the Dyson Sphere
is gathering energy from its star the
sphere or swarm itself is heating up and
giving off excess heat in the form of
infrared light and this is exactly what
the group of astrophysicists think that
they have detected in our own Galaxy two
different teams conducted separate
studies each using different data and
equipment like the Gaia telescope and
the Weiss telescope surveying millions
of stars and together coming up with
seven candidate stars that may have
Dyson spheres surrounding them but did
they actually discover Dyson spheres or
something else entirely but real quick
before I answer that question if you've
been watching my channel for a while you
know that I cover a wide variety of
space topics whether it's about black
holes potential habitable planets
lightyears away or even Dyson spheres
like we're discussing today it's
important to keep my mind sharp so I can
effectively communicate complex topics
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probability of you know whether or not
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[Music]
[Applause]
video These may just look like little
black dots on a piece of paper but in
reality they're actually pretty strange
many of the Dyson Sphere candidates
surveyed by one of the teams are
classified as red dwarf stars one of the
smaller and certainly the most abundant
type of star in the universe but these
red dwarf stars are sitting anywhere
around 500 to 900 light years away from
Earth and are admitting 60 times the
amount of infrared light as they should
be the second team surveyed stars of
varying size not just red dwarf stars
and some of those stars were even close
in size to our own Sun but these stars
on average were a lot further away
around 6,500 Lighty years from Earth and
on top of all that it was predicted that
if a Dyson swarm were to exist around
the star the excess infrared brightness
would sit around 25° C and according to
these studies this is exactly what we're
seeing so on the surface it would seem
that if these seven candidates are
actually alien superstructures they
wouldn't be Dyson spheres they would
more likely beat Dyson swarms which is
that series of satellite like objects
surrounding a star not fully
encompassing an entire star but you know
how the universe can be it typically
doesn't give answers like this so
easily it's always a good idea to
approach any potential discoveries like
this with a heavy dose of skepticism
it's really important to remember that
any findings in these papers are
extremely preliminary and to the credit
of both of these papers they openly
admit that natural explanations could
sufficiently explain these strange
findings but I'll touch on all that in
just a moment first I wanted to
highlight how this whole thing is a
really great example of one of science's
dirty little secrets unlimited power
obviously search for signs of
intelligent life there's a new study
that may suggest we are not alone what
space is so crazy I wish I understood it
better science as a whole and probably
to the surprise of no one has a huge
communication problem especially when it
comes to space topics often times a
subject matter is so complex that
scientists simply can't find a way to
effectively explain it in an
approachable manner and scientists know
very well that if they can't make it
approachable it's not likely that the
public will take much of an interest in
it and without public interest investors
and companies funding their research
might not find it as valuable or
profitable to continue to support their
research efforts sunsetting the hopes
and dreams of these research teams doing
genuinely important work but you know
what the public does respond to aliens
and the potential for the discovery of
alien life so these scientists in this
case astronomers and astrophysicists
will adjust how they present their
research to reflect those public
interests The Playbook is pretty simple
you make the headline about an alien
super structure something that will
capture the Curiosity of sci-fi and non-
sci-fi fans alike in hopes that the
research will hit enough Publications
make their rounds on social media and
create a public demand for further
answers thus ensuring that companies and
investors will continue to fund their
research now you may interpret that as
all scientific papers are purposefully
being turned into clickbait and while
that's sometimes true that's not really
what's happening here in the instance of
these two papers about Dyson spheres the
science being conducted is actually good
science that's producing genuinely
fascinating results and insights into
the universe but you know researchers
know that alien superstructures is a
catchier and sexier headline think of it
as the scientists just trying to put
really good cover art on their books I
mean how many incredible books have you
read in your life that have terrible
cover art most people have probably just
passed over some of your favorite books
at the bookstore for that reason alone
and are simply missing out on endless
incredible novels just because the
pictures on the cover of the book aren't
necessarily as interesting as the next
that's sort of what's going on here
these astrophysicists are trying to give
you a pretty dust cover to look at and
hope that you will read the content and
become interested in the mindblowing
absolutely awesome realities of the
Universe on its own and the possible
natural explanations of these seven
potential Dyson swarms are great
examples of this for example all of
these could just be hot planetary discs
producing extra missions the dim visible
light signatures could be caused by dust
and clouds blocking the Stars light and
the infrared signatures could be
produced as a result of the same dust
and clouds simply heating up another
example could be that huge collisions
are happening in these planetary systems
producing large enough clouds of
planetary debris to create these results
or you know it could just be simply that
these stars are naturally behaving in
ways that we haven't seen before and
we're getting to see new types of stages
in a star's life cycle all of these are
just is likely if not more so than the
possibility of Dyson spheres or Dyson
swarms further studies are going to be
absolutely required from something like
the James Webb Telescope in order to be
certain about any of these possibilities
in fact since the original papers have
come out about project hias new studies
have already been conducted that have
explained three of the seven possible
Dyson spheres candidates a different
team of astronomers used the very large
array Sky survey or vas which is an
array of radio wave telescopes and they
found through through those radio waves
that the heat admissions being detected
are not coming from the Stars themselves
in three out of the seven candidates so
what does that mean well it means that
at least three of these are almost
certainly not Dyson spheres they are
more likely hot dog galaxies wait nope
not that kind of hot dog a hot dust
obscured Galaxy and while these are very
common phenomena in the universe they
are notoriously difficult to find a hot
dog galaxy in the universe is a quazar
with a massive amount of dust swirling
around and active black hole in the
center giving off tons of radiation and
producing a lot of heat in turn making
the Galaxy glow brightly in the infrared
you might be sitting there thinking well
if Hot Dog galaxies are known within the
astrophysics Community why did they
immediately assume Dyson spheres at all
well it's likely two reasons one being
what I mentioned earlier you know aliens
will grab people's attention the other
one is that we've only known about hot
dog Galaxies for about 14 years this is
pretty new information in finding seven
hot dog galaxies all at once is
extremely rare on its own so it wasn't
immediately assumed to be the
explanation now that's not saying that
the other four candidates aren't Dyson
spheres or Dyson swarms because the
truth is we still have absolutely no
idea what they are so all possibilities
are welcome to the table but even if
they do turn out to all be hot dog
galaxies that's still really cool I mean
we're talking about the process of a
very rare ancient active black hole
consuming and clearing out a Galaxy
sized amount of dust and we're getting
to watch the lights signatures of it
happening in our very own Galaxy that's
crazy and if I'm being honest black
holes quazars specifically are far
cooler and far more interesting than any
other alien topic that you can present
to me and all this is sort of my point
about this particular story and these
particular findings about Dyson spheres
the scientists put forward a more
tantalizing version of the results to
gain public interest where I don't think
they necessarily had to hot galaxies are
interesting enough on their own and in
my opinion also have a very attention
grabbing name because in the end I think
the likelihood of any of these
candidates turning out to be any alien
super structure is extremely low not
zero but just very very low but only
time will tell we need a lot more time
for astronomers to continue surveys and
studies on these objects and telescopes
like the James web will go a long way in
getting those answers faster but in the
meantime we can all continue to look up
at the night sky and dream of what may
be out there waiting to to be discovered
and if you're anything like me you feel
that aliens are abundant in the universe
and one day will stumble across them but
for now it doesn't seem that that day
has come
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