Labeling theory

Summary

This video explores labeling theory within the framework of symbolic interactionism, emphasizing how societal labels shape our perception of deviance and criminal behavior. Using the example of medical marijuana, it illustrates how legality and societal norms vary across locations, leading to different labels for the same behavior. The video also differentiates between primary and secondary deviance, explaining how the internalization of a deviant label can transform one's self-concept. It concludes by discussing the concept of master status, where deviant labels can define individuals, impacting their interactions and opportunities within society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Labeling theory suggests that deviance is not inherent in behavior but is defined by society's reaction to it.
• 😀 Deviant behavior is determined by how society reacts, not by the action itself. What is considered deviant can change based on location and cultural context.
• 😀 Primary deviance refers to minor rule violations that don’t affect self-image or lead to long-term consequences.
• 😀 Secondary deviance happens when an individual internalizes a deviant label, leading to lasting changes in self-concept and behavior.
• 😀 The concept of a 'master status' means that once someone is labeled as deviant or criminal, that label can dominate their identity and influence how others treat them.
• 😀 The example of medical marijuana illustrates how the same behavior (buying marijuana) can be perceived as deviant in one location and acceptable in another.
• 😀 In states where medical marijuana is legal (like Colorado), a person is less likely to be labeled as deviant, whereas in states where it’s illegal (like Iowa), the same behavior is seen as criminal.
• 😀 Deviance is contextual, meaning that what is considered deviant varies depending on laws, culture, and societal norms in a given place.
• 😀 A person who is labeled as deviant, such as a criminal or drug user, may experience discrimination and social exclusion due to the master status attached to their label.
• 😀 The stigma of being labeled as deviant can affect an individual’s opportunities, like getting a job or participating in civic duties, even after the deviant act is over.

Q & A

What is labeling theory in the context of deviance and criminal behavior?

Labeling theory suggests that deviance and criminality are not inherent in certain behaviors, but are defined by society's reactions to those behaviors. The way society labels a person can determine whether their actions are seen as deviant or criminal.

How does society's reaction to an individual’s behavior determine whether they are labeled as deviant?

Society's reaction to a person's behavior is what ultimately defines whether the behavior is considered deviant. The behavior itself is not inherently deviant, but the labeling by society gives it that status.

What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?

Primary deviance refers to minor violations of norms that do not result in long-term consequences or affect a person’s self-image. Secondary deviance occurs when a person’s self-concept is affected by society's labeling, often leading to a more permanent identity as deviant.

How does the legal status of marijuana in different states affect the labeling of individuals who use it?

The legal status of marijuana varies by state, which leads to different labels for the same behavior. In a state like Colorado, where medical marijuana is legal, using marijuana is not considered deviant. However, in a state like Iowa, where it is illegal, using marijuana could result in a deviant label and legal consequences.

What is the concept of 'master status' in the context of deviance?

A master status is a dominant characteristic that defines a person’s identity. When someone is labeled as deviant, such as a 'felon,' this label often becomes their master status, affecting their interactions and opportunities in life.

How does the label of 'felon' impact a person's life beyond the criminal justice system?

Being labeled a 'felon' can follow a person throughout their life, affecting their ability to find employment, serve on juries, vote, and more. This label becomes a master status that influences how they are treated in various contexts.

Why does society react differently to the same deviant behavior depending on the location?

Society’s reaction to deviant behavior is influenced by local laws, cultural norms, and the political environment. What is considered deviant in one location may be accepted in another, as seen with the varying legality of marijuana across different states.

What role does time play in changing societal views on deviance, as seen with marijuana laws?

Over time, perceptions of certain behaviors, like marijuana use, can change. As societal attitudes shift, so too do the laws and reactions to behaviors, which can lead to behaviors being decriminalized or accepted as normal, as happened with medical marijuana in many states.

How can an individual’s self-concept change after being labeled as deviant?

When someone is labeled as deviant, it can alter their self-concept. They may internalize the label and start to see themselves as deviant, even if they initially did not consider their actions to be wrong. This can affect their behavior and identity.

Can an individual avoid being labeled as deviant even after committing a deviant act?

It’s possible for someone to commit a deviant act and not be labeled as deviant if society does not react strongly to the behavior, or if the individual does not experience significant consequences. This is an example of primary deviance.