Verbo - Aula 2 [Prof Noslen]

Summary

This video lesson provides an in-depth exploration of various verb forms and tenses, focusing on the nominal form of verbs, including infinitive, gerund, and participle. The instructor delves into verbal phrases, auxiliary verbs, anomalous verbs, and defective verbs, explaining their unique conjugations. Additionally, the lesson covers active, passive, reflexive, and reciprocal voices, using real-life examples to demonstrate the differences between them. The session also briefly touches on abundant verbs, illustrating how they can have multiple conjugations. The class concludes with a light-hearted encouragement for further study, including an upcoming lesson on essay writing.

Takeaways

• 😀 Verbs in their nominal forms (infinitive, gerund, participle) can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in sentences.
• 😀 Infinitive verbs end in 'r' (e.g., 'to read'), and the gerund form often ends in 'ndo' (e.g., 'reading').
• 😀 The participle form, which typically ends in 'ado' or 'ido', is used to form verbal phrases, like 'were sailed' in 'The seas were sailed by pirates.'
• 😀 A verbal phrase combines two verbs to function as one, with the first verb acting as an auxiliary verb (e.g., 'they were sailed').
• 😀 Anomalous verbs, such as 'to be' and 'to go', have irregular conjugations that differ from standard verb patterns in different tenses.
• 😀 Abundant verbs, such as 'accept' (accepted or accepted), have multiple acceptable forms for certain tenses or situations.
• 😀 Defective verbs lack conjugation in specific forms, like the verb 'to color', which doesn't exist in the first person singular of the present indicative.
• 😀 The active voice is when the subject performs the action of the verb (e.g., 'The children play').
• 😀 The passive voice occurs when the subject receives the action of the verb (e.g., 'The book was read by the teacher').
• 😀 The reflexive voice happens when the subject acts on itself, as in 'I wash myself'. A reciprocal voice is a variant where two subjects perform actions on each other (e.g., 'The players hugged each other').

Q & A

What are the three nominal forms of verbs discussed in the transcript?

The three nominal forms of verbs discussed are the infinitive, gerund, and participle. The infinitive is the base form of the verb, the gerund indicates an ongoing action, and the participle is used with auxiliary verbs to form perfect tenses.

What is a verbal phrase, and how does it function?

A verbal phrase combines two verbs, where the first verb is the auxiliary verb and the second is in a nominal form (such as the gerund or participle). The auxiliary verb helps convey the tense and mood of the sentence. For example, 'They were sailed' is a verbal phrase.

What is the role of the auxiliary verb in a verbal phrase?

The auxiliary verb in a verbal phrase provides information about the tense and mood. It is typically the first verb in the phrase, while the second verb appears in its nominal form, such as the participle or gerund.

What are anomalous verbs, and can you provide an example?

Anomalous verbs are irregular verbs that do not follow the typical conjugation patterns. For example, the verb 'to be' (ser) and 'to go' (ir) have conjugations that change drastically depending on the context, such as 'I went' and 'They went'.

What is an abundant verb, and how does it differ from other verbs?

An abundant verb has multiple acceptable forms, which can be used interchangeably. For example, the verb 'aceitar' (to accept) can be conjugated as 'aceitou' or 'aceitado'. This contrasts with regular verbs, which follow a single conjugation pattern.

What is a defective verb, and how is it different from regular verbs?

A defective verb lacks certain forms in its conjugation, making it impossible to conjugate in certain persons or tenses. For example, the verb 'colorir' (to color) does not have a first-person singular form in the present indicative.

What are the three voices of verbs mentioned in the transcript?

The three voices of verbs discussed are active voice, passive voice, and reflexive voice. Active voice involves the subject performing the action, passive voice involves the subject receiving the action, and reflexive voice involves the subject acting on itself.

Can you explain the difference between active and passive voice with an example?

In active voice, the subject performs the action. For example, 'The player kicked the ball.' In passive voice, the subject receives the action. For example, 'The ball was kicked by the player.'

What is the reflexive voice, and how is it different from the reciprocal voice?

The reflexive voice involves the subject acting on itself, such as 'The player hugged himself.' The reciprocal voice, on the other hand, involves a mutual action between two or more subjects, such as 'The players hugged each other.'

How does context affect the use of anomalous verbs, such as 'to be' and 'to go'?

The conjugation and meaning of anomalous verbs like 'to be' and 'to go' can change depending on the context. For instance, 'I went' and 'They went' are conjugated differently from the present tense 'I go' or 'They go'. The verb’s tense and meaning depend on how it is used in the sentence.