BIOLOGI 10 FASE E SMA/SMK : BIODIVERSITAS - KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI GEN SPECIES JENIS EKOSISTEM

Summary

In this educational video, Egi Nugraha explains the concept of biodiversity, breaking it down into three main categories: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. He discusses the importance of variations in living organisms and highlights various types of ecosystems such as aquatic (freshwater and marine) and terrestrial (biomes like tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundras). The video also emphasizes the ecological, economic, and socio-cultural benefits of biodiversity, as well as the natural and human-induced factors that influence it, such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity in a region.
• 😀 Genetic biodiversity showcases the variations in genes within a species, such as the differences in color, shape, or size of Guppy fish and flowers.
• 😀 Species-level biodiversity highlights the variety of organisms within a family, such as different species of cats (tigers, lions, cheetahs) or beans (soybeans, peanuts, etc.).
• 😀 Ecosystem biodiversity focuses on the differences in abiotic factors and organism populations within ecosystems, which can be terrestrial or aquatic.
• 😀 Aquatic ecosystems are classified into freshwater and marine ecosystems, with differences in abiotic components like salinity and the types of organisms that live in them.
• 😀 Freshwater ecosystems have low salinity and include zones like littoral, limnetic, and profundal, each with different light penetration levels.
• 😀 Marine ecosystems have high salinity and are divided into zones such as the photic, twilight, and aphotic zones, depending on light penetration.
• 😀 Different marine zones include littoral, neritic, bathyal, and abyssal, each supporting unique organisms due to variations in depth and light.
• 😀 Land ecosystems, called biomes, cover vast areas and are primarily influenced by climate factors like latitude and altitude. Examples include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundras.
• 😀 Biodiversity provides ecological, economic, and socio-cultural benefits, from maintaining ecological balance to offering resources for food, medicine, and industry.

Q & A

What is biodiversity?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, encompassing the diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region. It includes variations in the shape, size, color, texture, and nature of living organisms.

What are the three types of biodiversity?

The three types of biodiversity are genetic biodiversity, species biodiversity, and ecosystem biodiversity.

How is genetic biodiversity different from species biodiversity?

Genetic biodiversity refers to variations in the genes within a species, affecting both genotype and phenotype. Species biodiversity, on the other hand, focuses on the number and variety of species within a given area.

Can you give examples of genetic biodiversity?

Examples of genetic biodiversity include variations in guppy fish (color, fin shape, body size), rose flowers, coconut types, and mango types.

What is ecosystem biodiversity and how is it divided?

Ecosystem biodiversity refers to the diversity of ecosystems in a region, including their abiotic factors and the population types they support. It is divided into two main types: terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.

What are the main differences between aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems?

Aquatic ecosystems are characterized by water as the main abiotic factor and can be divided into freshwater and marine ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems, on the other hand, are characterized by land as the physical environment and include biomes like tropical rainforests, deserts, and grasslands.

What is the significance of abiotic factors in defining ecosystems?

Abiotic factors, such as temperature, water, and soil, play a critical role in determining the types of organisms that can live in an ecosystem. For example, marine ecosystems differ from freshwater ones mainly due to differences in salinity.

What are the different zones in aquatic ecosystems?

In freshwater ecosystems, there are three main zones: the littoral zone (edge of the water), the limnetic zone (middle of the water), and the profundal zone (bottom). In marine ecosystems, there are the photic zone (light penetration), the twilight zone (dim light), and the aphotic zone (no light).

What are the characteristics of a tropical rainforest biome?

Tropical rainforests experience high rainfall (more than 2000mm per year) with hot and humid temperatures throughout the year. They feature tall, dense trees and a variety of plants like lianas and epiphytes, as well as diverse animals including mammals, birds, and insects.

How does the tundra biome differ from the taiga biome?

The tundra biome receives less than 250mm of rainfall per year and has no dominant vegetation, mainly consisting of moss and shrubs. In contrast, the taiga biome receives 500-1000mm of rainfall annually and is dominated by coniferous trees, such as cypress and pine.

What are some of the ecological, economic, and socio-cultural benefits of biodiversity?

Ecologically, biodiversity helps maintain natural balance, regulate the climate, and prevent erosion. Economically, it provides resources such as food, medicine, and raw materials for industries. Socio-culturally, it offers aesthetic, spiritual, and cultural value to humans.

What are the main human activities that threaten biodiversity?

Human activities that threaten biodiversity include deforestation, environmental pollution, and poaching, all of which can cause habitat loss and species extinction.