Bab 11 Jihad, Radikalisme umat beragama dan Islam Moderat

Summary

This presentation explores the concepts of jihad, radicalism, and moderate Islam, emphasizing the importance of understanding these terms in their correct religious and sociopolitical context. It delves into the causes of religious radicalism, including frustration with Western influences and misunderstandings of Islam. The role of education in combating radicalism, particularly in universities, is discussed along with strategies for promoting peace and moderation. The presentation highlights Indonesia's experience with moderate Islam, advocating for tolerance, balance, and justice as core Islamic values that reject extremism and foster peaceful coexistence.

Takeaways

• 😀 Jihad is defined as a struggle or effort in the way of Allah, encompassing both physical and spiritual actions to uphold faith and confront personal and societal challenges.
• 😀 Radicalism is a belief system or movement that seeks rapid, often extreme changes in society or religion, sometimes through violent means, and is not inherently linked to any religion.
• 😀 Radicalism in religion arises from various factors including dissatisfaction with societal development, particularly when communities feel left behind by Western advancements.
• 😀 Lack of deep religious understanding, especially among the youth, is a significant cause of radicalism in religious communities, including Islam.
• 😀 External factors, such as state repression, can also fuel radicalism, as seen during Indonesia's New Order regime, where the suppression of Islamic groups led to a radical response.
• 😀 Radicalism in higher education, especially on campuses, is often wrongly justified as jihad, but this interpretation contradicts true Islamic teachings of peace and moderation.
• 😀 Deradicalization efforts in education include revising curricula, organizing public discussions on fundamentalism, and ensuring teachers have proper religious knowledge.
• 😀 Islam is fundamentally a moderate religion, promoting balance, tolerance, justice, and peace, which contrasts with extreme views and actions.
• 😀 Moderate Islam, or Islam Rahmatan Lil-Alamin, is a path of peace and tolerance, advocating for an inclusive society based on the principles of fairness and respect for all people.
• 😀 Indonesia's Islam is characterized by moderation, with major Muslim organizations like Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah playing crucial roles in promoting peaceful and moderate interpretations of Islam.

Q & A

What is the definition of jihad in Islam?

Jihad is derived from the Arabic word 'jahada', which means to strive or struggle with effort and difficulty. In Islamic terms, it refers to a sincere effort in following Allah’s commands and resisting temptations and injustice.

What are the different types of jihad mentioned in the script?

Jihad has several forms, including fighting against visible enemies, striving against personal desires and self-discipline, combating ignorance, poverty, and disease, and contributing financially to the cause of Islam.

How is jihad linked to the concept of 'fisabilillah'?

'Fisabilillah' means 'in the way of Allah'. When jihad is combined with this phrase, it refers to the act of striving or fighting for the sake of Allah, which can include both physical and non-physical efforts.

What is the primary distinction between greater jihad (jihad akbar) and lesser jihad?

Greater jihad (jihad akbar) refers to the struggle against one’s own desires and ego, while lesser jihad refers to physical actions such as combat or fighting in defense of Islam.

How does the script define radicalism?

Radicalism is described as an ideology or behavior that seeks drastic and often violent changes in society, whether political, social, or religious, and aims to implement these changes by force or extreme measures.

According to the script, what is the relationship between radicalism and religion?

The script argues that radicalism, while sometimes associated with religion, is a distortion of religious teachings. Radical actions are often not aligned with the true principles of Islam, which advocate for peace, moderation, and balance.

What are some of the main causes of religious radicalism in the Muslim community, according to the script?

The main causes include a sense of alienation due to the perceived backwardness of the Muslim world compared to the West, a lack of deep understanding of religion, and the impact of external political repression, such as government actions against Muslim groups.

How does radicalism manifest in higher education institutions?

Radicalism in universities is often justified by some as a form of jihad. However, the script highlights that such justifications are incorrect and points out that universities can be sites of radicalization, requiring efforts like deradicalization programs to address this issue.

What measures are suggested in the script to prevent radicalization in higher education?

The script suggests several measures, including reviewing educational curricula, holding public discussions on radicalism and tolerance, carefully selecting educators to ensure they have a proper understanding of Islam, and collaborating with religious organizations to promote moderate views.

What does 'Islam rahmatan lil alamin' mean, and how does it relate to Islamic moderation?

'Islam rahmatan lil alamin' means 'Islam as a mercy to all the worlds'. This concept emphasizes Islam’s role in fostering peace, tolerance, and justice for all of humanity, which aligns with the principles of Islamic moderation and a balanced, peaceful approach to life.