9º Ano - Geografia - Aula 22 - Divisão do Mundo, a Partir do Colonialismo Metrópole e Colônia

Summary

In this geography lesson, Professor Adriele explores the world’s divisions through colonialism. She covers the concepts of the 'Old World' (Europe, Africa, Asia), 'New World' (the Americas), and 'Newly Discovered World' (Oceania). The lecture highlights the Eurocentric view that shaped these terms and discusses the historical context of European exploration, colonization, and the resulting colonial relationship between metropolises and colonies. The session also touches on mercantilism and the colonial pact, where colonies supplied resources to enrich European powers. The lesson concludes with review questions reinforcing these key concepts.

Takeaways

• 😀 The division of the world from a historical and geographical perspective is shaped by the colonialism period, with terms like 'Old World', 'New World', and 'New World' used to categorize regions.
• 😀 The Earth can be divided into hemispheres: the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, divided by the Equator, and the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, divided by the Prime Meridian at Greenwich.
• 😀 Continents are regionalized based on geographical proximity, with six continents: America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and Antarctica.
• 😀 The 'Old World' refers to the European view around the 15th century, including Europe, Africa, and Asia, which they already knew.
• 😀 The 'New World' refers to the Americas, which were 'discovered' by Europeans during their explorations, thus seen as new compared to the Old World.
• 😀 The 'New World' also includes the Americas, while the 'New World' refers to Oceania, which was the last continent to be discovered by Europeans.
• 😀 The concept of Eurocentrism emerged, where Europeans viewed their civilization as superior and dismissed other civilizations, particularly in the Americas.
• 😀 The term 'Eurocentric' or 'Eurocentrism' refers to the belief that European culture, people, and language are superior to others.
• 😀 The European perspective shaped the development of colonialism, with the Old World considered the epicenter of civilization and discovery.
• 😀 The Age of Exploration, starting in the 15th century, enabled European countries to establish colonies around the world, with these colonies providing labor, raw materials, and markets for European goods.

Q & A

What is the theme of the geography class in the transcript?

The theme of the class is the division of the world based on colonialism, with an emphasis on the relationship between metropolis and colony.

How is the world divided in geographical terms?

The world is divided into hemispheres: the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, divided by the Equator, and the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, divided by the Meridian of Greenwich.

What are the six continents mentioned in the script?

The six continents mentioned are America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and Antarctica.

What is the historical geographical division of the world?

The world is divided into three regions: the Old World, the New World, and the Newest World. The Old World refers to Europe, Africa, and Asia, while the New World refers to the Americas, and the Newest World refers to Oceania.

What does the term 'Old World' refer to?

The 'Old World' refers to the continents of Europe, Africa, and Asia, which were known to Europeans around the 15th century.

What does the term 'New World' refer to?

The 'New World' refers to the Americas, which were discovered by Europeans during their exploration and colonization of the continent.

Why is Oceania referred to as the 'Newest World'?

Oceania is referred to as the 'Newest World' because it was the last continent to be discovered by Europeans.

What is eurocentrism, as explained in the transcript?

Eurocentrism is the belief that European civilization is the most advanced and superior to others, and it often disregards or downplays the contributions and histories of non-European civilizations.

What role did the Age of Exploration play in colonization?

The Age of Exploration, starting in the 15th century, allowed European powers to make contact with previously unknown territories, leading to the colonization of regions such as the Americas and Oceania. European countries established colonies to extract resources and wealth, often using enslaved labor.

What is the relationship between metropolis and colony described in the script?

The relationship between metropolis and colony is one of exploitation, where colonies provided cheap or enslaved labor, raw materials, and precious metals, while consuming goods produced by the metropolis. This system was central to European colonial economies.

What is mercantilism, and how did it affect the colonial economy?

Mercantilism was an economic system prevalent from the 15th to the 18th centuries, where the wealth of a nation was measured by its stock of precious metals, such as gold and silver. This system influenced colonial economies by encouraging European nations to extract resources from colonies and trade exclusively with them to amass wealth.

What was the pact colonial, and how did it benefit the European metropolises?

The pact colonial, or colonial trade agreement, was a system in which colonies were required to provide raw materials, precious metals, and labor to the European metropolises. In return, the colonies consumed goods produced by the metropolises, thus enriching the European powers.