Sistema Rh, MN e Eritroblastose Fetal - Aula 08 - Módulo 2: Genética

Summary

This video lesson provides an in-depth exploration of human blood types, focusing on the ABO and Rh systems. The speaker explains the differences between blood types and how the Rh factor affects blood compatibility. It also covers the MN system and the rare condition of erythroblastosis fetalis, which occurs when a Rh-negative mother attacks the blood cells of her Rh-positive baby. The lesson explains the causes of this condition, its consequences, and preventive measures, such as the injection of antibodies to prevent sensitization during pregnancy. The video aims to educate viewers on genetic blood compatibility and health precautions.

Takeaways

• 😀 The ABO blood system helps determine blood types (A, B, AB, O) based on antigens present on red blood cells.
• 😀 The Rh system determines whether blood is positive or negative based on the presence of the Rh factor on red blood cells.
• 😀 Rh-negative individuals do not have the Rh factor, while Rh-positive individuals do. This is crucial in blood transfusion compatibility.
• 😀 Rh-negative individuals can only donate to Rh-negative recipients, while Rh-positive individuals can only donate to others with the same Rh factor.
• 😀 If an Rh-negative person receives Rh-positive blood, their immune system will attack the foreign red blood cells due to the different Rh factor.
• 😀 Rh-negative individuals are homozygous recessive (Rh-) and Rh-positive individuals can be either homozygous dominant (Rh+) or heterozygous (Rh+).
• 😀 The MN system is another blood typing system involving two alleles (M and N) and does not typically cause blood incompatibility in transfusions.
• 😀 The MN system has three phenotypes: M, N, and MN, based on the presence of M or N antigens on red blood cells.
• 😀 Erythroblastosis fetalis (fetal erythroblastosis) occurs when an Rh-negative mother attacks the Rh-positive blood of her fetus, leading to the destruction of fetal red blood cells.
• 😀 The condition can result in anemia and high levels of erythroblasts (immature red blood cells) in the baby, which may lead to complications like jaundice, anemia, or even miscarriage.
• 😀 To prevent erythroblastosis fetalis, Rh-negative mothers are given an injection of Rh immunoglobulin to prevent the formation of antibodies that could harm future pregnancies.