Geopolitik Indonesia dalam Merespon Persoalan Dunia

CNN Indonesia

7 Jan 202410:23

Summary

TLDRThe video script discusses the Indonesian presidential debate focusing on defense, international relations, globalization, geopolitics, and foreign policy. It highlights the military budget fluctuations from 2019 to 2023, the controversy over the allocation of foreign loans for the submarine procurement, and the South China Sea disputes involving Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and China's Nine-Dash Line. The script also touches on the conflict between Israel and Palestine, emphasizing the aggression centered in Gaza and the West Bank, and the resulting civilian casualties and displacements.

Takeaways

💰 The Indonesian military budget has fluctuated between 2019 and 2023, with an increase from 115.35 trillion in 2019 to 136.87 trillion in 2020, a decrease to 125.89 trillion in 2021, and an increase to 150.3 trillion in 2022, followed by a decrease to 135.44 trillion in 2023.
🚀 The Indonesian government has been criticized for its handling of the military budget, particularly regarding the allocation of foreign loans for the procurement of submarines, which some argue could be misused in the lead-up to the 2024 elections.
🌐 The South China Sea is a contested area claimed by six nations, with overlapping claims and significant international trade routes passing through it.
📜 UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 1982 is an international maritime law that is recognized by many countries and governs the rights and responsibilities of nations regarding their use of the world's oceans.
🚧 China's 'Nine-Dash Line' is a claim over the South China Sea that is not recognized by international law, particularly UNCLOS, and has led to tensions with other nations, including Indonesia.
🛳️ The Natuna Sea has been a point of conflict between Indonesia and China, with China's fishing vessels entering the area without permission, leading to diplomatic disputes.
🏭 The South China Sea is rich in natural resources, including an estimated 900 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 213 billion barrels of oil, which has made it a focal point of contention.
🌍 The South China Sea is also home to one-third of the world's marine biodiversity, adding to its strategic importance.
🔥 The conflict between Israel and Palestine is highlighted, with Israel's military aggression focused on Gaza and the West Bank, leading to civilian casualties and displacement.
🏠 Over 15,000 Palestinians have been killed in the conflict, with many seeking refuge in areas that are not safe from the ongoing aggression.
🗳️ The topics discussed in the debate are likely to include the South China Sea disputes, military budget management, and the Israel-Palestine conflict, which are significant issues in the region.

Q & A

What are the main topics discussed in the second presidential debate?
-The main topics discussed in the second presidential debate include defense, security, international relations, globalization, geopolitics, and foreign policy.
What is the issue with the Indonesian military budget from 2019 to 2023?
-The issue is the fluctuation in the military budget, with increases and decreases over the years, and the significant increase in 2022 to Rp150.3 trillion, which raises questions about the allocation and management of these funds.
Why is the allocation of the foreign loan for the procurement of the 'Alat Utama Sistem Pertahanan' (Main Defense System) a concern?
-The allocation of a large foreign loan for the procurement of the Main Defense System is a concern due to its size, reaching 4.25 billion dollars, and the potential for misuse, especially with the upcoming 2024 elections.
What is the significance of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982?
-UNCLOS 1982 is an international law that defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine and coastal areas.
What is the 'Nine-Dash Line' and how does it relate to the South China Sea?
-The 'Nine-Dash Line' is a demarcation claimed by China to represent its historical claims over the South China Sea, encompassing an area of about 2 million square kilometers, despite being challenged by UNCLOS 1982 and other nations' claims.
What is the conflict between Indonesia and China over the Natuna Sea?
-The conflict arises from China's claims over the Natuna Sea, which falls within the 'Nine-Dash Line', and Indonesia's refusal to recognize this line, as it violates the UNCLOS 1982 and Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Why is the South China Sea a contentious issue among six countries?
-The South China Sea is a contentious issue due to overlapping territorial claims, rich natural resources such as oil and gas reserves, and strategic shipping routes, leading to disputes among countries like Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, and Malaysia.
What are the resources at stake in the South China Sea?
-The South China Sea is rich in resources, including an estimated 900 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 213 billion barrels of oil, making it a significant economic and strategic interest for the countries involved.
What is the conflict between Israel and Palestine, and how has it escalated?
-The conflict between Israel and Palestine involves military aggression by Israel, particularly in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, with the aim of targeting Hamas, leading to civilian casualties and displacement.
How has the conflict in the Gaza Strip affected civilians?
-The conflict has led to the displacement of around 15,000 Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, with hundreds killed in the ongoing aggression, highlighting the humanitarian crisis in the region.
What are the potential discussions in the upcoming presidential debate regarding these issues?
-The upcoming presidential debate may discuss strategies for managing the military budget, addressing territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and formulating foreign policies to handle international conflicts such as the one between Israel and Palestine.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Indonesian Military Budget and South China Sea Conflicts

The first paragraph discusses the fluctuating military budget of Indonesia from 2019 to 2023, highlighting a significant increase and decrease across the years. It mentions the controversy surrounding the allocation of a large foreign loan for the purchase of a military vessel, the Alut Sista, raising concerns about potential misuse ahead of the 2024 elections. Additionally, the paragraph addresses the South China Sea disputes, explaining the concept of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and contrasting it with China's Nine-Dash Line claim. The South China Sea is depicted as a contested area among six nations, with a focus on Indonesia's stance on the matter, especially after incidents in the Natuna Sea where Chinese vessels entered without permission, sparking conflicts.

05:02

🌍 Geopolitical Tensions: South China Sea and Middle East Conflicts

The second paragraph delves into the geopolitical tensions in the South China Sea, emphasizing the strategic and resource-rich nature of the region. It outlines the active trade routes and the vast reserves of natural gas and oil, comparing them to the reserves of Saudi Arabia. The paragraph also touches on the territorial disputes involving Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Furthermore, it shifts focus to the Middle East, detailing the military aggression of Israel towards Palestine, centered around Gaza and the West Bank. The paragraph describes the impact of the conflict, including the displacement of civilians and the death toll, highlighting the humanitarian concerns arising from these conflicts.

10:03

🗣️ Upcoming Presidential Debates and Key Issues

The third paragraph serves as a lead-in to the upcoming presidential debates, setting the stage for the key issues that are expected to be discussed. It mentions that these debates will likely focus on the previously outlined topics, including military spending, territorial disputes, and the broader implications of geopolitical tensions. This paragraph acts as a transition, preparing the audience for the in-depth discussions that will ensue during the debates, which are crucial for understanding the candidates' positions on these critical matters.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Defense Budget

The defense budget refers to the financial allocation by a government to fund its military activities. In the video's context, it discusses the fluctuation in Indonesia's military budget from 2019 to 2023, highlighting a significant increase and decrease over the years. For instance, in 2019, it was 115.35 trillion, increased to 136.87 trillion in 2020, then decreased to 125.89 trillion in 2021, and increased again to 150.3 trillion in 2022, only to decrease to 135.44 trillion in 2023.

💡Modernization

Modernization in the script pertains to the upgrading of military equipment and systems to make them more efficient and technologically advanced. The video mentions the modernization of Indonesia's main defense systems, which becomes a topic of discussion due to the government's decision to increase the budget for the acquisition of submarines, indicating a commitment to modernizing the country's defense capabilities.

💡UNCLOS

UNCLOS stands for the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, an international agreement established in 1982 that governs the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans. The script refers to UNCLOS when discussing the legal framework for maritime boundaries, emphasizing its significance in defining a country's exclusive economic zone extending 200 nautical miles from its coastline.

💡Nine-Dash Line

The Nine-Dash Line is a demarcation claimed by China to outline its territorial claims in the South China Sea, covering an area of about 2 million square kilometers. The video script mentions this line as a point of contention, as it extends far beyond the limits set by UNCLOS and includes areas that are historically and legally disputed by other nations.

💡Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

An Exclusive Economic Zone, or EEZ, is a sea zone prescribed by UNCLOS, in which a state has special rights to explore and use marine resources, up to 200 nautical miles from its coastline. The script uses the term to describe the areas claimed by China under the Nine-Dash Line, which are not recognized internationally and are in conflict with the EEZs of other countries.

💡Natuna Sea

The Natuna Sea is a region mentioned in the script that has been a source of conflict between Indonesia and China. It is highlighted as an area where Chinese vessels entered without permission, leading to a dispute over maritime boundaries and sovereignty. The script emphasizes Indonesia's stance of not recognizing the Nine-Dash Line and its commitment to protect its maritime territory.

💡South China Sea

The South China Sea is a highly contested region that features in the script as a focal point of geopolitical tension. It is described as a rich area in terms of trade routes, natural gas reserves, and oil, which has led to overlapping claims by six countries, including China. The script discusses the strategic importance of this region and the disputes arising from overlapping territorial claims.

💡Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is a self-governing Palestinian territory mentioned in the script that has been the center of military aggression by Israel. The video discusses the conflict in Gaza, highlighting the displacement of civilians and the destruction caused by Israeli military operations. The script emphasizes the humanitarian crisis and the international concern over the situation.

💡West Bank

The West Bank is another Palestinian territory mentioned in the script, which has also been subject to Israeli military aggression. The video script describes the West Bank as an area where Israel has conducted operations to find and neutralize Hamas, leading to civilian casualties and international scrutiny.

💡Hamas

Hamas is the Palestinian Islamic organization mentioned in the script that governs the Gaza Strip. It is portrayed as the target of Israeli military operations in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The script implies that the presence of Hamas is used as a justification for Israeli military actions in Palestinian territories.

💡Geopolitical Tension

Geopolitical tension refers to the strain and conflict between nations due to various factors such as territorial disputes, resource control, and ideological differences. The script discusses this concept in the context of the South China Sea and the conflicts involving Israel and Palestine, illustrating how these tensions can lead to military conflicts and affect regional stability.

Highlights

The debate covers four themes with two subthemes, including defense, security, international relations, globalization, geopolitics, and foreign policy.

Indonesia's military budget fluctuation from 2019 to 2023, with increases and decreases across the years.

In 2023, a significant increase in the military budget to Rp150.3 trillion is noted.

Concerns about the management of the military budget and modernization of main equipment in December 2023.

The government's recent increase in foreign loan allocation for the procurement of submarines.

A substantial loan amount of $4.25 billion or Rp61.7 trillion for defense spending is highlighted.

The debate on the unusual use of foreign loans for defense procurement ahead of the 2024 elections.

The South China Sea as a contested area among six nations and its legal framework under UNCLOS 1982.

China's Nine-Dash Line claim over the South China Sea, which is not internationally recognized.

Indonesia's stance on not recognizing the Nine-Dash Line due to lack of international legal basis.

The potential conflict between Indonesia and China over the Natuna Sea area.

China's recent actions in the South China Sea, including the addition of a 10th dashed line.

The South China Sea's significance due to active trade routes, natural gas reserves, and oil deposits.

The estimated value of natural resources in the South China Sea, including a comparison with Saudi Arabia's oil reserves.

The conflict between Israel and Palestine, focusing on military aggression centered in Gaza and the West Bank.

The impact of the conflict on Palestinian civilians, with approximately 15,000 casualties reported.

The debate's focus on key issues that may become topics of discussion in the 2024 presidential debate.