ERA VARGAS - Resumo Desenhado

Summary

The video script discusses the transformative era of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, beginning with the 1930 revolution and his rise to power. It explores his government's economic and political reforms, such as labor rights, industrialization, and the creation of the minimum wage. The narrative touches on key events like the 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution, the rise of extremist movements, Vargas's authoritarian state, and the impact of World War II on Brazil. The video concludes with Vargas's eventual downfall and his second democratic presidency, offering a deep dive into his complex legacy in Brazilian history.

Takeaways

• 😀 Getúlio Vargas' era transformed Brazil's political landscape, marking the beginning of significant labor reforms and women's right to vote.
• 😀 The political system before Vargas was dominated by the 'café com leite' policy, where presidents alternated between São Paulo and Minas Gerais, lasting for 36 years.
• 😀 Vargas' rise to power came after a political crisis, with President Washington Luís choosing Júlio Prestes as his successor, breaking the political tradition and triggering dissatisfaction among many.
• 😀 The 1930 revolution, led by Vargas, overthrew President Washington Luís, marking the beginning of Vargas' provisional government and the start of his era.
• 😀 Vargas centralized power, eliminated the 1871 constitution, and appointed military interventors in place of state governors to control the regions.
• 😀 During the 1929 Great Depression, Vargas aimed to protect Brazil's coffee industry by burning surplus coffee, while also focusing on industrialization to reduce reliance on imports.
• 😀 Despite opposition from the São Paulo coffee elites, Vargas pushed forward with the creation of a new electoral code, including secret and compulsory voting, as well as women's suffrage.
• 😀 The 1932 Constitutional Revolution, although a failure, pressured Vargas to call for new elections, resulting in the 1934 Constitution, which established a four-year presidential term.
• 😀 The rise of extremism in Brazil mirrored European fascist movements, with the Brazilian Integralists and the National Liberation Alliance (ANL) representing far-right and far-left factions, respectively.
• 😀 Vargas, fearing the growth of the ANL and communism, enacted the National Security Law, eventually leading to the closure of the ANL and setting the stage for the Estado Novo (New State), an authoritarian regime that lasted until 1945.

Q & A

What historical period is referred to as the Vargas Era in Brazil?

The Vargas Era refers to the period when Getúlio Vargas was in power in Brazil, starting from 1930 after the revolution that brought him to the presidency, lasting until 1945, including both his authoritarian regime (Estado Novo) and his democratic presidency later on.

What was the 'café com leite' political system in Brazil?

The 'café com leite' system was an informal political arrangement between the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, where the presidency alternated between these two states, ensuring political power for the elites of both regions.

How did the assassination of João Pessoa contribute to Vargas's rise to power?

João Pessoa, Vargas's vice-presidential candidate, was assassinated in 1930, which led to political unrest. This event was used by Vargas and the Liberal Alliance to mobilize support and overthrow President Washington Luís, marking the beginning of the 1930 Revolution.

What was the purpose of Vargas's creation of the 'Estado Novo' in 1937?

Vargas established the 'Estado Novo' in 1937 as a response to perceived communist threats and political instability. This new regime was a highly centralized, authoritarian state, with Vargas consolidating power and ruling without elections under a new, restrictive constitution.

What was the significance of the 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution?

The 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution was an uprising in São Paulo against Vargas's authoritarian regime, demanding a new constitution and a return to the republican system. While unsuccessful, it forced Vargas to promise new elections and the drafting of a new constitution in 1933.

How did Vargas's government address the economic challenges of the Great Depression?

In response to the Great Depression, Vargas sought to industrialize Brazil to reduce dependency on coffee exports. He initiated policies aimed at substitution of imports and invested in industries such as steel and electricity, thereby modernizing Brazil's economy.

What was the relationship between Vargas and the political ideologies of the time, such as fascism and communism?

Vargas's government navigated between extreme right-wing and left-wing ideologies. He had connections with the fascist-inspired Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB), while also repressing communist movements like the National Liberation Alliance (ANL), reflecting the polarized political landscape of the time.

How did the 'Estado Novo' impact workers' rights in Brazil?

Under Vargas's 'Estado Novo', significant labor reforms were implemented, such as the creation of a minimum wage, labor cards, and the establishment of the Justice of Labor. These measures aimed to gain the support of the working class while also controlling labor movements.

What role did Vargas play during World War II, particularly in relation to the Axis Powers?

Initially neutral, Vargas eventually sided with the Allies after the Brazilian merchant navy was attacked by German submarines. Brazil sent troops, known as the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, to fight in Italy, playing a significant role in the Allied victory while also strengthening ties with the United States.

Why did Vargas leave power in 1945 and how did it affect his political career?

Vargas was ousted in 1945 after mounting pressure from both military and political opposition. Despite his removal, he maintained a strong popular image and returned to power in 1951 through democratic elections, marking the beginning of his second presidency.