Fisiologi Hormon Siklus Mensturasi - FSH, Estrogen, LH, Progesteron

Summary

This video explains the menstrual cycle and the hormonal processes involved in each phase. It begins with menstruation, where estrogen and progesterone levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining. The proliferative phase follows, with FSH stimulating follicle development and estrogen thickening the uterine lining. During ovulation, a peak in estrogen triggers the release of LH, causing the egg to be released. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining in case of pregnancy. The video also covers natural family planning and hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills, which prevent ovulation and regulate hormone levels.

Takeaways

• 😀 The menstrual cycle consists of four phases: menstruation, proliferative, ovulation, and luteal.
• 😀 Menstruation happens when ovarian hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are at their lowest, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining.
• 😀 The proliferative (follicular) phase occurs after menstruation, where the hormone FSH stimulates the maturation of follicles in the ovaries.
• 😀 Follicles are the precursors to eggs, and only one follicle will mature and release an ovum during the cycle.
• 😀 Estrogen is produced by the mature follicle and helps thicken the uterine lining in preparation for a possible pregnancy.
• 😀 When estrogen levels peak, it stimulates the release of LH (Luteinizing Hormone), triggering ovulation on around day 14 of the cycle.
• 😀 After ovulation, the ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy.
• 😀 Progesterone and estrogen work together to keep the uterine lining thick in case of embryo implantation.
• 😀 The luteal phase involves the production of progesterone, which inhibits the production of FSH to prevent the maturation of new follicles while there is still an egg in the fallopian tube.
• 😀 If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates after about 14 days, leading to a drop in estrogen and progesterone, triggering the next menstruation.
• 😀 Hormones like estrogen and progesterone are also used in birth control pills to prevent ovulation, with progesterone-only pills often recommended for breastfeeding women.

Q & A

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?

The four phases of the menstrual cycle are menstruation, the proliferative phase (or follicular phase), ovulation, and the luteal phase.

What happens during the menstruation phase?

During the menstruation phase, the uterine lining sheds due to the lowest levels of estrogen and progesterone, causing the menstrual bleeding.

Why does menstruation occur when estrogen and progesterone are at their lowest levels?

Menstruation occurs because, with low levels of estrogen and progesterone, the uterine lining cannot be maintained, leading to its shedding.

What is the proliferative (follicular) phase, and why is it called that?

The proliferative phase (or follicular phase) is when the hormone FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) rises and stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries. It is called the follicular phase because it involves the maturation of ovarian follicles.

What role does estrogen play in the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen helps to thicken the uterine lining in preparation for a possible pregnancy. It is produced by the maturing follicles during the proliferative phase.

What triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

The rise in estrogen triggers the anterior pituitary gland to produce LH (Luteinizing Hormone), which causes ovulation, where the mature follicle releases an egg (ovum).

What happens to the follicle after ovulation?

After ovulation, the follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to maintain the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy.

What is the function of progesterone during the luteal phase?

Progesterone helps to further thicken the uterine lining to support a potential pregnancy. It works together with estrogen to prepare the uterus for implantation.

What occurs if fertilization does not happen during the luteal phase?

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates after about 14 days, leading to a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels, causing the uterine lining to shed, marking the start of the next menstrual cycle.

How does the use of hormonal birth control pills affect the menstrual cycle?

Hormonal birth control pills, which often contain estrogen and progesterone, prevent ovulation by inhibiting the production of FSH and LH, preventing follicle maturation and ovum release.