LOMBA HAFALAN BIOGRAFI BUNG KARNO TAHUN 2021 : JUARA III

Summary

This transcript narrates the life and legacy of Soekarno, Indonesia’s first president, from his early years to his pivotal role in the country's independence. Born in 1901, Soekarno was a student, leader, and freedom fighter who battled colonialism, developed the concept of Marhaenism, and spearheaded Indonesia’s struggle for independence. He was jailed multiple times, exiled, and played a key role in shaping the country's foundation. His leadership, including the declaration of Indonesia’s independence in 1945, led to his eventual presidency. Soekarno's impactful life continued to resonate, earning him various honors and degrees posthumously.

Takeaways

• 😀 Soekarno, born on June 6, 1901, in Surabaya, was the second son of Sukemi Sosrodihardjo and Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai.
• 😀 Soekarno graduated from technical school in 1926, later becoming an engineer in civil engineering, and developed the ideology of Marhaenism.
• 😀 He was a passionate advocate for Indonesia’s independence, writing articles that called for unity against colonialism and imperialism.
• 😀 In 1929, Soekarno wrote 'Under the Banner of Revolution,' warning of the coming Pacific War and the eventual independence of Indonesia.
• 😀 Despite imprisonment by the Dutch, Soekarno continued his political activism and famously delivered the 'Indonesia Menggugat' defense speech in 1930.
• 😀 Soekarno was exiled several times, spending time in various places like Ende and Bengkulu, where he continued to influence Indonesia's independence movement.
• 😀 He was instrumental in the creation of Pancasila, proposing it as the foundational philosophy for Indonesia’s independence in 1945.
• 😀 On August 17, 1945, Soekarno proclaimed Indonesia’s independence and raised the red and white flag at his residence in Jakarta.
• 😀 Soekarno played a significant role in the Indonesian National Revolution, especially during the military aggressions by the Dutch between 1947 and 1949.
• 😀 Soekarno's leadership led to the formation of the Republic of Indonesia, with him as its first president, and he became a symbol of national unity and independence.

Q & A

Who was Soekarno?

Soekarno was the first president of Indonesia, a prominent nationalist leader who played a key role in the country's struggle for independence from colonial rule. He was a founding figure in the creation of the Republic of Indonesia.

What significant event took place on 17th August 1945?

On 17th August 1945, Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesia's independence from Dutch colonial rule, marking the birth of the Indonesian Republic.

How did Soekarno contribute to the formation of the Indonesian independence movement?

Soekarno was a leading figure in the nationalist movement, organizing efforts to unite Indonesians against colonialism. He advocated for independence through his political writings and speeches, including his concept of Marhaenism, and was involved in multiple resistance activities.

What was Soekarno's educational background?

Soekarno graduated with a degree in civil engineering from the Technische Hoogeschool in Bandung (now known as ITB), where he was part of a group of indigenous students aiming to fight against Dutch colonial rule.

What role did Soekarno play during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia?

During the Japanese occupation, Soekarno was appointed as the head of the Putera organization, which was a Japanese-supported body for mobilizing Indonesian resources. However, Soekarno used this position to further the cause of independence.

What was the significance of Soekarno's speech in 1st June 1945?

Soekarno's speech on 1st June 1945 during a BPUPKI (Indonesian Preparatory Committee for Independence) meeting proposed Pancasila as the foundational ideology for an independent Indonesia, which later became the nation's official state philosophy.

What was the impact of Soekarno's 'Indonesia Menggugat' speech?

The 'Indonesia Menggugat' speech, delivered during his trial in 1930, was a powerful defense of Indonesian independence and a critique of Dutch colonial rule. It galvanized public opinion and solidified Soekarno's status as a key figure in the independence movement.

How did Soekarno's imprisonment affect his political career?

Although Soekarno was imprisoned multiple times by the Dutch colonial government, it did not diminish his resolve. Instead, his time in prison allowed him to continue his ideological work, write influential articles, and garner support for the independence cause.

What is the significance of the 'Supersemar' letter in Indonesian history?

The 'Supersemar' letter, issued on 11th March 1966, transferred executive power from Soekarno to General Soeharto during a time of political instability. This event marked the beginning of Soeharto's New Order regime, which lasted for more than three decades.

When and where did Soekarno pass away, and what legacy did he leave behind?

Soekarno passed away on 21st June 1970 in Jakarta and was buried in Blitar. His legacy includes being the founding father of Indonesia, the architect of its independence, and a symbol of nationalism and resistance against colonial oppression.