História da Administração

Summary

This video explores the origins and evolution of administration, tracing its roots back over 5,000 years to ancient Sumer in Mesopotamia, where early bureaucratic systems were established. It covers significant milestones in administrative history, including the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Egypt, Babylon, China, Greece, and Rome, highlighting key developments in governance, record-keeping, and logistics. The video then moves into the medieval period, mercantilism, and the Industrial Revolution, leading to the emergence of scientific management and classical administration. The development of modern management theories is also discussed, offering a comprehensive overview of the history of administration.

Takeaways

• 😀 The origins of administration date back over 5,000 years, with early forms of bureaucracy and management emerging in ancient civilizations.
• 😀 The Sumerians, around 3000 BCE, are considered the first to establish public administration practices, using temples (ziggurats) as both religious and administrative centers.
• 😀 Ancient Sumerians recorded commercial transactions, including agricultural and trade activities, and introduced taxation systems based on goods like agricultural products and livestock.
• 😀 The Code of Ur-Nammu, created around 2100 BCE, laid the foundation for legal and administrative frameworks in Sumer, including penalties for financial crimes.
• 😀 The Egyptians developed advanced agricultural management, especially regarding grain storage and distribution along the Nile River, ensuring the population's food security.
• 😀 The Babylonians, under King Hammurabi, introduced the famous Code of Hammurabi, which outlined rules for transactions, taxation, and business practices, influencing legal administration.
• 😀 Ancient China made significant strides in administration, with works like *The Art of War* shaping military strategy and government planning, and the Great Wall being an example of large-scale project management.
• 😀 Greece contributed to administrative thought through its focus on ethics, democracy, and public management, while Rome excelled in organizing its vast empire through provincial management and infrastructure.
• 😀 During the medieval period, the rise of mercantilism saw the expansion of trade and economic practices that required administrative oversight, with the merchant class gaining power.
• 😀 The Industrial Revolution (18th century) brought significant changes to administration with the rise of factories, labor division, and management theories like Taylorism, emphasizing efficiency and scientific management.

Q & A

What is the origin of administration as a concept?

Administration as a concept dates back around 5,000 years, with its origins in ancient civilizations such as Sumer, where early forms of management and organizational practices were developed.

Where did the first known form of administration emerge?

The first known form of administration emerged in Sumer, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in what is now southern Iraq.

What were ziggurats, and how were they related to administration in Sumer?

Ziggurats were large temples in Sumer, dedicated to local gods. They were not only religious centers but also administrative hubs where records were kept for trade, tax collection, and other civic functions.

What role did the 'patesis' play in Sumerian administration?

The 'patesis' were the leaders of Sumerian city-states, acting as both political rulers and religious figures, as well as military commanders. They oversaw administration and were supported by bureaucrats and priests.

How did the Sumerians record their administrative activities?

The Sumerians used early forms of record-keeping, including writing on clay tablets to document transactions, like the collection of taxes and the sale of goods, which is considered the earliest form of accounting.

How did ancient Egyptian administration contribute to the empire's success?

Egyptian administration was crucial for managing agricultural production along the Nile, including grain storage, distribution, and logistical systems. It also helped to control the resources during times of scarcity, ensuring the empire's stability.

What was the role of the Code of Hammurabi in Babylonian administration?

The Code of Hammurabi established a set of laws that regulated various aspects of life, including commerce and property, serving as an early example of structured legal administration and resource management.

What role did the ancient Chinese have in the development of strategic administration?

Ancient China contributed to administrative theory through works like *The Art of War*, which focused on strategic planning and military management. Additionally, China's bureaucracy was integral to managing large-scale projects like the Great Wall.

How did the Roman Empire handle governance across its vast territories?

The Roman Empire employed provincial governors to manage local affairs while ensuring their alignment with the central government in Rome. Efficient tax collection, infrastructure like roads, and a professional army were key to maintaining control.

What was the significance of the Industrial Revolution in shaping modern administration?

The Industrial Revolution introduced mass production and factory systems, which required more complex forms of management. It led to the emergence of scientific management, focusing on efficiency, process optimization, and the organization of labor.

How did Frederick Taylor contribute to the development of administration?

Frederick Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, introduced the concept of treating administrative processes as a science. He advocated for rationalizing work processes, focusing on efficiency, and standardizing practices within industries.

What were Henri Fayol's contributions to administrative theory?

Henri Fayol is known for systematizing administrative practices and defining the five primary functions of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He also established principles of administration like division of labor and equity.