Sejarah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Benua Etam | Tagar

Summary

The video script explores the history of East Kalimantan, from its ancient kingdoms like Kutai and Kutai Kartanegara, to the influence of Dutch and Japanese rule. It highlights key historical moments, including the submission of East Kalimantan to the Dutch in the 18th century, the Japanese occupation in 1941, and Indonesia's independence. Following the split of Kalimantan into three provinces in 1956, East Kalimantan became its own province with Samarinda as the capital. The script also suggests several historical sites to visit, including the Sultan's Palace and the Balikpapan port.

Takeaways

• 😀 Kalimantan Timur has a rich history with several kingdoms, such as the Kingdom of Kutai and the Sultanate of Banjar, existing before Dutch arrival.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Kutai, founded around the 5th century, is considered the oldest in Indonesia, as evidenced by inscriptions found in Muara Kaman, Kaltim.
• 😀 In 1787, Sultan Tahmidullah II of Banjar handed over Kalimantan Timur to the VOC, marking the beginning of Dutch colonial influence in the region.
• 😀 In 1846, the Dutch established a resident assistant in Samarinda for the eastern Borneo region, which now forms Kaltim and parts of Kalsel.
• 😀 Japanese forces occupied Kalimantan Timur during World War II, with Tarakan being the first city they captured in 1941, followed by Balikpapan and Samarinda.
• 😀 Initially, the people of Kaltim welcomed the Japanese, thinking they were liberators from Dutch rule, but later faced harsh treatment from them.
• 😀 By 1943, Japan banned the hoisting of the Indonesian flag and playing the national anthem, leading to resistance and conflict in the region.
• 😀 After Japan's surrender in 1945 and Indonesia's declaration of independence, the Dutch re-entered Kalimantan Timur with Allied forces to reassert control.
• 😀 Following Indonesia's independence, Kalimantan Timur became part of the Kalimantan residency and was later separated into the provinces of Kaltim, Kalsel, and Kalbar in 1956.
• 😀 In 2012, Kaltim underwent a division, leading to the creation of the new province of Kalimantan Utara, reducing the number of cities and regencies in Kaltim from 14 to 9.
• 😀 The province of Kalimantan Timur offers several historical sites for visitors, including the Sultan Kutai Palace, Masjid Jami Haji Amir Hasanuddin, and the Sangkulirang Caves.

Q & A

What was the historical significance of the Kutai Kingdom in East Kalimantan?

The Kutai Kingdom is considered the oldest kingdom in Indonesia, dating back to the 5th century AD. It is significant due to the discovery of seven stone inscriptions, which provided evidence of the kingdom's existence, particularly the reign of Maharaja Mulawarman.

What role did the Dutch East India Company (VOC) play in the history of East Kalimantan?

In 1787, Sultan Tahmidullah II of Banjar handed over East Kalimantan to the Dutch East India Company (VOC), making it a protectorate. The Dutch gradually took control of the region, establishing a presence in Samarinda by 1846.

How did Japan impact East Kalimantan during World War II?

During WWII, Japan occupied East Kalimantan, starting with the oil-rich city of Tarakan in 1941. Japanese forces also took over Balikpapan and Samarinda, where locals initially welcomed them as liberators from Dutch rule. However, Japan later imposed strict measures and began suppressing the Indonesian flag and anthem.

Why did the local population of East Kalimantan initially welcome the Japanese forces?

The locals saw the Japanese forces as liberators who could free Indonesia from Dutch colonial rule. This perception was fueled by Japanese propaganda that portrayed them as allies in the struggle for Indonesian independence.

What led to the resistance against Japanese forces in East Kalimantan?

As Japan's harsh treatment of the local population intensified, including restrictions on national symbols and cultural expressions, resistance movements began to form. This led to armed confrontations between the Japanese and the local population.

How did East Kalimantan's history change after Indonesia's independence in 1945?

After Indonesia declared independence in 1945, the Dutch attempted to regain control. East Kalimantan became part of the newly formed Indonesian territory, eventually becoming a province under the administration of the Republic of Indonesia.

When was East Kalimantan officially recognized as a province of Indonesia?

East Kalimantan was officially recognized as a province in 1956 when the Kalimantan region was divided into three provinces: East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan.

What major change occurred in East Kalimantan in 2012?

In 2012, East Kalimantan experienced a significant change when the province of North Kalimantan was created through a division, reducing the number of cities and districts in East Kalimantan from 14 to 9.

What are some historical landmarks in East Kalimantan that tourists should visit?

Tourists visiting East Kalimantan should visit several historical landmarks, including the Sultan Kutai Palace, Jami Mosque Haji Amir Hasanuddin, Shiratal Mustaqim Mosque, Sambaliung Palace, and Sangkulirang Cave or Gua Tampak Tangan.

How did the establishment of Dutch colonial rule affect the governance in East Kalimantan?

Under Dutch colonial rule, East Kalimantan was initially governed through a system of protectorates. After Japan's defeat and Indonesia's independence, the Dutch re-established their governance, which was later replaced by Indonesian sovereignty as the region transitioned into a fully recognized province.