#Part1 Topik 6 Akuntansi Musyarakah PSAK 106 Definisi, Landasan Syariah, Jenis Musyarakah

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of *musyarakah*, an Islamic finance partnership, including its definition, Islamic law foundations, and accounting standards. The speaker elaborates on the differences between *musyarakah* and other forms of partnerships, such as *mudharabah*, highlighting its structure, where all parties contribute capital. The video also addresses the accounting processes at each stage of the partnership and reviews the various types of *musyarakah* (permanent, decreasing, etc.) and relevant fatwas and standards (e.g., PSAK 106). Practical illustrations and further details of *musyarakah* in Islamic financial institutions are also discussed.

Takeaways

• 😀 Musyarakah is a partnership where two or more parties contribute capital to a joint business venture and share profits and losses according to their contributions.
• 😀 The concept of musyarakah comes from the Arabic term 'syirkah,' which means partnership or association, involving shared ownership or collaboration for business purposes.
• 😀 According to PSAK 106, musyarakah refers to a cooperative agreement where each party contributes capital, and any profit or loss is shared according to the contribution.
• 😀 The principle of musyarakah is supported by Islamic teachings, including verses from the Quran and hadith, which emphasize fair partnership and trust between parties.
• 😀 The Quranic verse cited indicates that partnerships are permissible as long as the partners are honest and act in good faith, avoiding treachery.
• 😀 In the context of Islamic finance, musyarakah differs from mudharabah, as both parties in musyarakah contribute capital, while in mudharabah one party provides capital and the other provides expertise.
• 😀 Fatwa DSN (National Sharia Council) provides detailed guidelines on musyarakah, including rulings on financing and risk-sharing in partnership agreements.
• 😀 Musyarakah can involve either permanent or diminishing partnerships, with permanent partnerships maintaining the same contributions, while diminishing partnerships involve a gradual shift in ownership from one partner to another over time.
• 😀 Musyarakah financing may not require collateral, but in certain cases, financial institutions can request collateral to mitigate risks in the partnership.
• 😀 The key components of a musyarakah contract include mutual agreement on profit-sharing, a clear division of roles between the partners, and transparency in operational and financial matters.

Q & A

What is the definition of Musyarakah in the context of Islamic finance?

Musyarakah is a partnership or cooperative agreement between two or more parties, where each party contributes capital and shares in the profit or loss according to their respective contributions.

How does Musyarakah differ from Mudharabah?

In Musyarakah, both parties contribute capital, while in Mudharabah, one party provides capital and the other provides expertise or labor. In Mudharabah, the capital provider does not participate in the management of the business.

What is the basis of Musyarakah according to Islamic law?

The basis for Musyarakah is rooted in the Quran (Ashab Ayat 28) and Hadith, where it is permissible to engage in partnerships as long as the parties act with honesty and fairness, and do not betray each other.

What does the Hadith in Sahih Abu Dawood indicate about partnerships?

The Hadith mentions that Allah is the third party in a partnership, provided neither partner betrays the other. If betrayal occurs, Allah will withdraw from the partnership.

What is the significance of Fatwa DSN No. 8 of 2000 related to Musyarakah?

Fatwa DSN No. 8 of 2000 addresses the guidelines for Musyarakah financing, particularly at the early stages of Islamic financial development, ensuring the legitimacy of the partnership.

What are the key elements outlined in PSAK No. 106 regarding Musyarakah?

PSAK No. 106 covers the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of Musyarakah contracts in accounting, detailing how transactions are recorded during the contract's initiation, operational phases, and at its conclusion.

What happens if a partner in a Musyarakah faces a loss?

If a loss occurs, it is shared proportionally based on the capital contribution of each partner, provided the loss is not due to negligence or wrongdoing.

What does 'Al Musyarakah Al-Mutahiya Bit Tabligh' refer to in the context of Musyarakah?

Al Musyarakah Al-Mutahiya Bit Tabligh, introduced in Fatwa DSN No. 133 of 2019, refers to a Musyarakah contract where one partner's share gradually decreases, and the other partner ultimately assumes full ownership by the end of the contract.

How is profit shared in a Musyarakah partnership?

The profit is shared according to the terms agreed upon at the outset of the contract, typically in proportion to each partner’s contribution, but this can be adjusted based on the mutual agreement.

What are the types of Musyarakah contracts discussed in the video?

The types of Musyarakah contracts mentioned include permanent Musyarakah, where capital shares remain constant throughout the partnership, and diminishing Musyarakah, where one partner's share gradually decreases over time.