🥇 SISTEMA NERVIOSO en 14 minutos!!!. Generalidades - ¡Explicación Sencilla!
Summary
TLDREste video de anatomía, creado por Juan José Sánchez, ofrece una visión general del sistema nervioso. Se explica que el sistema nervioso es una serie de células responsables de gobernar todos los procesos del cuerpo humano, tanto voluntarios como involuntarios. Se compone de neuronas, las células básicas del sistema, que se unen para formar el tejido nervioso y luego los órganos nerviosos como el cerebro y la médula espinal. El sistema se divide en el central y el periférico, siendo el central nervioso el eje central que manda y controla todo el resto. El periférico conecta el central con el resto del cuerpo y se subdivide en somático (nervios espinales y craneales) y autónomo (sistemas simpático y parasimpático), que controlan funciones involuntarias como el ritmo cardíaco y la respiración.
Takeaways
- 🧠 El sistema nervioso es un conjunto de células encargadas de gobernar todos los procesos del cuerpo humano, tanto voluntarios como involuntarios.
- 💻 Se le puede comparar con la computadora central que dirige todos los demás sistemas del cuerpo humano.
- 🤹 Los sistemas del cuerpo humano, como el cardiovascular, digestivo, endocrino, osteoarticular, muscular, están gobernados por el sistema nervioso.
- 🧬 El sistema nervioso está compuesto por células llamadas neuronas, que son la unidad básica fundamental del sistema nervioso.
- 🤝 La unión de neuronas constituye el tejido nervioso, que junto con otros tipos de tejidos forman los órganos del sistema nervioso, como el cerebro y la médula espinal.
- 🔄 El sistema nervioso se divide generalmente en dos grandes partes: el sistema nervioso central y el sistema nervioso periférico.
- 🧠 El sistema nervioso central está compuesto por el cerebro y la médula espinal, que son los órganos encargados de dirigir el resto del sistema nervioso.
- 🔗 El sistema nervioso periférico actúa como conexión entre el sistema nervioso central y el resto del cuerpo.
- 🕊️ El sistema nervioso periférico se subdivide en el sistema nervioso somático, compuesto por nervios espinales y craneales, y el sistema nervioso autónomo.
- 🚀 El sistema nervioso autónomo, también conocido como vegetativo, controla funciones involuntarias como la frecuencia cardíaca, la respiración y la dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos.
- 🔄 El sistema nervioso autónomo está subdividido en el sistema simpático y el sistema parasimpático, que tienen funciones antagonizantes.
Q & A
¿Qué es el sistema nervioso según el script del video?
-El sistema nervioso es un conjunto de células encargadas de gobernar todos los procesos del cuerpo humano, tanto voluntarios como involuntarios, actuando como la computadora central que dirige el resto de los sistemas del cuerpo.
¿Cómo se compone el sistema nervioso a nivel celular?
-El sistema nervioso está compuesto por células llamadas neuronas, que son la unidad básica fundamental del sistema nervioso. La unión de estas neuronas constituye el tejido nervioso.
¿Cuál es la función de las neuronas en el sistema nervioso?
-Las neuronas son células ultramegadesarrolladas que actúan como la base del sistema nervioso, permitiendo la comunicación y la coordinación de las funciones corporales.
¿Cómo se divide el sistema nervioso según el script?
-El sistema nervioso se divide en dos grandes partes: el sistema nervioso central y el sistema nervioso periférico. Algunos autores también incluyen el sistema nervioso autónomo o vegetativo como una tercera subdivisión.
¿Qué son los órganos que componen el sistema nervioso central?
-El sistema nervioso central está compuesto por dos órganos principales: el cerebro (también conocido como el encéfalo) y la médula espinal.
¿Qué es el sistema nervioso periférico y cómo se subdivide?
-El sistema nervioso periférico es la conexión que tiene el sistema nervioso central con el resto del cuerpo. Se subdivide en el sistema nervioso somático y el sistema nervioso autónomo.
¿Cuáles son los componentes del sistema nervioso somático?
-El sistema nervioso somático está compuesto por los nervios espinales (C1, C2, C3, C4 hasta C8, y dorsales D1, D2, etc.) y los nervios craneales que emergen directamente del cerebro.
¿Qué es el sistema nervioso autónomo y qué tipo de funciones controla?
-El sistema nervioso autónomo es el sistema que no se puede controlar a voluntad y que regula funciones como la frecuencia cardíaca, la dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos, la liberación de hormonas, la producción de sudor, entre otras.
¿Cómo se subdividen las funciones del sistema nervioso autónomo?
-El sistema nervioso autónomo se subdivide en el sistema nervioso simpático y el sistema nervioso parasimpático, que tienen funciones antagonísticas entre sí.
¿Qué son las divisiones del cerebro según el script?
-El cerebro está subdividido en el encéfalo anterior (telencefalo), el encéfalo medio (mesencefalo) y el encéfalo posterior (rhinencefalo).
¿Cuáles son las dos funciones principales de los nervios en el sistema nervioso?
-Los nervios tienen dos funciones principales: los nervios sensitivos o aferentes, que traen sensaciones al sistema nervioso central, y los nervios motores o efectores, que transmiten información desde el sistema nervioso central para realizar acciones.
Outlines
🧠 Introducción al Sistema Nervioso
El primer párrafo presenta una introducción al sistema nervioso, enfocándose en su importancia y composición. Se describe cómo el sistema nervioso es una serie de células responsables de controlar los procesos tanto voluntarios como involuntarios en el cuerpo humano, actuando como la 'computadora central' que dirige el resto de los sistemas del cuerpo. El canal 'Easy Anatomy', dirigido por Juan José Sánchez, tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión general del sistema nervioso antes de profundizar en áreas específicas como el sistema simpático y parasimpático. El sistema nervioso está compuesto por neuronas, las células básicas del sistema, que se unen para formar el tejido nervioso y, a su vez, los órganos del sistema nervioso, como el cerebro y la médula espinal.
🔍 División del Sistema Nervioso
Este párrafo se centra en la división del sistema nervioso en dos grandes partes: el sistema nervioso central y el sistema nervioso periférico. Aunque algunos autores sugieren una tercera subdivisión, el sistema autónomo o vegetativo, que se considera más adecuado como parte del sistema nervioso periférico. El sistema nervioso central está conformado por el cerebro y la médula espinal, siendo el cerebro dividido en partes anteriores, medias y posteriores. El sistema nervioso periférico se subdivide en el sistema nervioso somático, formado por nervios espinales y craneales, y el sistema nervioso autónomo, que controla funciones involuntarias como la frecuencia cardíaca y la respiración. Se destaca la importancia de comprender la conexión entre el sistema central y el periférico para entender completamente el sistema nervioso.
🌿 Subdivisión y Funciones del Sistema Nervioso
El tercer párrafo profundiza en las subdivisiones del sistema nervioso, destacando las funciones del sistema somático y autónomo. El sistema somático está formado por nervios espinales y craneales, que conectan el cerebro y la médula espinal con el resto del cuerpo. El sistema autónomo, por otro lado, se subdivide en el sistema simpático y parasimpático, que regulan funciones involuntarias opuestas entre sí, como la respuesta al estrés y la relajación. El autor menciona que ha creado videos específicos para explicar cada una de estas subdivisiones y sus funciones. Además, se enfatiza la distinción entre los nervios aferentes (sensibles) y eferentes (motores), que son esenciales para la comunicación entre el sistema nervioso central y el periférico.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Sistema Nervioso
💡Neurona
💡Tejido Nervioso
💡Órganos del Sistema Nervioso
💡Sistema Nervioso Central
💡Sistema Nervioso Periférico
💡Sistema Nervioso Autónomo
💡Sistema Nervioso Somático
💡Nervios Craneales
💡Nervios Espinales
Highlights
El sistema nervioso es un conjunto de células encargadas de regular todos los procesos del cuerpo humano, tanto voluntarios como involuntarios.
El sistema nervioso es como la computadora central que dirige todos los demás sistemas del cuerpo.
Se puede decir que el sistema nervioso es uno de los sistemas más importantes del cuerpo humano.
Los neurónas son las células básicas y fundamentales del sistema nervioso.
La unión de neuronas constituye el tejido nervioso, que es la base del sistema nervioso.
Los órganos del sistema nervioso, como el cerebro y la médula espinal, están compuestos principalmente de tejido nervioso.
El sistema nervioso se divide en el sistema nervioso central y el sistema nervioso periférico.
El sistema nervioso central está compuesto por el cerebro y la médula espinal.
El sistema nervioso periférico se divide en el sistema nervioso somático y el sistema nervioso autónomo.
El sistema nervioso somático está formado por nervios espinales y craneales.
Los nervios craneales emergen directamente del cerebro y son parte del sistema nervioso periférico.
El sistema nervioso autónomo controla funciones involuntarias del cuerpo como la frecuencia cardíaca y la respiración.
El sistema nervioso autónomo se subdivide en los sistemas simpático y parasimpático.
Los nervios aferentes son responsables de llevar sensaciones al sistema nervioso central.
Los nervios eférentes transmiten información del sistema nervioso central para realizar acciones.
El sistema simpático y parasimpático tienen funciones antagonistas en el control de los órganos.
El canal Easy Anatomy ofrece una serie de videos sobre el sistema nervioso, incluyendo los sistemas simpático y parasimpático.
Transcripts
Hi Hi What's up? Welcome to a new anatomical video on this channel easy anatomy
by juán josé sanchez and well today I bring you the generalities of the nervous system, we are going to talk
about how it is composed from a very general point of view, what are its major divisions and now
with This or this video will later derive the generalities of the central nervous system and
the generalities of the peripheral nervous system, as well as I have developed a series
of videos on the sympathetic nervous system and a video on the parasympathetic nervous system,
all from the in general view to be studied as an introduction to the nervous system and
to be able to study the world of neuroanatomy, then this nervous system is nothing more than
a set of cells that are in charge of governing each and every one of the processes that are
seen in the human body, processes that are both voluntary and processes that are involuntary,
it is like the central computer, it is the machine in charge of directing all the
other processes that are going to be the rest of the body systems, remember that
the human body is nothing more that a set of many systems, cardiovascular system,
digestive system, endocrine system, osteoarticular system, muscular system, then all of
them are governed in turn by this nervous system, then it can be said that it is one of
the most important systems of the human body. since it governs the others, however it is well
known that all systems are necessary for the correct functioning of the organism, since
they are all interrelated with each other, so as I told you, this is the one in charge of directing,
supervising and controlling all the functions of our organs, that is, each of the
viscera and the body in general, how does the nervous system perform this function? well,
they have wonderful ultra mega developed cells, which are called
nerve cells or more easily known as neurons, these neurons are the basic
minimum fundamental unit of the nervous system, we know that the union of neurons is going to constitute what
is the nervous tissue, that is, many nerve cells among themselves and this nervous tissue will
join together different types of nervous tissue to form the organs or viscera that
would be the nervous organs, such as in this case the brain, for example, the spinal cord
or including the subdivisions of the brain and finally all these nervous organs when they come together, they
make up this great nervous system, which is nothing more than the union of these nervous organs,
what I had just told you, we are going to see it here a little more graphically, the minimal fundamental part
the neurons, which you see has a very particular cellular shape different from the other cells of the
organism, then several cells with let's say a function in common will join together to form the
nervous tissue itself, then the nervous tissue can be said to be no It is more than the union of cells
that have similar functions, functions in common and now the different tissues of the human body,
for example the nervous tissue, plus a little vascular tissue, plus a little
lymphatic tissue can be, although good in the nervous system we are not going to find it, but there may
be a part of, let's say, blood tissue, for example, it will constitute the organ,
then an organ is nothing more than a union of several tissues that have different functions
but that are grouped together to be able to carry out a major function that is given for example as an
organ, then you are going to see an organ, for example the brain and the brain is
made up of both nervous tissue that would be its main composition, but it also has
blood tissue that carries it Nutrition also has blood cells as such, it will also have
let's say connective tissue that will help it perform the complete function, so this is what
the organ is, the union of various tissues but in the case of the nervous system in our
main tissue It will be the nervous tissue, after these organs are constituted, well each
organ will of course be united with similar functions, for example the brain is joined with the
diencephalon, metencephalon and they will form together with the spinal cord to the great system highly strung,
The systems or devices are nothing more than the union of organs that have related functions,
so this is how the nervous system itself is constituted, from the smallest to
the largest, let's see then what the divisions of this nervous system are but Before
you do not go away from this video [Music] it is very important that you subscribe to the channel below
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we have stayed in The scheme where we were going to explain the subdivisions of the nervous system,
it is said that most authors agree that the nervous system is divided into two large
portions, although some divide it into three, I am going to explain why some do it into three,
So why is it easier to divide it in two? because we simply divide it into a
central nervous system and a peripheral nervous system, what some authors add is a third or a
third subdivision such as the autonomic or vegetative nervous system, I am going to explain to you that this
system should rather be added to the peripheral and not put it as a parallel one, then starting
from the fact that it is divided into two large parts as a central and peripheral nervous system,
we are now going to subdivide each of these systems, the central nervous system for
its part, well there is a video on the channel of generalities of the central nervous system,
that is, it is the central one that is responsible for governing all the rest of the subsystems of the
nervous system, that is, the peripheral nervous system acts because the order is given to the
central nervous system, it is the central axis, it is simply made up of two large organs, one is the
craniocerebrum, which is what is commonly known as the brain, but I have already explained to you throughout
all the videos that the brain is only a part of the brain, so it is better
call it the brain, the complete mass and the second organ that is an extension of the brain,
is the spinal cord, not confusing, I always emphasize, spinal cord with bone marrow
and the bone marrow is something that is inside the bones, a blood-forming tissue, that is, understood
as hematopoietic, the spinal cord is in the center of the spinal column and is
a nervous tissue. I am explaining to you, then both the brain and the spinal cord together
are what make up the central nervous system, knowing that after the brain, as
we are going to see in the video of generalities of the central nervous system, it is divided into
anterior, middle and posterior brain, and all the videos of the anterior brain, which is the same telencephalon,
are on my channel, there are more than 70 of neuroanatomy videos, the same as those of the midbrain,
the same as those of the hindbrain, we also have videos of the spinal cord there, so this is the
central nervous system, for its part the peripheral nervous system is what we are going
to divide into the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system, then this
autonomic or vegetative nervous system should be included as part of the peripheral nervous system and not as
I had told you as a main subdivision, what does the peripheral nervous system do? Well,
this peripheral nervous system is simply the connection that the central nervous system has with
the rest of the body, why? because the central nervous system gives the orders to all the others,
it is as if it were the cpu but if you connect that cpu to the monitor, you do not connect it to the mouse,
you do not connect it to the keyboard, it simply remains giving orders without know what to do,
then the peripheral nervous system is like that set of cables, so to speak,
that connect the central nervous system with the organ that is going to perform the function as such, which
is why we subdivide this peripheral nervous system into a somatic nervous system
, which are those nerves that we call spinal, the ones that you commonly hear
derive from the spinal cord, some and others that come directly from the brain, so
This somatic nervous system is made up of the spinal nerves, which are what you see called
c1, c2, c3, c4 to c8, then the dorsal d1, d2, those are the spinal nerves
because they derive from the spine, that is, from the spinal cord, but it turns out that there are a series of nerves that
belong to the peripheral nervous system, which are the cranial nerves, these cranial nerves are
nerves that are like spinal nerves but that emerge from the spinal cord, they come directly from the brain,
that is why Some students, upon seeing that the cranial nerves derive from the brain, think that
the cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system and this is not the case, the cranial nerves are part
of the peripheral nervous system, because they are nothing more than communication between the brain and the rest of
the organs . , especially organs of the face and neck, but well there are nerves, for example like the vagus nerve
that has innervation even in the abdomen, so these two spinal nerves or cranial nerves
are part of the somatic nervous system, that is, they go to the entire body. , the autonomic nervous system,
for its part, alluded to its name since it is a nervous system that is ungovernable,
something that this somatic nervous system has is that it is governed by the central nervous system,
they are things that I can control for the most part. will, however
I cannot govern the autonomic nervous system at will, they are those functions that are simply not in you
to do them or stop doing them, such as the heartbeat, telling the heart to
contract, to let it go. to contract, to lower the heart rate, to raise it, to
vasodilate the blood vessels, to release any hormone produced in tears
, to produce sweat, imagine everything that we cannot control
in the human body , the respiratory rate, the dilation of the bronchi, the contraction of them,
all of this is governed by the autonomic nervous system, he also dedicated a particular video to it
and its subdivisions, which are the famous sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems,
these are then the great subdivision of the nervous system as such, well the brain, as
I had told you, is made up of three large portions, see it up here, here in pink
it was of course the central nervous system, brain and spinal cord and this brain in turn
is subdivided in a forebrain, also called the telencephalon, which is here in green,
a midbrain also called the mesencephalon, and a posterior brain
, which we are also going to call the rhombencephalon. For its part, these are the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system,
see that the somatic is made up of spinal nerves and cranial nerves, see that
many nerves emerge from the spinal cord that are going to make up the famous plexuses, or some
nerves that simply go towards the periphery, towards the limbs, towards the trunk,
those are the nerves spinal nerves, while you see that there is a series of nerves that are seen to
come directly from the brain, those are the cranial nerves and see what the second part
of the somatic nervous system is, for its part the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system was
explained in the last sheet, here it is important that we know that in the peripheral nervous system
we have two types of nerves, we have nerves that are sensitive and nerves that are motor,
what do we refer to as a nerve when it is sensitive, well it is the nerve that is simply responsible
for bring the sensation, whatever you are feeling, to the central nervous system,
that pathway is also called afferent, that is, it goes to the central nervous system,
in this case represented by the spinal cord, but we also have nerves that are motor,
which It means that? which are those nerves that bring information from the
central nervous system to carry out an action, so the nervous pathway that carries information to the central nervous system is not the same as
that which is an afferent, it goes to the central nervous system,
to a via that rather comes from the central nervous system to perform a function and that would be an
efference, that is why we say that the afferent is synonymous with sensitive and the efferent is synonymous
motor, these are points that are important to know, so see here the subdivisions
of the autonomic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic one that we also
call the thoracolumbar division we will explain a lot in the series of videos on the
sympathetic nervous system that is on the channel, See how what is responsible for innervating are viscera, pure
organs that are the things that I cannot control the will and the parasympathetic nervous system,
also called craniococcygeal division, also innervates the same viscera,
but with functions that are actually antagonistic to the nervous system. Nice, this is something
complex to understand, however, as I say, I developed it in separate videos so that you can
have a greater understanding, this is the entire nervous system video in general, do not forget
to subscribe to the channel, like the video if you liked it and You can find me on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315
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