Perlawanan terhadap Persekutuan Dagang (IPS Kelas 8 Semester 2)

Summary

This educational video explores the history of Indonesian resistance against colonial rule. It covers key events such as the struggle of Sultan Baabullah against the Portuguese, Aceh's resistance under Sultan Iskandar Muda, and Sultan Hasanuddin's role in the fight against the Dutch. The video also delves into Mataram's conflicts with the VOC, highlighting the challenges and strategic maneuvers in the battles for independence. The script sheds light on the resilience of the Indonesian people and their determination to defend their sovereignty during the colonial era.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses the historical conditions of Indonesia during colonialism, including the impact of policies such as monopoly trade, forced labor, land rental systems, and the forced planting system, which caused significant suffering to the people.
• 😀 The Indonesian people responded to colonialism with two main forms of resistance: opposition to trade monopolies and opposition to the Dutch East India Company (VOC).
• 😀 Sultan Baabullah of Ternate successfully led the resistance against the Portuguese in the 16th century, culminating in the expulsion of the Portuguese from Ternate in 1575.
• 😀 Aceh, under Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1639), attempted to attack the Portuguese in Malacca with a powerful navy, though initial attacks were unsuccessful, but Aceh remained an independent kingdom.
• 😀 Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa, also known as the 'Cockerel of the East', became a feared adversary of the Dutch, leading Gowa in resistance against the Dutch East India Company and securing his place as a strong symbol of resistance.
• 😀 The Treaty of Bongaya (1667) resulted in the Dutch gaining control over trade in Makassar and the weakening of the Gowa kingdom’s power, following a series of strategic defeats.
• 😀 The VOC’s influence grew in Indonesia by manipulating local rivalries, as seen in the conflict between the kingdoms of Gowa and Bone, which was exacerbated by Dutch interference.
• 😀 Mataram, led by Sultan Agung, initially cooperated with the Dutch, but tensions over monopolistic trade led to a failed attempt by Mataram to expel the Dutch from Batavia in 1628-1629.
• 😀 Mataram’s second attempt to attack the Dutch in Batavia also failed due to logistical problems and stronger Dutch weaponry, which led to the eventual withdrawal of Mataram's forces.
• 😀 The VOC was dissolved in 1798, bringing Indonesia directly under Dutch colonial rule, marking the end of the VOC era and the beginning of a more direct colonial administration.
• 😀 The lesson concludes with a reflection on the importance of understanding these historical struggles as part of the broader narrative of resistance against colonial rule in Indonesia.

Q & A

What were the main policies that caused suffering for the Indonesian people during the colonial era?

The main policies that caused suffering included monopoly trade, forced labor, land rent systems, and forced planting systems. These policies led to significant hardship for the local population.

Who led the resistance against the Portuguese in Maluku, and what triggered this resistance?

Sultan Baabullah led the resistance against the Portuguese in Maluku. The trigger was the Portuguese's interference with Banda's trade by blocking ships from Banda, which angered the people of Tidore and led them to resist.

How did the Portuguese try to weaken the resistance in Maluku, and what was the outcome?

The Portuguese attempted to divide the kingdoms of Ternate and Tidore by sowing discord, which initially worked with the Portuguese gaining support from Ternate and Bacan. However, the resistance unified, and eventually, the Portuguese were expelled from Ternate in 1575.

What happened during the negotiations between Sultan Hairun and the Portuguese in 1570?

During the negotiations, the Portuguese deceitfully captured Sultan Hairun and executed him, which sparked widespread anger and further resistance from the people of Maluku.

What was the role of Sultan Baabullah in the Maluku resistance after his father's death?

Sultan Baabullah, the son of Sultan Hairun, continued his father's struggle against the Portuguese. He led the fight, which ultimately led to the Portuguese being expelled from Ternate.

What were the military capabilities of Aceh under Sultan Iskandar Muda, and how did they impact the region?

Under Sultan Iskandar Muda, Aceh had a powerful navy capable of carrying 800 soldiers. This strength allowed Aceh to threaten Portuguese positions in Malaka, although their attempts to conquer Portuguese territories were unsuccessful.

Who was Sultan Hasanuddin, and why was he feared by the Dutch?

Sultan Hasanuddin was the King of Gowa in Sulawesi. He was known as the 'Rooster of the East' for his fierce resistance against the Dutch, making him a major threat to Dutch colonial ambitions.

What were the terms of the Bongaya Agreement of 1667?

The Bongaya Agreement, signed on November 18, 1667, allowed the Dutch to monopolize spice trade in Makassar, build a fort in Makassar, forced Makassar to give up territories outside the city, and recognized Arung Palakka as the King of Bone.

How did the Dutch exploit divisions between the kingdoms of Gowa and Bone?

The Dutch exploited the conflict between the Gowa and Bone kingdoms by supporting Bone in its fight against Gowa. This strategy ultimately helped the Dutch solidify their influence in the region.

What was the result of the Mataram attacks on the VOC in 1628 and 1629?

The Mataram attacks on the VOC in 1628 and 1629 failed due to factors such as lack of supplies, inadequate preparation, and more advanced Dutch weaponry. These setbacks marked a significant challenge to Mataram's resistance efforts.