🗺️ Romper Los Límites RESUMEN Netflix🔎| Los LÍMITES PLANETARIOS De Johan Rockstrom⛑️
Summary
TLDREl guion del video revela la importancia de mantener la estabilidad del planeta, destacando el período Holoceno que permitió el desarrollo de civilizaciones modernas. Sin embargo, la era Anthropocena, marcada por las actividades humanas, amenaza con destruir este equilibrio. Se discuten problemas como el cambio climático, la acidificación de los océanos, la disminución de la biodiversidad y la deforestación de la Amazonía. Para evitar el colapso del planeta, es crucial identificar los elementos estabilizadores y respetar sus límites. Se sugiere que las acciones en la década de 2020 a 2030 serán decisivas para el futuro de la humanidad, y se enfatiza la necesidad de reducir emisiones, adoptar dietas flexitarias y promover economía circular.
Takeaways
- 🌡️ La Tierra ha mantenido una estabilidad climática durante aproximadamente 10,000 años en el período conocido como Holoceno, con variaciones de temperatura de hasta ±1°C.
- 🌱 Este período estable permitió el desarrollo de civilizaciones modernas con condiciones predecibles, como flujos de ríos, bosques abundantes, aguas claras y aire limpio.
- 🔥 Las actividades humanas son la principal causa de la llegada del período Antropoceno, marcado por el cambio climático y la alteración del equilibrio natural.
- 🏔️ La pérdida de hielo en montañas como el Kebnekaise y en los polos Norte y Sur, que son responsables de enfriar el planeta, está contribuyendo al calentamiento global y al aumento del nivel del mar.
- 🌡️ Los gases de efecto invernadero, especialmente el CO2, han aumentado desde la revolución industrial y están cerca del umbral de alto riesgo de 450 ppm, lo que podría desencadenar puntos de inflexión en otros sistemas naturales.
- 🌡️ Para evitar el aumento de la temperatura global de más de 1.5°C, es necesario implementar sistemas sostenibles en las próximas 30 años.
- 💧 El ciclo hidrológico, junto con los ciclos de fósforo y nitrógeno, son fundamentales para mantener la vida en la Tierra y deben ser manejados sosteniblemente.
- 🐝 La polinización, esencial para la reproducción de las plantas, está siendo afectada negativamente por la expansión de monocultivos y la pérdida de biodiversidad.
- 🌳 La deforestación en áreas como la Amazonia está acercando a la selva a un punto de inflexión, con disminución de la humedad y liberación de CO2 en la atmósfera.
- 💧 La disponibilidad de agua dulce es crucial para la supervivencia humana y, aunque actualmente estamos en un margen seguro, la tendencia es hacia el peligro.
- 🌊 Los océanos, que absorben un tercio del CO2 emitido, están sufriendo un cambio en su composición y pH, lo que puede afectar a especies como moluscos y corales.
- 🚫 La contaminación por compuestos antropogénicos, como residuos nucleares, microplásticos y metales pesados, tiene efectos y interacciones a largo plazo desconocidos con la naturaleza.
- 🌞 La recuperación de la capa de ozono es un ejemplo exitoso de cómo la acción conjunta de políticos y empresas puede abordar problemas ambientales.
- 🔥 Los incendios forestales, cada vez más frecuentes debido al desequilibrio ambiental, son una amenaza creciente para la biodiversidad y las comunidades locales.
- 🌱 La adopción de una dieta flexitaria y un modelo económico circular pueden ayudar a reducir la huella de carbono y proteger la biodiversidad.
- 🌳 Plantar árboles y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero son acciones esenciales para mitigar el cambio climático y proteger nuestro hogar planetario.
Q & A
¿Qué descubrió Johan Rockström que es de vital importancia para nuestra era?
-Johan Rockström descubrió los elementos que mantienen nuestro planeta estable, lo cual es de vital importancia para nuestra era.
¿Por qué algunas personas creen que el calentamiento global no existe?
-Algunas personas creen que el calentamiento global no existe porque la Tierra siempre ha tenido fluctuaciones de temperatura y piensan que esto es normal.
¿Qué periodo permitió el desarrollo de las civilizaciones modernas y por qué?
-El periodo del Holoceno permitió el desarrollo de las civilizaciones modernas porque la temperatura de la Tierra se mantuvo estable, variando solo +- 1 C, lo que permitió condiciones predecibles.
¿Qué evento marca el fin del Holoceno y el comienzo del Antropoceno?
-El fin del Holoceno y el comienzo del Antropoceno se marcan por las actividades humanas que han llevado a cambios significativos en el estado del planeta.
¿Cuáles son algunas de las consecuencias del aumento de CO2 en la atmósfera?
-Las consecuencias del aumento de CO2 incluyen sequías, inundaciones, derretimiento de hielos y una mayor frecuencia de incendios forestales.
¿Qué impacto tiene la pérdida de los glaciares en Kebnekaise y en los polos?
-La pérdida de glaciares en Kebnekaise y en los polos contribuye al calentamiento global porque el hielo que se derrite es reemplazado por agua, que absorbe más calor, acelerando el proceso de derretimiento.
¿Qué papel juegan los océanos en la absorción de CO2 y cuál es una de sus consecuencias?
-Los océanos absorben 1/3 del CO2 liberado, lo que causa un aumento en la acidez del agua, afectando a especies marinas que dependen de carbonatos para formar sus conchas.
¿Cuál es el problema con el uso excesivo de nutrientes como el fósforo y el nitrógeno en la agricultura?
-El uso excesivo de nutrientes como el fósforo y el nitrógeno puede llevar a la eutrofización, disminuyendo el oxígeno en el agua y causando la extinción de la vida marina.
¿Qué medidas se han tomado para manejar la capa de ozono y cuáles fueron los resultados?
-Se tomaron medidas globales para prevenir la destrucción de la capa de ozono, resultando en una reducción del daño y estabilización de la capa.
¿Qué acciones podemos tomar individualmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero?
-Podemos reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero generando menos residuos, reutilizando materiales, usando paneles solares, y reduciendo el consumo de carne.
Outlines
🌏 Estabilidad del Planeta y el Holoceno
El primer párrafo introduce a Johan Rockström, un científico sueco, quien revela los elementos que han mantenido estable a nuestro planeta durante los últimos miles de años. Se menciona que, a pesar de las fluctuaciones de temperatura que han ocurrido en millones de años, la Tierra se estabilizó hace aproximadamente 10,000 años en un período conocido como el Holoceno. Este período estable permitió el desarrollo de las civilizaciones modernas con condiciones predecibles. Sin embargo, la era del Holoceno ha terminado y el antropoceno, la era de los humanos, ha comenzado debido a las actividades humanas que han sido el motor de cambio del planeta. Se destaca la importancia de identificar los elementos que mantienen estable al planeta y conocer sus límites para evitar su colapso.
🐝 Problemas Ambientales y la Perdida de la Biodiversidad
El segundo párrafo aborda la importancia de la polinización para la reproducción de las plantas y cómo la expansión de monocultivos ha llevado a una disminución de los insectos polinizadores, lo que resultó en la necesidad de robar abejas de Sweden para el Reino Unido debido a su extinción local. Se discuten los problemas del sistema actual de producción de alimentos, la deforestación en la Amazonía y su impacto en el ciclo hidrológico, la pérdida de biodiversidad y la sequía en la selva. También se mencionan los problemas de laeutrofización en el Mar Báltico debido al exceso de nutrientes y la acidificación de los océanos por el CO2 absorbido, con un impacto en la vida marina y la formación de conchas de moluscos. Además, se señala la falta de información sobre los efectos a largo plazo de las sustancias sintéticas y contaminantes en la naturaleza y la atmósfera.
🌱 Retos Ambientales y Acciones para un Futuro Sostenible
El tercer párrafo enfatiza la importancia de las medidas preventivas y el papel de la ciencia en la gestión de los cambios ambientales. Se menciona el éxito en la recuperación de la capa de ozono y la necesidad de reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a cero y limitar el aumento de temperatura. Se destaca la importancia de reducir la emisión de CO2 a través de la reducción de residuos, el reuso de materiales, la instalación de paneles solares, la reducción de la ingesta de carne y la adopción de una dieta flexitaria. Se insiste en la necesidad de una economía circular y la innovación sostenible en los procesos actuales. Se enfatiza que las acciones entre 2020 y 2030 serán decisivas para el futuro del planeta y que la humanidad, como la especie dominante, tiene la responsabilidad de actuar para preservar la Tierra como nuestro hogar perfecto.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Holocene
💡Antropoceno
💡Cambio climático
💡Gases de efecto invernadero
💡Ciclos naturales
💡Biodiversidad
💡Monocultivos
💡Eutroficación
💡Océanos
💡Contaminantes
💡Ciclo circular
💡Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
Highlights
Johan Rockström, a Swedish scientist, discusses the elements that have kept Earth stable for millennia.
The 'Holocene' period, which began 10,000 years ago, has seen only minor temperature fluctuations.
Stable conditions during the Holocene have allowed the development of modern civilizations.
Human activities are identified as the cause for the end of the Holocene and the beginning of the Anthropocene era.
The documentary emphasizes the importance of identifying and respecting the limits of Earth's stable elements.
Kebnekaise mountain in Sweden has lost height due to shrinking glaciers.
Melting ice at the poles is causing a self-reinforcing warming cycle due to darker water absorbing more heat.
Greenland is losing ice at an alarming rate, which could lead to a 7m rise in sea levels.
Antarctica's ice loss could potentially cause a sea level rise exceeding 50 meters.
Greenhouse gas levels, particularly CO2, have been steadily increasing since the industrial revolution.
The current CO2 concentration is nearing the high-risk threshold of 450 ppm.
A 1.5 C temperature increase limit must be avoided by implementing sustainable systems within 30 years.
The hydrological cycle, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles are essential for life on Earth.
Monocultures have led to a decrease in pollinators, affecting plant reproduction.
Biodiversity loss has surpassed safe limits, impacting our ability to survive on the planet.
Deforestation in the Amazon is nearing a tipping point, causing it to dry up and release CO2.
Freshwater availability is decreasing, moving us towards a dangerous threshold.
Excess nutrients from agriculture are causing eutrophication and dead zones in bodies of water.
Oceans are absorbing CO2, but this is leading to acidification and impacting marine life.
The effects of man-made compounds on nature are largely unknown, making it difficult to set pollution limits.
Aerosols from fossil fuels reduce sunlight but also contribute to air pollution and health issues.
Successful management of the ozone layer depletion is highlighted as a positive example of global action.
Coral bleaching is becoming more frequent, indicating poor water conditions and environmental stress.
Frequent fires, like those in Australia in 2020, are a result of environmental imbalance and climate change.
Zoonotic diseases are linked to habitat invasion and can spread globally, as seen with the 2020 pandemic.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to zero and limiting temperature increase are urgent priorities.
Individual actions, such as reducing waste and meat consumption, can significantly impact emissions.
The flexitarian diet and circular economy are suggested as sustainable alternatives to current practices.
The actions taken between 2020 and 2030 will be decisive for the future of our planet.
Humanity's role as the dominant species and the consciousness of Earth is emphasized, with a call for unified action.
Transcripts
There are several different elements that have kept our planet stable over
the past few millennia. Johan Rockström, an internationally known Swedish scientist,
reveals to us what they are. These discoveries are of vital importance for our era.
Many people indicate that global warming does not exist, based on the fact that the earth
has always had temperature fluctuations. They are not bad at all,
it is true that the earth's temperature has varied quite a bit for millions of years.
What these people do not know is that it stabilized approximately 10,000 years ago, this
stable period was called the “Holocene”. Throughout this period the
earth's temperature has only varied by +- 1 C. This period allowed the development of
modern civilizations, by having predictable conditions, they were able to anticipate many
shortage situations. The Holocene is the state of the planet that allows us to maintain a stable
environment and, of course, our current civilizations. Flowing rivers, abundant forests,
clear waters, clean air, abundant and colorful life, wealth of food, are some of its
characteristics. Wow, if there is a paradise it is surely in the Holocene period.
However, the only thing that does not change is that everything changes, unfortunately, according to scientists
, the Holocene period has come to an end and there is only one culprit for this:
human activities. There is considerable agreement in the scientific community to name our
current era as the Anthropocene, the era of humans. Currently we are the engine that directs the planet,
we are the main drivers of changes in it and apparently we are not doing
very well since in just 50 years we have left a state that had not changed for 10,000 years.
In general, something to highlight in the documentary is that, to avoid the collapse of our planet,
it is important to identify the elements that keep it stable and also know the limits
of each of them to avoid exceeding them and take appropriate measures to reduce them.
Later in the video you will see how we managed to solve a problem that arose several
decades ago, showing that, if we agree, many things are possible.
On our planet everything is connected, exceeding a turning point in one area
implies that it will affect another, for example, exceeding the limits in terms of temperature
affects biodiversity, the acidification of the oceans,
which is why our approach It must be about treating them all at once.
Johan Rockstrom presents us first-hand part of his history in Sweden and tells us that
the Kebnekaise mountain, the highest peak in Sweden, has been losing height because the glacier
that constituted its peak has shrunk over the years. . The same happens with both poles,
Antarctica or the Arctic, which are responsible for cooling the planet but are currently
melting. Normally the white color of ice and snow reflects sunlight,
but melted ice has water that covers it and generates darker colors that
absorb heat, causing instead of a self-cooling process,
it self- cooling. hot and melt more. Regarding Greenland, bad news
surrounds this giant island since its threshold has already been crossed. It is currently losing giant amounts of
ice every day. This continued melting will cause sea level to rise by 7 m.
Regarding Antarctica, being larger, the loss of ice and water would be greater. If
eastern and western Antarctica melt, the rise in sea level could exceed 50 m.
A worrying turning point that we are close to are greenhouse gases
. Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of CO2 on the planet has been
rising steadily. In 1988 we passed 350 ppm of CO2, which was a
first limit. Currently we are close to 415 ppm, the consequences of this are droughts,
floods, melting ice, and a greater frequency of forest fires. But,
believe it or not, this could be worse, the next threshold of the high-risk zone starts
at 450 ppm, that is, only 35 ppm more than where we are. If we exceed 450 ppm,
Since everything is connected on our planet, we will surely pass other turning points.
Regarding temperature, we are currently at an increase of + 1.1 C. to avoid
reaching the 1.5 C limit, we must have completely sustainable systems in the next 30 years.
Our planet has various cycles that help keep life functioning, although
they go unnoticed, without them we would not even have water, so the hydrological cycle is
one of the most important on our planet. Likewise, phosphorus or
nitrogen cycles are very important, as are the nutrients available in adequate quantities.
Pollination is a vital process for the reproduction of plants,
it generally occurs by bees and insects, but the expansion of monocultures causes
these to decrease, which is why it was necessary to send personnel from the United Kingdom to Sweden
to steal bumblebees to pollinate their flowers. , because, in the United Kingdom,
this species was already extinct. Our current food production system is a problem
for our food production. Establishing a limit of loss for
biodiversity is very difficult to define, but it is clear that we have already crossed it
a long time ago. We must stop biodiversity loss as quickly as possible.
Much of the Amazon has been deforested over the last few decades, so we are close to
a tipping point in this giant jungle. The data shows that it is drying up, there is
less and less water. Normally, the dry season lasted 3 months, now it has lengthened 6 days per decade since
the 80s. From being our air-purifying and life-giving ally, if we continue like this,
the Amazon will become our enemy, since as the trees are lost,
the CO2 contained in them is released into the atmosphere. The loss of forests causes a loss of
biodiversity that translates into a decrease in our ability to survive on the planet,
due to the loss of species. A loss of 25% of biodiversity generates various dangers,
well, we have already destroyed 40% of forest spaces.
It is said that humans need around 3000 L of water per day per person,
although it may seem exaggerated, we must consider that much of the water is used in the
production and cooking of our food. Although at the moment we are in the safe zone
of available fresh water, little by little we are moving towards danger.
Elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen are very necessary for agriculture as nutrients,
however, they are increasingly used and sometimes in excess. For this reason, the Baltic Sea,
which previously had a lot of life and a variety of species,
has become a lifeless place because it is one of the most polluted in the world
since it has a high concentration of fertilizers and nutrients in it.
The excess of nutrients in the water produces a process called eutrophication, which causes
the amount of oxygen in the water to decrease, algae to develop that do not allow sunlight to pass through
, and fish life to become extinct. This process can also occur in the oceans,
which possibly caused mass extinctions throughout the history of our planet.
Our allies in the fight against CO2 are the oceans, since they absorb 1/3 of the CO2 released,
however, this causes their composition and pH to change. Data shows that
the oceans have become 26% more acidic, and this may increase if temperatures remain high.
Although we are still in safe margins in terms of acidification,
one consequence of this is that it reduces the carbonates available in the water,
causing mollusks and other species that have shells
to have difficulty forming their shells, running the risk of becoming extinct.
There is not much information available or limits regarding new
man-made compounds. The medium and long-term effects and interaction with nature of a large amount
of pollutants that we produce such as nuclear waste, microplastics, heavy metals,
persistent organic pollutants, is still unknown. Because of this, it is not possible
to define pollution limits for the air. There are some contaminants that have their own
limits, such as aerosols. 75% of these come from burning fossil fuels. These
obscure the light and generate some darkness which helps reduce sunlight, this means that
they help cool the environment in some way. At first glance this seems good,
but it is not. This masking of around 40% of the warming does not allow us to feel
the true greenhouse effect. These aerosols contaminate the air and cause the death of more
than 7 million people a year, in addition to reducing our life expectancy by 3 years.
Not everything is bad in terms of our management of environmental change, we can proudly
say that we have managed to manage the depletion of the ozone layer. This layer
reduces the UV light that comes from the sun, which can be very harmful, even carcinogenic.
When countries realized a few decades ago the reduction of the ozone layer,
appropriate measures were taken to prevent its destruction. This moment is important
in history since it is one of the few times that politicians and companies
listened to the warnings of scientists and took action together.
Corals are important indicators of waters in good condition;
when these are unsuitable, contaminated or too hot,
coral bleaching occurs. In the last 2 decades,
whitening has become more and more frequent. Over time,
these coral reefs may become Coral cemeteries.
Fires are becoming more frequent due to environmental imbalance. In the summer
of 2020 in Australia, this country went through hell, due to drought and very high temperatures,
which caused massive fires that are estimated to have killed or displaced 3 billion
animals. Unfortunately these types of situations become our new normal,
however, science indicates that the weather will be so unpredictable that there will be no new normal.
In a world where ecosystems are respected, zoonotic diseases are rare. It is
when we invade animals' habitats that harmful diseases can arise,
since human and animal health are linked. The 2020 pandemic shows our overconsumption
and lack of respect for the environment, in addition to our crowded lifestyle in cities,
which contributed to its spread and devastating effects. With this pandemic we see
that what happens in one part of the world can spread to the entire globe.
To stop the major crises that are coming, one of the priorities we must have is to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero and limit the
temperature increase to as low a value as possible. Every year we must focus on reducing emissions,
a reduction of about 6 to 7% annually means a reduction of approximately 50% every decade,
which is a more than acceptable value. Each and every one of us can do
our bit to reduce these emissions, trying to generate less waste,
reusing materials, using solar panels, reducing our meat consumption,
for example. To reduce existing emissions, trees can be planted;
they absorb CO2, prevent soil erosion and increase soil fertility.
On the other hand, we can adopt the flexitarian diet, this consists of adopting
a diet where meat consumption is infrequent, in this way,
we take care of biodiversity, the land, water, and we reduce the use of phosphorus and nitrogen.
Incorporating a circular economy into our current creation processes
would help reduce the generation of waste that is so harmful to the environment. For this reason, it is
important to innovate in our different processes, always looking for sustainable alternatives. What
we do between 2020 and 2030 will be decisive for the world. What happens in the coming centuries
will depend on what we do this decade. The human species is the dominant one on
our planet, never before has the world depended so much on the actions
of one species. Science and technology have allowed us to acquire a lot of knowledge, we have
become the consciousness of the earth, its brain, thinking and acting. It is our duty
have a unified purpose, that preserves it so that it continues to be our perfect home.
تصفح المزيد من مقاطع الفيديو ذات الصلة
El IMPACTO AMBIENTAL del SER HUMANO 🌏 ¿Estamos ACABANDO con el PLANETA? ⚠️
Contaminación, medioambiente y desarrollo sostenible
10 years to transform the future of humanity -- or destabilize the planet | Johan Rockström
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Cambio climático, ¿estamos a tiempo?
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