AS REVOLUÇÕES INGLESAS: PURITANA E GLORIOSA

Summary

The video delves into the English Revolutions of the 17th century, exploring the key events, causes, and consequences that reshaped England's political and social landscape. It covers the transition from the Tudor to Stuart dynasties, the clash between monarchy and growing bourgeoisie, and the pivotal moments like the English Civil War, the Puritan Revolution, and the Glorious Revolution. The discussion highlights the role of key figures such as Oliver Cromwell and the impacts on England's parliamentary system, which laid the foundation for the later Industrial Revolution and global economic shifts, influencing even the colonial era.

Takeaways

• 😀 The English Revolution of the 17th century led to significant shifts in political power, ultimately shaping England's constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system.
• 😀 The Glorious Revolution of 1688 saw William of Orange's ascension to the throne, marking the beginning of a period where the monarchy's power was limited by the Parliament.
• 😀 The Bill of Rights in 1689 restricted the monarchy's power, ensuring that the King could not govern above the Parliament and that certain rights of the people were safeguarded.
• 😀 The process of centralization under King William led to a decline in absolute monarchy and contributed to the development of a parliamentary democracy.
• 😀 The expansion of bourgeois power through measures like the Navigation Acts facilitated the accumulation of capital, which played a significant role in the rise of the Industrial Revolution.
• 😀 While the common people did not gain significant political power until the 19th century, the growing influence of the bourgeoisie in Parliament was pivotal in shaping future economic and social developments.
• 😀 The Industrial Revolution, which emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries, was deeply connected to the political and economic transformations initiated by the English Revolutions.
• 😀 The global consequences of the English Revolutions were felt worldwide, particularly through trade relations and the expansion of British economic influence, notably with countries like Portugal.
• 😀 The Treaty of Pans and Wines between Portugal and England in the late 19th century exemplified the economic dominance of England, as Portugal exchanged its wine for British manufactured goods due to its financial struggles.
• 😀 Understanding historical events in isolation limits their impact; recognizing their interconnectedness allows us to see their broader consequences, such as the global effects of the English Revolutions on trade and colonial dynamics.

Q & A

What was the main political struggle during the English Revolutions?

The main political struggle was between the monarchy, which sought to maintain absolute power, and the growing influence of the bourgeoisie and Parliament, which wanted to limit royal authority and expand their own political rights.

How did the Tudor dynasty contribute to the development of the English state?

The Tudor dynasty solidified the national state of England by strengthening the monarchy's power, particularly through Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church and the establishment of the Church of England, which helped centralize authority in the crown.

What were the causes of the English Civil Wars?

The English Civil Wars were caused by King Charles I's absolutist policies, his refusal to work with Parliament, and his attempts to rule without parliamentary consent, which led to conflicts with Parliamentarians, especially the rising bourgeoisie and Puritans.

What role did Oliver Cromwell play in the first English Revolution?

Oliver Cromwell played a crucial role as the leader of the Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War. After the execution of King Charles I, he became the leader of the Commonwealth and later assumed the role of Lord Protector, effectively ruling as a military dictator.

How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 change the English monarchy?

The Glorious Revolution resulted in the overthrow of King James II and the ascension of William of Orange and Mary II to the throne. This revolution significantly reduced royal power by establishing parliamentary supremacy, as exemplified by the Bill of Rights, which limited the monarch's authority.

What was the significance of the Bill of Rights (1689) in shaping British governance?

The Bill of Rights of 1689 was a landmark document that established the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy, outlining the rights of Parliament to control taxes, elections, and the military, and setting limits on royal power, thus forming the basis for a constitutional monarchy.

How did the English Revolution influence the Industrial Revolution?

The English Revolution played a key role in the rise of the bourgeoisie by giving them more political power and economic influence. This helped create a stable environment for economic expansion, which later facilitated the growth of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries.

What is the connection between the English Revolution and the global spread of capitalism?

The English Revolution contributed to the rise of capitalism by empowering the bourgeoisie, which eventually led to the development of industrial capitalism. This shift in power helped establish economic systems that spread globally, influencing trade and industrialization in countries like the United States and those in Europe.

How did the events of the English Revolution influence other countries like Portugal?

The events of the English Revolution, particularly the growth of British economic power, had a global impact. For instance, Portugal entered into a trade agreement with England (the Treaty of Pans and Wines), which led to the importation of British goods like textiles and the export of Portuguese wine. This relationship was a result of England's rising economic and political influence.

Why is it important to view historical events, like the English Revolution, in a global context?

It is important to view historical events like the English Revolution in a global context because such events often have far-reaching consequences beyond their immediate location. The English Revolution, for example, influenced not only the political landscape of England but also global trade, industrialization, and colonial relations, as well as other revolutions.