Teoria do Esquema de Schmidt 1975

Summary

In this video, the focus is on motor schemas and how we store learned actions in our memory. The speaker explains that we don’t store every specific movement, but rather general patterns of actions, like walking or serving a tennis ball. These motor patterns evolve through experience and adapt to context, such as adjusting force or direction in different situations. The concept is grounded in Richard Schmidt’s Schema Theory (1975), which suggests that movements are stored in memory as a general structure with adjustable parameters, allowing for slight modifications based on context and skill level.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses how motor skills are learned and stored in memory, emphasizing the cognitive nature of motor actions.
• 😀 Information learned through practice is stored in memory for later use, enabling us to perform various tasks without needing to recall every specific detail of each movement.
• 😀 A person can recognize different forms of movement, such as walking or running, even if the actions vary in speed or context.
• 😀 Motor actions are not stored in their exact detail, but rather in a generalized form, meaning we remember the general pattern or structure of the action.
• 😀 For example, when learning to walk or ride a bike, we store a general idea of the movement rather than each specific instance of walking or biking.
• 😀 The concept of 'motor schemas' suggests that instead of recalling every movement, we remember overarching structures, allowing for flexibility in performance.
• 😀 The theory introduced by Richard Schmidt in 1975, known as the Schema Theory, proposes that motor actions are controlled through both a general framework and specific context-dependent adjustments.
• 😀 Schema Theory includes the idea that certain movement parameters, such as time, force, and direction, can be adjusted based on the context or needs of the situation.
• 😀 A practical example is the tennis serve, where there is a general movement structure, but adjustments are made depending on whether it’s a first or second serve.
• 😀 The concept of motor actions being stored in memory with flexibility is framed within an open-loop system (for general structure) and a closed-loop system (for real-time corrections during movement).

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The video discusses motor schemas, specifically how motor actions are stored in memory and later used in different contexts. It also explains the idea of acquiring a general motor plan and adapting it to varying situations.

What does the video explain about how motor actions are stored in the brain?

The video suggests that motor actions are not stored as highly specific movements, but rather as generalized motor patterns or schemas. This means we remember the general concept of an action, such as walking or cycling, rather than every precise movement involved.

What is meant by a 'generalized motor plan'?

A generalized motor plan refers to a mental representation of a movement or skill that can be adapted to different circumstances. For example, the way we walk or ride a bike can vary in different contexts, but the core structure of the action remains stable.

How does context influence motor actions according to the video?

Context influences motor actions by requiring adjustments to the general motor plan. Factors such as the speed, force, and direction needed for a movement depend on the specific situation, like making a fast tennis serve versus a slower one.

What role does memory play in learning motor skills?

Memory helps store generalized actions and schemas, which we refine over time through practice. This allows us to perform a wide variety of movements without needing to memorize each specific action individually.

What is the difference between open-loop and closed-loop control in motor learning?

Open-loop control refers to movements that occur without feedback, whereas closed-loop control involves continuous corrections based on feedback during the action. In the context of motor learning, closed-loop control allows for adjustments during the movement process.

What does Richard Schmidt's Schema Theory propose?

Richard Schmidt's Schema Theory, proposed in 1975, suggests that motor actions are stored in the brain as generalized schemas. These schemas can then be adapted to various situations based on contextual variables like force and timing.

Can we store every specific movement we make in our memory?

No, we do not store every specific movement. Instead, we store general patterns or schemas that allow us to adapt movements to various contexts. For example, we don't remember each step of walking, but we remember the general pattern of walking itself.

How does the concept of a 'motor schema' relate to sports like tennis?

In sports like tennis, the motor schema for a serve remains stable over time. However, variations in the force, angle, and speed of the serve are adjusted based on the specific context, such as whether it's a first or second serve.

What are the key components of the motor schema theory?

The key components of the motor schema theory are a general structure of the movement (e.g., walking or serving in tennis) and the ability to modify this structure based on contextual factors like force, speed, and timing.