Pengantar Manajemen - Koordinasi dan Rentang Manajemen

Summary

In this lecture on management fundamentals, the speaker discusses key concepts of coordination and span of control within an organization. Coordination is explained as the integration of goals and activities across different departments to achieve efficiency. The types of dependencies (pooled, sequential, reciprocal) between units are explored, along with common coordination problems, such as differences in goal orientations, timeframes, and personal work cultures. Additionally, the lecturer covers the significance of vertical and horizontal coordination, the mechanisms for effective management, and how the span of control affects organizational efficiency. Proper coordination and an optimal span of control are essential for maximizing organizational productivity.

Takeaways

• 😀 Coordination is the process of integrating goals and activities across separate units in an organization to achieve the overall objectives efficiently.
• 😀 There are three types of interdependence in coordination: pooled, sequential, and reciprocal. These describe how units depend on each other for tasks and outcomes.
• 😀 Pooled interdependence occurs when units work independently but rely on each other for specific results, without direct interaction.
• 😀 Sequential interdependence happens when one unit must complete its work before the next unit can proceed (e.g., production depends on procurement).
• 😀 Reciprocal interdependence involves a mutual exchange between units, where work is interdependent and they depend on each other for success.
• 😀 Problems in coordination often arise from differences in goal orientation, time orientation, personal orientations, and formal structures between departments.
• 😀 Effective coordination requires managing differences in priorities, such as balancing marketing's focus on promotion with finance's focus on cost control.
• 😀 Horizontal and vertical coordination are two key types: vertical involves coordination between different levels of management, while horizontal occurs at the same level between units.
• 😀 The mechanisms for effective coordination include managerial hierarchy, rules and procedures, and planning and goal setting to align departmental objectives with organizational goals.
• 😀 Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively oversee, influenced by factors like task similarity, geographical proximity, and the need for supervision and coordination.

Q & A

What is coordination in an organization?

Coordination is the process of integrating goals and activities across different units in an organization to achieve its objectives efficiently.

Why is coordination important in an organization?

Coordination ensures that different departments or divisions with potentially different goals work together towards the common objective of the organization, thereby increasing overall efficiency.

What are the three types of interdependence mentioned in the script?

The three types of interdependence are: 1) Pooled interdependence, where units work independently but contribute to a shared final product, 2) Sequential interdependence, where units work in a specific order, and 3) Reciprocal interdependence, where units rely on each other in a give-and-take manner.

What is pooled interdependence?

Pooled interdependence occurs when different departments or divisions contribute independently to a shared outcome without directly depending on one another.

Can you explain sequential interdependence with an example?

Sequential interdependence happens when one department's work must be completed before the next department can start. For example, the production department depends on the procurement department to provide materials before they can begin production.

What is reciprocal interdependence?

Reciprocal interdependence is when two or more departments rely on each other in a back-and-forth manner, exchanging resources or information to complete their respective tasks.

What are some common coordination problems in organizations?

Some common coordination problems include differences in goal orientation, time orientation, interpersonal relations, and formal structures, all of which can create conflicts between departments.

What are vertical and horizontal coordination?

Vertical coordination involves the alignment and integration of activities between different levels of hierarchy within an organization, while horizontal coordination involves the integration of activities at the same hierarchical level.

How can hierarchical management assist in coordination?

Hierarchical management helps in coordination by ensuring clear communication, authority, responsibility, and accountability at each level of the organization, thus making the process of aligning goals and tasks more efficient.

What is the importance of determining an appropriate span of control in management?

The span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager supervises. A proper span of control ensures effective coordination and supervision, balancing between too few and too many subordinates, leading to optimal organizational efficiency.