Perumusan dan Pengesahan UUD Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945

Summary

This transcript details the formulation and ratification of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution. It outlines the historical process, beginning with the preparation of the constitution by BPUPKI in July 1945, followed by discussions and decisions on key aspects like the state symbol, the role of the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (People's Consultative Assembly), and the official language. The final draft was approved by PPKI on August 18, 1945, with notable amendments such as the change of religious clauses and the definition of the presidency. The Constitution remains a foundational legal framework for the Republic of Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, 1945, is a foundational legal document defining the country's governance system.
• 😀 The Constitution is divided into written and unwritten forms, with the written Constitution setting the fundamental principles of the state and its governance.
• 😀 The unwritten Constitution, also known as conventions, refers to customary practices in the country's governance.
• 😀 Indonesia adheres to constitutionalism, as stated in Article 1, Clause 2 of the 1945 Constitution, which asserts that sovereignty resides with the people and is exercised according to the Constitution.
• 😀 The Constitution is the highest and most fundamental law, and all laws beneath it cannot contradict its principles.
• 😀 The drafting of the 1945 Constitution was initiated by the BPUPKI (Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence) during its second session in July 1945.
• 😀 The second BPUPKI session, held from July 10-17, 1945, focused on technical matters related to the structure of the state and government.
• 😀 A small committee was formed to refine the language of the Constitution, including figures like Jayadiningrat Salim and Soepomo.
• 😀 On July 16, 1945, the BPUPKI unanimously accepted the draft of the Constitution, which included the adoption of proposals from the financial and defense committees.
• 😀 On August 18, 1945, the PPKI (Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee) ratified the Constitution and made several changes, including revising the language and modifying some articles, such as the presidential requirements and religious obligations for citizens.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Constitution of Indonesia, 1945?

The Constitution of Indonesia, 1945 is fundamental in establishing the framework for the governance of the country, providing the legal foundation for the nation's laws, government, and the rights of citizens.

How is the term 'Constitution' defined in various languages, as mentioned in the script?

The term 'Constitution' is translated as 'Constitution' in English, 'Grondwet' in Dutch, 'Verfassung' in German, and 'Constitutio' in Latin, all referring to the basic laws or foundational legal principles of a country.

What are the two main types of constitutions mentioned in the script?

The two main types of constitutions are written and unwritten constitutions. A written constitution includes formal written laws, while an unwritten constitution consists of conventions or practices developed over time.

What is the role of the constitution in a democratic system, as explained in the script?

In a democratic system, the constitution limits government power to prevent arbitrary governance, ensuring that power is exercised according to the laws and the will of the people.

What does Indonesia's constitutionalism entail, based on the script?

Indonesia's constitutionalism is characterized by the principle that sovereignty lies with the people, as outlined in Article 1, Clause 2 of the 1945 Constitution, emphasizing that all governance must comply with the constitution.

What was the process for drafting the Constitution of Indonesia, 1945?

The drafting process involved the BPUPKI (Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) during its second session from July 10 to July 17, 1945. The process included discussions about the structure of government and national symbols, with language refinement committees involved in shaping the final text.

How did the Constitution of Indonesia, 1945 undergo changes during the PPKI session?

During the PPKI (Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) session on August 18, 1945, the Constitution underwent revisions, including changes to the opening text, the wording of key principles like the role of religion, and the eligibility of the president, which were more inclusive and reflective of Indonesia's diverse population.

What were the major revisions made during the PPKI session?

Key revisions included changing the word 'mukadimah' to 'pembukaan' for the preamble, modifying the first principle regarding religion to 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa,' and altering the eligibility of the president from 'a Muslim native' to 'an Indonesian native.'

Who were the significant figures involved in the drafting and revision of the 1945 Constitution?

Notable figures involved in the drafting and revision of the Constitution included members of the BPUPKI such as Jayadiningrat, Salim, and Soepomo, as well as members of the PPKI like President Sukarno and Vice President Mohammad Hatta.

What is the constitutional hierarchy and its importance, as described in the script?

The constitution holds the highest position in the legal hierarchy. All other laws and regulations must align with the Constitution, and no law can contradict its fundamental principles. This hierarchy ensures the stability and integrity of the legal system.