Epidemiologi Penyakit Menular : Demam Berdarah Dangue. Dosen : Siti Novy Romlah, SST., M.Epid., Ph.D

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive overview of Dengue Fever (DF) in Indonesia, particularly during the rainy season. It discusses the cause of the disease, the transmission cycle via mosquitoes, and the symptoms ranging from mild to severe. The script highlights the rising cases of Dengue in Southeast Asia, including significant increases in countries like Bangladesh and Thailand in 2023. It also emphasizes various prevention strategies, including environmental health practices and medical interventions. The video educates viewers about the importance of early detection and the role of both individual actions and public health measures in controlling the disease.

Takeaways

• 😀 The rainy season in Indonesia increases the prevalence of diseases like Dengue Fever (DBD), especially during September to December.
• 😀 Dengue Fever (DBD) is caused by the Dengue virus, transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
• 😀 There are four strains of the Dengue virus: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4, which can lead to varying severity of the disease.
• 😀 Dengue Fever symptoms typically appear 4-10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito, including sudden high fever, joint and muscle pain, skin rashes, and nausea.
• 😀 Southeast Asia, particularly countries like Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, and India, have a high prevalence of Dengue Fever, with significant increases in cases in 2023 compared to previous years.
• 😀 In Indonesia, the highest prevalence of DBD was in Papua Tengah (3.9%), while the lowest was in Gorontalo (0.26%) in 2023.
• 😀 The virus is transmitted from an infected person to a healthy individual through mosquito bites, which carry the virus in their saliva.
• 😀 The disease progresses through stages: incubation (1-4 days), early disease (acute fever), and severe disease (bleeding and thrombocytopenia).
• 😀 Treatment for DBD is focused on supportive care, such as hydration and monitoring, as there is no specific antiviral treatment available.
• 😀 Preventive measures include controlling mosquito populations (using 3M methods: draining, closing, and recycling water storage), improving public sanitation, and promoting environmental cleanliness to avoid mosquito breeding.

Q & A

What is Dengue Fever, and how is it transmitted?

Dengue Fever (DBD) is a viral infection caused by the Dengue virus, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus enters the human body through a mosquito bite from an infected mosquito, which has previously bitten a person already infected with the virus.

What are the main symptoms of Dengue Fever?

The main symptoms of Dengue Fever include high fever (up to 40°C), muscle and joint pain, rash (red spots), headache, nausea, vomiting, pain behind the eyes, and swollen lymph nodes.

How many types of Dengue viruses exist, and what are their names?

There are four serotypes of the Dengue virus: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4.

What regions are most affected by Dengue Fever?

Southeast Asia, including countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and India, is highly endemic to Dengue Fever, with significant outbreaks reported each year.

How do mosquitoes become infected with the Dengue virus?

Mosquitoes become infected with the Dengue virus when they bite a human who is already infected with the virus. The virus then replicates inside the mosquito, and it can be transmitted to other humans through subsequent bites.

What is the incubation period for Dengue Fever after being bitten by an infected mosquito?

The incubation period for Dengue Fever is typically 4–7 days after the mosquito bite, after which symptoms begin to appear.

What are the stages of the natural progression of Dengue Fever?

The natural progression of Dengue Fever includes the following stages: 1) **Incubation Period** (4-7 days), 2) **Early Disease Phase** with symptoms like fever, muscle pain, and rash, 3) **Advanced Phase** with complications such as hemorrhaging and organ enlargement, and 4) **Post-Disease Recovery**, where fatigue and long-term complications may occur.

What methods can be used to prevent the spread of Dengue Fever?

To prevent the spread of Dengue Fever, the following methods are recommended: 1) **Primordial Prevention** – improve sanitation and water systems to prevent mosquito breeding, 2) **Primary Prevention** – eliminate mosquito breeding sites using the **3M** method (Menguras, Menutup, Memanfaatkan), and 3) **Secondary Prevention** – early detection and treatment of symptoms.

What is the **3M** method for preventing Dengue Fever?

The **3M** method for preventing Dengue Fever includes: 1) **Menguras** – draining water from containers that can breed mosquitoes, 2) **Menutup** – covering water storage containers to prevent mosquito access, and 3) **Memanfaatkan** – reusing or properly discarding containers that hold water.

How is Dengue Fever different from other mosquito-borne diseases like Malaria?

Dengue Fever is caused by the Dengue virus transmitted by **Aedes** mosquitoes, while Malaria is caused by parasites of the *Plasmodium* genus transmitted by **Anopheles** mosquitoes. The symptoms of Dengue Fever primarily include high fever and joint pain, while Malaria symptoms involve cyclical fever, chills, and sweating.