MATERI KULIAH MANAJEMEN OPERASIONAL - PERENCANAAN KAPASITAS

Summary

This video covers the key concepts of capacity planning in operational management, focusing on understanding the types of capacity (design, effective, rated) and the factors influencing capacity decisions such as demand forecasting, technology, and operational efficiency. It explores strategies for managing demand surpluses and shortages, including seasonal adjustments and break-even analysis. Additionally, the video introduces the learning curve theory, highlighting how workers' efficiency improves over time. Practical examples and calculations demonstrate how these principles are applied in real-world operations to optimize production and prevent losses.

Takeaways

• 😀 Capacity planning refers to the amount of output that a facility can produce or handle within a given time period, based on available resources.
• 😀 There are three types of capacity planning: long-term, medium-term, and short-term, each catering to different planning horizons.
• 😀 Design capacity refers to the maximum output a facility is designed to produce under ideal conditions, while effective capacity considers real-world factors like maintenance and scheduling.
• 😀 Retention capacity is calculated by considering machine count, machine work hours, usage percentage, and machine efficiency.
• 😀 Capacity decision-making involves forecasting demand, understanding technology limitations, finding optimal operating levels, and anticipating future changes.
• 😀 Managing demand includes strategies for handling excess demand, excess capacity, and seasonal fluctuations in demand.
• 😀 Break-even analysis helps determine the minimum output required to avoid losses and identifies the relationship between fixed costs, variable costs, and revenue.
• 😀 The break-even formula (p * q = F + VC) helps calculate the number of units needed to cover fixed costs and variable expenses.
• 😀 One challenge in break-even analysis is separating fixed and variable costs, as they are not always easy to distinguish in complex operations.
• 😀 The learning curve effect explains how workers become more efficient over time, reducing production time per unit as they gain experience with the task.

Q & A

What is capacity in operational management?

Capacity refers to the amount of production or the number of units a facility can store, produce, or process within a specific period, based on the available resources.

What are the different types of capacity planning?

The three types of capacity planning are: long-term capacity planning, which focuses on long-term needs; medium-term capacity planning, typically covering 1-3 years; and short-term capacity planning, which addresses immediate production needs.

What is the difference between design capacity and effective capacity?

Design capacity is the theoretical maximum output a facility can produce under ideal conditions, while effective capacity is the realistic output that can be achieved considering factors such as maintenance, scheduling, and product quality standards.

What is the formula for calculating retention capacity?

Retention capacity can be calculated using the formula: Retention Capacity = Number of machines × Machine hours per week × Machine usage percentage × Machine efficiency.

What are the four main considerations when making capacity decisions?

The four main considerations are: accurately forecasting demand, understanding the technology and capacity improvements, determining the optimal operational level, and being able to anticipate changes in demand or production needs.

How should a company manage demand exceeding capacity?

When demand exceeds capacity, companies should consider strategies like limiting production, increasing production speed, or outsourcing additional work, depending on their operational flexibility and business goals.

What should a company do if it has excess capacity but low demand?

If a company has excess capacity and low demand, it may lower prices, create marketing campaigns, or shift focus to different products or markets to help absorb the unused capacity.

Why is break-even analysis important in capacity planning?

Break-even analysis helps determine the minimum amount of production required to cover fixed costs, ensuring that a company avoids losses. It provides insights into the relationship between fixed and variable costs, revenues, and sales volume.

What challenges might arise when performing a break-even analysis?

Challenges in break-even analysis include difficulty separating fixed and variable costs, as well as variable costs not always being consistent. This can complicate calculations and decision-making.

How does the learning curve impact capacity planning?

The learning curve shows that as employees gain experience, the time required to complete tasks decreases. This results in increased efficiency over time, which can influence the overall capacity needed for production.