(PART 3) CHAPTER 3: WESTERN ART HISTORY
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the distinctiveness of Byzantine art, highlighting its blend of Eastern and Western techniques and its focus on Christian themes under the influence of the Roman Empire. It discusses the strict control over artistic forms to maintain religious orthodoxy. The script explores various medieval art forms, including illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, the Bayeux Tapestry, and heraldry, providing examples and historical context for each. It also contrasts this with the Renaissance period, marked by a rebirth of classical ideals, and showcases renowned artists and their masterpieces that epitomize the pinnacle of Western European art during the 14th to 16th centuries.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Byzantine art is unique due to its blend of Eastern and Western art techniques, influenced by its strategic location between Asia and Europe.
- 🏛 The city of Byzantium, known as the gateway of the world, was a rich trade route for goods, ideas, and techniques.
- ✝️ Christianity's role as the official religion of the Roman Empire heavily influenced Byzantine art, with a focus on Christian themes and standardized teachings.
- 📜 Illuminated manuscripts were a significant form of medieval art, featuring decorative initials, borders, and miniature illustrations, often using gold or silver.
- 🕍 Mosaics, crafted with small pieces of colored glass or stone, were another key art form, exemplified by the Basilica of San Apolinar Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy.
- 🎗 The Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidered cloth depicting the Battle of Hastings, showcasing the Norman conquest of England from the perspective of the loser, William the Conqueror.
- 🏰 Heraldry represents the designing of coats of arms and insignia, with the Philippine coat of arms featuring symbols from its colonial past, such as the American bald eagle and the lion of the Kingdom of León.
- 🎨 The Renaissance marked a rebirth of classical ideals from ancient Rome and Greece, leading to a pinnacle of artistic development in Western European art.
- 🗿 Donatello, a renowned Renaissance artist, is known for works such as Saint Mark, David, and the Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata.
- 🏢 Filippo Brunelleschi, an architect and engineer, designed the dome of the Florence Cathedral and the Barbacane Chapel, contributing significantly to Renaissance architecture.
- 🖼️ Lorenzo Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise, a set of bronze doors for the Florence Baptistery, and his Saint Matthew bronze statue, are notable examples of Renaissance sculpture.
- 📚 The script encourages further exploration of Western art history, with additional resources available on Google Classroom for Chapter 3.
Q & A
What is unique about Byzantine art?
-Byzantine art is unique because it is a mixture of both Eastern and Western art techniques. It was strictly controlled to eliminate any personalized or unorthodox reinterpretations of its imagery, and it concentrates on Christian themes.
Why was the city of Byzantium also known as the 'gateway of the world'?
-The city of Byzantium was known as the 'gateway of the world' due to its location between Asia and Europe, which made it a rich trade route where not only goods but also ideas and techniques were exchanged.
What is an illuminated manuscript?
-An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript where the text is supplemented with decorations such as initials, borders, and miniature illustrations. The term specifically refers to manuscripts decorated with gold or silver, hence the name 'illumination'.
What is the significance of the mosaic art in the Basilica of San Apolinar Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy?
-The mosaic art in the Basilica of San Apolinar Nuovo is significant as it exemplifies the Byzantine style of mosaics, which was a key form of medieval art, characterized by the use of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials to craft intricate figures and designs.
What does the Bayeux Tapestry depict?
-The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the events of the Battle of Hastings, focusing on the conflict between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold, the Earl of Wessex, as they battle for the crown of England.
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry and from which perspective does it narrate the Battle of Hastings?
-The Bayeux Tapestry was commissioned by William the Duke of Normandy, and it narrates the Battle of Hastings from his point of view, showing him as the winner of the battle.
What is heraldry and what does the coat of arms of the Republic of the Philippines represent?
-Heraldry is the designing of coats of arms and insignia. The coat of arms of the Republic of the Philippines features the sun with eight rays representing the eight provinces under martial law during the Philippine revolution, three five-pointed stars for the primary geographic regions, and symbols of the American bald eagle and the lion rampant representing the country's colonial past.
What is the meaning of the word 'Renaissance'?
-The word 'Renaissance' means 'rebirth', and it refers to the period marking the pinnacle of artistic development in Western European art during the late 14th to early 16th centuries, signifying a rebirth of classical ideals from ancient Rome and Greece.
Which famous renaissance artist created the bronze statue 'David'?
-The bronze statue 'David' was created by the famous Renaissance artist Donatello.
What is the significance of the 'Gates of Paradise' in Renaissance art?
-The 'Gates of Paradise' is a significant work by Lorenzo Ghiberti, which won the 1401 competition for the first set of bronze doors for the Florence Baptistery. It is renowned for its depiction of scenes from the New Testament.
What is a scriptorium and why were they important in the creation of illuminated manuscripts?
-A scriptorium is a room in a monastery where monks who specialized in creating illuminated manuscripts worked. They were important as they provided a dedicated space for the complex and costly process of manuscript illumination.
Who is considered the runner-up in the 1401 competition for the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery?
-Filippo Brunelleschi was the runner-up in the 1401 competition for the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery, which was eventually won by Lorenzo Ghiberti.
Outlines
🎨 Byzantine Art and its Unique Characteristics
This paragraph delves into the distinctive features of Byzantine art, highlighting its blend of Eastern and Western artistic techniques influenced by the city's position as a trade route and cultural gateway. The conversion of Constantine the Great to Christianity and the subsequent standardization of Christian teachings across the Roman Empire led to a controlled form of art that focused on Christian themes. Illuminated manuscripts, a key medieval art form, are described as texts embellished with gold or silver decorations, often produced in monasteries or commissioned by wealthy patrons. Mosaics, another art form, are exemplified by the Basilica of San Apolinar Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy, showcasing the use of small, colored pieces to craft intricate figures. The Bayeux Tapestry, an embroidered cloth depicting the Battle of Hastings, is mentioned as a significant historical narrative. Lastly, the paragraph touches on the strict control over Byzantine art to prevent unorthodox interpretations.
🏰 Medieval Art Forms and the Golden Age of Western European Art
The second paragraph explores various medieval art forms, including the Bayeux Tapestry, which is noted for its depiction of the Battle of Hastings from the perspective of William the Conqueror, despite historical accounts favoring Harold. Heraldry, the designing of coats of arms and insignia, is also discussed, with an example of the coat of arms of the Republic of the Philippines, which features symbols from the country's colonial past. The paragraph transitions into the Renaissance period, marking a rebirth of classical ideals from ancient Rome and Greece. It lists renowned Renaissance artists such as Donatello, Ghiberti, Alberti, and Filippo Brunelleschi, along with their notable works like the Saint Mark statue, the David statue, the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, and the Ospedale degli Innocenti. The paragraph concludes with a mention of the next topic, encouraging students to review the provided material on Western art history.
🖼️ Renaissance Artists and their Masterpieces
The final paragraph focuses on the works of several prominent Renaissance artists, including Fra Angelico, known for the San Marco Altarpiece and the Annunciation of Cortona, and Lorenzo Ghiberti, celebrated for the Gates of Paradise and the Saint Matthew bronze statue. The paragraph provides a brief overview of each artist's contributions to the Renaissance movement, emphasizing the cultural and artistic significance of their works. It also mentions the competition that led to the creation of the Gates of Paradise and the patronage of the Arte del Cambio guild. The artist concludes with a reminder for students to check the Google Classroom for the next chapter on Western art history.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Byzantine Art
💡Illumination
💡Mosaic
💡Bayeux Tapestry
💡Heraldry
💡Renaissance
💡Donatello
💡Leon Battista Alberti
💡
💡Filippo Brunelleschi
💡Fra Angelico
💡Lorenzo Ghiberti
💡Scriptorium
Highlights
Byzantine art is a unique fusion of Eastern and Western art techniques due to the city's position as a trade route between Asia and Europe.
Christianity's role in shaping Byzantine art, with the emperor's duty to standardize Christian teachings across the empire.
The strict control over the form of Byzantine art to prevent personalized or unorthodox interpretations.
Illumination, or illuminated manuscripts, were a significant form of medieval art, often reserved for special books like the Gospel.
Monasteries often contained scriptoriums, dedicated areas for monks specializing in illuminated manuscripts.
Mosaics, crafted with small pieces of colored glass or stone, represent another medieval art form, exemplified by the Basilica of San Apolinar Nuovo.
The Bayeux Tapestry, an embroidered cloth depicting the Battle of Hastings, was commissioned by William the Conqueror despite the historical outcome.
Heraldry, the designing of coats of arms and insignia, is a medieval art form that continues to influence modern symbols, such as the Philippine coat of arms.
The Renaissance marked a rebirth of classical ideals from ancient Rome and Greece in Western European art.
Donatello, a renowned Renaissance artist, created significant works like the Saint Mark statue and the Equestrian statue of Gattamelata.
Giotto di Bondone's works, including the Ognissanti Madonna and the Stefaneschi Triptych, are housed in prestigious galleries.
Leon Battista Alberti's architectural designs, like the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella and the Palazzo Rucellai, showcase Renaissance innovation.
Giovanni's masterpieces, The Last Supper and The Maestà, are prime examples of Renaissance religious art.
Filippo Brunelleschi's architectural achievements, such as the Ospedale degli Innocenti and the Barbacane Chapel, are iconic in Renaissance Florence.
Fra Angelico's religious paintings, like the San Marco Altarpiece and The Annunciation, are celebrated for their spiritual and artistic depth.
Lorenzo Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise and the Saint Matthew bronze statue are significant contributions to Renaissance art, funded by prominent guilds.
The Renaissance period represents the pinnacle of artistic development in Western European art during the late 14th to early 16th centuries.
Transcripts
now what makes byzantine art different
or unique
from the rest of the different types of
art the city of bison shroom is a rich
trade route that is why it was also
labeled as the gateway of the world
due to its location it's between asia
and europe during those times not only
were goods
traded but also ideas our techniques
were one of them byzantine art is unique
for it's a mixture
of both eastern and western art
techniques
christianity became the official
religion of the roman empire after the
conversion of constantine the great
and it was the duty of the emperor to
unite the faith
across the empire by bringing various
heretic or
pagan groups into line and standardizing
christian
teaching therefore the form of byzantine
art was strictly controlled
to eliminate any personalized or
unorthodox re-interpretations
of its imagery that is also one unique
aspect
of byzantine art it concentrates on
christian themes
the first type of medieval art form are
illuminated manuscripts
an illuminated manuscript is a
manuscript in which the text is
supplemented with such decorations
as initials borders and miniature
illustrations
in the strictest definition the term
refers only to manuscripts decorated
with gold
or silver hence the name illumination or
illuminated the most illuminated books
especially made in the first millennium
was gospel books or bible illumination
was a complex
and costly process it was usually
reserved for special books
an outer bible for example wealthy
people
often had richly illuminated books of
hours made which set down prayers
appropriate for various times
in the liturgical day now most
manuscripts
were produced in monasteries in order to
add to the library
or after receiving a commission from a
wealthy patron
now larger monasteries often contain
separate areas for the monks who
specializes in illuminated manuscripts
and this room is what you call a
scriptorium
now this is the process of creating an
illuminated manuscript
our second example of medieval art forms
are mistakes
mosaic is the art of crafting figures
with small
pieces of colored glass stone or other
materials our example of a mistake
comes from the basilica of san apolinar
nuovo in ravenna
italy as you can see here's the inside
of the church
here are examples of mosaic pieces on
the walls of the church
and here is a closer example of a mosaic
coming from the basilica
the third example of medieval art forms
we have the bayou tapes tree
the biotapes tree also known as the la
taldu conquest
in french is an embroidered cloth nearly
70 meters long
and 50 centimeters tall which depicts
the events of the battle of hastings
concerning william
the duke of normandy versus harold the
earl of wessex as they battle
for the crown of england so here is a
closer example
of the bayou tapestry
the bayou tapestry is said to date to
the 11th
century within a few years after the
battle
as i have shared to you on the previous
slide the value paper stream
basically narrates the battle between
william
and harold where in the latter
harold won the crown of england
but it is the former william the duke of
normandy the loser basically
who commissioned for the creation of the
bayou
tapestry and if you would look at the
end of the biotape history
according to williams point of view it
is he
who won the battle and not harold
our last example of medieval art form is
heraldry
heraldry is the manner of designing code
of arms and
insignia on the right side is an example
of the code of arms of the republic of
the philippines now what is the meaning
of our country's code of arms now
our code of arms features the eighth
read son of the philippines
with each ray representing the eight
provinces
which were placed under martial law by
governor general
ramon blanco during the philippine
revolution
and the three five-pointed stars
representing the three primary
geographic regions of luzon visayas
and mindanao on the blue field on the
dexter side you would see the north
american bald eagle
of the united states and on the red
field on the sinister side
is the lion rap band of the coat of arms
of the kingdom of
leon both representing the country's
colonial
past which is ironic because our code of
arms
an independent nation features
two symbols coming from
our colonial past now the current arms
which shares many features of the
national flag
was designed with the filipino artists
and heraldis
captain galobi ocampo
and now we have the golden age of
western european art
renaissance art
now what does the word renaissance mean
renaissance period marks the pinnacle of
artistic development
in western european art of the late 14th
15th and early 16th centuries the word
renaissance
means rebirth a rebirth the classical
ideals from ancient rome
and greece
here are some famous renaissance artists
and their masterpieces
our first renaissance artist is
donatello
his first work you have saint mark a
marble statue that stands approximately
seven feet and nine inches high
and is displayed in the museum of the or
san miguel
church in florence italy his second work
we have david a bronze statue in display
at mercedes
in florence italy and his last example
of work
the equestrian statue of catavilata
which is located in the piazza del santo
in padua
italy
our second renaissance artist you have
gyoto di bondone
his first work ogni santi madonna
housed in the uffici gallery of florence
italy
his second work stefaneski triptych
commissioned by cardinal giacomo gaitani
stefaneski
to serve as an altarpiece for one of the
altars of old saint peter's basilica in
rome
it is now at the pinacoteca vaticana in
rome
italy
our third renaissance artist leon
batista alberti
his first work you have the basilica of
santa maria novella
commissioned by giovanni di paolo
russella a local textile merchant
leon battista alberti designed the upper
part of the inlaid green marble of prato
also called serpentino
and white marble facade of the church
his second word you have the palazzo
russella a palatial 15th century
townhouse on the via de la vina nova
in florence italy the russell palace is
believed
by most scholars to have been designed
for giovanni de paulo
our fourth renaissance artist we have
giovanni
his first work the last supper and his
second work the maestad
santa trinita originally painted for the
church of santa trinita florence italy
where it remained until 1471.
it is now housed in the ofici gallery of
florence
italy
our fifth renaissance artist we have
filippo brunelleschi
his first work was pedaled
it is a historic building in florence
italy it was designed by brunelleschi
who received the commission in 4019 from
the arte del yaceta
it was originally a children's orphanage
our second example of his work is the
barbadored chapel
it is a chapel in the church of santo
fedicita in florence central
italy
our sixth renaissance artist is fra
angelico
his first work the san marco altarpiece
it was commissioned by cosimo de medici
the elder
and is currently housed in the san marco
museum of florence
italy his second work the annunciation
of cortona
is a panel painting outer piece or a
table by fra angelico
once housed in the church of jesus of
cortona
it is now held at the messiah in cortona
our last renaissance artist lorenzo
gibert
his first work the gates of paradise
this piece won the 1401 competition
for the first set of bronze stores with
brunelleschi
as the runner-up the original plan was
for the doors to depict scenes from the
old testament
but the plan was changed to depict
scenes from the new testament instead
and his second word the saint matthew
bronze statue
this statue was funded by the arte del
cambio guild
aka the backers guild
students thank you very much for
listening and i will see you on our next
topic
please do not forget to check the
activity for chapter 3
western art history it is already
uploaded in your google classroom
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(PART 1) CHAPTER 3: WESTERN ART HISTORY
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