★ Đinh Bộ Lĩnh Dẹp Loạn 12 Sứ Quân (966 - 967) - Lược Sử Việt Nam #4

Summary

The script recounts the tumultuous period in Vietnam's history following the Battle of Bạch Đằng in 938, when the country successfully repelled Northern invaders. After the death of Ngô Quyền in 944, internal power struggles led to a breakdown in central authority. This instability culminated in the fragmentation of the country into 12 separate warlord territories. Amid the chaos, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh rose to prominence, uniting various factions and eventually establishing the Đinh Dynasty by 967, bringing peace and stability to the nation after years of conflict.

Takeaways

• 😀 In 938, after the victory at the Battle of Bạch Đằng, the invasion of the Southern Han was decisively defeated, establishing Vietnamese independence.
• 😀 In 939, Ngô Quyền ascended the throne and chose Cổ Loa as the capital, marking the end of foreign domination and the beginning of Vietnamese sovereignty.
• 😀 After Ngô Quyền's death in 944, his sons were too young and lacked the necessary authority, leading to instability and the rise of internal factions.
• 😀 Dương Tam Kha, a powerful official, seized control and proclaimed himself ruler as Bình Vương, but was later overthrown in 950.
• 😀 In 950, Ngô Trung Văn, with support from military leaders, successfully defeated Dương Tam Kha and reclaimed the throne.
• 😀 Despite the brief restoration of order, internal conflicts within the Ngô family weakened the dynasty's influence, leading to continued political instability.
• 😀 By 965, Ngô Xương Văn died, sparking a period of fragmentation and conflict, with local warlords battling for power across Vietnam.
• 😀 The period of 'Loạn 12 Sứ Quân' saw 12 military leaders controlling different regions and fighting for dominance, contributing to national chaos.
• 😀 Several prominent warlords included Ngô Nhật Khánh, Kiều Công Hãn, and Nguyễn Khoan, each holding significant territories in modern-day Vietnam.
• 😀 Amid this fragmentation, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh emerged as a unifying figure, gaining support from local populations and defeating other warlords, ultimately reunifying the country in 967.

Q & A

What event marks the beginning of Vietnam's independence from Northern feudal rule?

The event that marks the beginning of Vietnam's independence is the victory at the Battle of Bạch Đằng in 938, which ended the invasion by the Southern Han forces.

Who became the first king of Vietnam after the Southern Han's defeat?

After the defeat of the Southern Han forces, Ngô Quyền ascended the throne in 939, establishing the Ngô Dynasty and choosing Cổ Loa as the capital.

What caused the instability in the Ngô Dynasty after Ngô Quyền's death?

Following Ngô Quyền's death in 944, his sons were unable to maintain control, leading to internal power struggles, with Dương Tam Kha seizing power and declaring himself king, which resulted in widespread instability.

How did Ngô Trung Văn regain control of the throne?

Ngô Trung Văn, with the support of military leaders, overthrew Dương Tam Kha in 950 and regained the throne. He invited his brother, Ngô Xương Nhập, to help govern, but internal conflicts weakened the dynasty further.

What led to the division of Vietnam into separate regions during the Ngô Dynasty's decline?

The death of Ngô Xương Văn in 965 led to continued struggles for power, resulting in the rise of 12 regional military leaders, each controlling a different province, leading to the fragmentation and chaos known as the '12 sứ quân' (12 military governors' rebellion).

What were some of the key regions controlled by the 12 military governors?

Some of the regions controlled by the 12 military governors included Phong Châu (today’s Phú Thọ), Hà Nội, Vĩnh Phúc, Bắc Ninh, Hưng Yên, and Thanh Hóa, among others.

Who was Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, and what role did he play during the period of unrest?

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was a military leader from Hoa Lư who rose to prominence by uniting the various warring regional military leaders and eventually founded the Đinh Dynasty, bringing stability to the country after defeating the other sứ quân.

How did Đinh Bộ Lĩnh manage to defeat the other sứ quân and unify the country?

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's military prowess and ability to form alliances with key regional leaders allowed him to defeat or secure the surrender of the other sứ quân. He was supported by the people and successfully unified the country by 967.

What were some of the early life experiences of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh?

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was born in Gia Viễn, Ninh Bình, and grew up in a rural environment, where he played war games with other children and learned military tactics. He later built a base in Hoa Lư, where he began organizing his forces.

What significance did the unification of Vietnam under Đinh Bộ Lĩnh have for the country?

The unification of Vietnam under Đinh Bộ Lĩnh marked the end of the period of fragmentation and civil war, establishing a stable central government that laid the foundation for the Đinh Dynasty and the further consolidation of Vietnamese sovereignty.