Noções Gerais de Classes Gramaticais - Prof.ª Flávia Rita

Summary

This instructional script delves into the importance of understanding grammatical classes in Portuguese for exam preparation. It highlights the ten key classes—substantive, verb, adjective, pronoun, article, numeral, preposition, conjunction, interjection, and adverb—and how these are tested by various exam boards like FGV, FCC, and VUNESP. The video explains how different boards prioritize specific classes, with verbs, pronouns, and conjunctions being frequently tested. It also emphasizes that words can change their grammatical classification based on context, offering practical examples to help students better grasp the nuances of grammatical structures in language assessments.

Takeaways

• 😀 All examiners assess grammatical classes, but different exam boards may focus on certain classes more than others.
• 😀 Major exam boards like FCC, FGV, and Vunesp prioritize verbs, pronouns, and conjunctions in their exams.
• 😀 Smaller exam boards tend to focus more on identifying the grammatical class of words in a sentence.
• 😀 The ten main grammatical classes are: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, article, numeral, preposition, conjunction, interjection, and adverb.
• 😀 Words can change grammatical classes depending on their context in a sentence, influencing their function.
• 😀 Verbs are assessed in terms of conjugation, voice, tense, mode, and semantic load in exams.
• 😀 Pronouns are commonly tested for correct usage, including personal pronouns, relative pronouns, and pronoun placement.
• 😀 Adjectives and adverbs are often assessed for their classification, use, and flexion (agreement) within sentences.
• 😀 Prepositions are important to understand, especially in relation to their connection with other sentence components.
• 😀 It’s important to know that even less frequently tested topics like plural forms of compound words can appear in exams, even if they are not a main focus.

Q & A

What are grammatical classes, and why are they important in exams?

Grammatical classes refer to the categories that words belong to, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and others. They are important in exams because they form the foundation of grammar, and understanding them is crucial for analyzing and answering questions correctly.

Which exam boards prioritize certain grammatical classes in their questions?

Boards like FGV, FCC, and Vunesp prioritize certain classes such as verbs, pronouns, and conjunctions. These are often tested in terms of their conjugation, usage, and meaning. Smaller boards typically test a broader range of grammatical classes, focusing on identification.

How do different boards approach the testing of grammatical classes?

Different exam boards may focus on various aspects of grammatical classes. For example, FGV and FCC often emphasize verbs and pronouns, while Vunesp might prioritize conjunctions and other smaller classes. Smaller boards usually test a wider variety of classes, focusing on identification rather than in-depth application.

What is meant by 'context determining class variation' in grammatical classes?

Class variation means that the grammatical class of a word can change depending on the context in which it is used. For example, the word 'um' (meaning 'a' or 'an') is an article in 'encontraram um corpo' (they found a body), but in 'encontraram um único corpo' (they found a unique body), it becomes a numeral.

Can less common content, like plural of compound words, appear in exams?

Yes, although content like plural of compound words is not commonly tested, it can still appear in exams. For example, Vunesp tested it in 2021 in a question involving the plural of words ending in 'ão'.

What are the most commonly tested grammatical classes?

The most commonly tested classes are verbs, pronouns, conjunctions, and prepositions. These classes are often asked about in relation to their conjugation, placement, and semantic load.

What role do pronouns play in grammatical class questions?

Pronouns are often tested for their use, such as personal pronouns, relative pronouns, and their placement within sentences. Questions may focus on whether the correct pronoun is used or if the placement of the pronoun adheres to grammatical rules.

How are adverbs typically tested in exams?

Adverbs are tested on their classification, usage, and flexion. Questions may ask about the function of an adverb in modifying verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and they may test the different types of adverbs, such as those of manner or time.

What is the significance of 'flexions' in relation to grammatical classes?

Flexions refer to the changes a word undergoes to reflect tense, gender, number, or case. Understanding flexions is crucial because many grammatical classes, such as verbs, nouns, and adjectives, change form depending on context, and exams often test this knowledge.

How does context affect the classification of words in the sentence 'a vida começa a partir dos 40 anos'?

In this sentence, the word 'a' is an article and 'a partir' is a preposition. The context of the sentence defines the role of 'a' as an article and 'a partir' as a preposition, demonstrating how words can change their class based on context.